Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic

Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions

(2021) Lu Luo et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Cadmium: Mitigation strategies to reduce dietary exposure

(2020) Heather R. Schaefer et al.   JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE

Inhibition of Tyrosinase by Mercury Chloride: Spectroscopic and Docking Studies

(2020) Jianmin Chen et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Mitigation of lead neurotoxicity by the ethanolic extract of Laurus leaf in rats

(2020) Hanaa S.S. Gazwi et al.   ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

Presence of cadmium and lead in tobacco and soil with ecological and human health risks in Sichuan province, China

(2020) Ram Proshad et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

Mechanisms and individuality in chromium toxicity in humans

(2020) Thelma Pavesi et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY

Exposure assessment and safe intake guidelines for heavy metals in consumed fishery products in the Republic of Korea

(2020) Tae-Hun Kim et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability: Dangerous Liaisons

(2020) Therese Wilhelm et al.   Genes

The Effect of Hexavalent Chromium on the Incidence and Mortality of Human Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on Published Epidemiological Cohort Studies

(2019) Yujiao Deng et al.   Frontiers in Oncology

Evidences for involvement of estrogen receptor induced ERK1/2 activation in ovarian cancer cell proliferation by Cadmium Chloride

(2019) Negar Ataei et al.   TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO

Environmental cadmium exposure and pancreatic cancer: Evidence from case control, animal and in vitro studies

(2019) Vladimir R. Djordjevic et al.   ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL

Smoking-induced risk of future cardiovascular disease is partly mediated by cadmium in tobacco: Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort Study

(2019) Huiqi Li et al.   Environmental Health

Arsenic Neurotoxicity in Humans

(2019) Hitoshi Mochizuki   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Review of arsenic toxicity, speciation and polyadenylation of canonical histones

(2019) Max Costa   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Associations between mercury exposure and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in US adolescents

(2019) Runsen Chen et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

Effects of chromium supplementation on body composition, human and animal health, and insulin and glucose metabolism

(2019) John B. Vincent   CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE

Maternal inorganic mercury exposure and renal effects in the Wanshan mercury mining area, southwest China

(2019) Chanchan Zhang et al.   ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress

(2019) Leonardo M. R. Ferreira et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements

(2019) Vaishali Aggarwal et al.   Biomolecules

Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Chromosome Instability Drives Permanent and Heritable Numerical and Structural Changes and a DNA Repair-Deficient Phenotype

(2018) Sandra S. Wise et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

Gender differences in mercury-induced hepatotoxicity: Potential mechanisms

(2018) María Herminia Hazelhoff et al.   CHEMOSPHERE

Connecting gastrointestinal cancer risk to cadmium and lead exposure in the Chaoshan population of Southeast China

(2018) Xueqiong Lin et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

Acetyl- l -carnitine attenuates arsenic-induced liver injury by abrogation of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats

(2018) Vida Bodaghi-Namileh et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Identifying occupational carcinogens: an update from the IARC Monographs

(2018) Dana Loomis et al.   OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE

Hippocampal Dysfunction Provoked by Mercury Chloride Exposure: Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative Stress, Tissue Injury and Nature of Cell Death

(2018) Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Upregulation of histone-lysine methyltransferases plays a causal role in hexavalent chromium-induced cancer stem cell-like property and cell transformation

(2018) Zhishan Wang et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Roles of ROS, Nrf2, and autophagy in cadmium-carcinogenesis and its prevention by sulforaphane

(2018) Yuting Wang et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

The association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population

(2018) Xiao Chen et al.   Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology

Blood mercury concentrations are associated with decline in liver function in an elderly population: a panel study

(2017) Mee-Ri Lee et al.   Environmental Health

Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis: A Population-Based Study and Benchmark Dose Estimation in Southern China

(2017) Yingjian Lv et al.   JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH

New Evidence against Chromium as an Essential Trace Element

(2017) John B Vincent   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Targeting phospholipase D in cancer, infection and neurodegenerative disorders

(2017) H. Alex Brown et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Effect of an Extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries on the Body Status of Zinc and Copper under Chronic Exposure to Cadmium: An In Vivo Experimental Study

(2017) Sylwia Borowska et al.   Nutrients

Causes of death in patients with Itai-itai disease suffering from severe chronic cadmium poisoning: a nested case–control analysis of a follow-up study in Japan

(2017) Muneko Nishijo et al.   BMJ Open

Cadmium and Cadmium/Zinc Ratios and Tobacco-Related Morbidities

(2017) Patricia Richter et al.   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Mercury pollution in vegetables, grains and soils from areas surrounding coal-fired power plants

(2017) Rui Li et al.   Scientific Reports

Mechanisms and Consequences of Cancer Genome Instability: Lessons from Genome Sequencing Studies

(2016) June-Koo Lee et al.   Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease

Mechanisms involved in the transport of mercuric ions in target tissues

(2016) Christy C. Bridges et al.   ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY

A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment

(2016) Xiangyang Wu et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

Metabolism and toxicity of arsenicals in mammals

(2016) Adeel Sattar et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran

(2016) Mahdi Balali-Mood et al.   Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Intranasal Chromium Induces Acute Brain and Lung Injuries in Rats: Assessment of Different Potential Hazardous Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Introduction of a Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Animal Model

(2016) Abeer Salama et al.   PLoS One

Inhalation of mercury vapor can cause the toxic effects on rat kidney

(2016) Nilgün Akgül et al.   RENAL FAILURE

Specific histone modification responds to arsenic-induced oxidative stress

(2016) Lu Ma et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Methylation levels of P16 and TP53 that are involved in DNA strand breakage of 16HBE cells treated by hexavalent chromium

(2016) Guiping Hu et al.   TOXICOLOGY LETTERS

SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-dependent autophagy in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and salvage by melatonin

(2015) Huifeng Pi et al.   Autophagy

Cadmium toxicity induces ER stress and apoptosis via impairing energy homeostasis in cardiomyocytes

(2015) Chun-yan Chen et al.   BIOSCIENCE REPORTS

Cadmium overkill: autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis signalling in endothelial cells exposed to cadmium

(2015) Barbara Messner et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

Human inorganic mercury exposure, renal effects and possible pathways in Wanshan mercury mining area, China

(2015) Ping Li et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Chronic low level arsenic exposure evokes inflammatory responses and DNA damage

(2015) Kaustav Dutta et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Cadmium Transporters in the Kidney and Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity

(2015) Hong Yang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Impaired aquaporins expression in the gastrointestinal tract of rat after mercury exposure

(2015) Cinzia Bottino et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY

Toxicity assessment due to sub-chronic exposure to individual and mixtures of four toxic heavy metals

(2015) Samuel J. Cobbina et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Calcium Signaling Involvement in Cadmium-Induced Astrocyte Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Through Activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways

(2015) Jiao Hua Jiang et al.   NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH

Cadmium Induces Histone H3 Lysine Methylation by Inhibiting Histone Demethylase Activity

(2015) Chunlian Xiao et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Monitoring Cr Intermediates and Reactive Oxygen Species with Fluorescent Probes during Chromate Reduction

(2014) Zachary DeLoughery et al.   CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY

Interplay of calcium and cadmium in mediating cadmium toxicity

(2014) Grace Choong et al.   CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS

Inhaled lead affects lung pathology and inflammation in sensitized and control guinea pigs

(2014) Mohammad Hossein Boskabady et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Failure of recovery from lead induced hepatoxicity and disruption of erythrocyte antioxidant defence system in Wistar rats

(2014) Temidayo O. Omobowale et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Genotoxicity of Tri- and Hexavalent Chromium Compounds In Vivo and Their Modes of Action on DNA Damage In Vitro

(2014) Zhijia Fang et al.   PLoS One

Aberrant microRNA Expression Likely Controls RAS Oncogene Activation During Malignant Transformation of Human Prostate Epithelial and Stem Cells by Arsenic

(2014) Ntube N. O. Ngalame et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Protective Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid against Lead Acetate-Induced Toxicity in Liver and Kidney of Female Rats

(2014) Heba M. Abdou et al.   Biomed Research International

Arsenic Binding to Proteins

(2013) Shengwen Shen et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Assessment of the mode of action underlying development of rodent small intestinal tumors following oral exposure to hexavalent chromium and relevance to humans

(2013) Chad M. Thompson et al.   CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY

Lead exposure affects inflammatory mediators, total and differential white blood cells in sensitized guinea pigs during and after sensitization

(2013) Tahereh Farkhondeh et al.   DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Cadmium exposure and the epigenome: Exposure-associated patterns of DNA methylation in leukocytes from mother-baby pairs

(2013) Alison Sanders et al.   Epigenetics

Antioxidative effects of hesperetin against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rats

(2013) Zijun Yang et al.   INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Cellular mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity: a review

(2013) Anju Rani et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH

Toxicogenomic approaches for understanding molecular mechanisms of heavy metal mutagenicity and carcinogenicity

(2013) Preeyaporn Koedrith et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

The relationship of blood lead with immunoglobulin E, eosinophils, and asthma among children: NHANES 2005–2006

(2013) Ellen M. Wells et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Arsenic and the Epigenome: Interindividual Differences in Arsenic Metabolism Related to Distinct Patterns of DNA Methylation

(2013) Kathryn A. Bailey et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY

Adverse respiratory effects associated with cadmium exposure in small-scale jewellery workshops in India

(2013) Subhabrata Moitra et al.   THORAX

Cadmium induced Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation by disturbing calcium homeostasis in its hepatotoxicity

(2013) S Xu et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of PPM phosphatases and targets the M1 binding site

(2013) Chang Pan et al.   Scientific Reports

Protective effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cadmium-induced hepatic toxicity in rats

(2013) Sook Jahr Park et al.   Journal of Ginseng Research

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Lung Cancer: An Updated Perspective

(2012) A. M. Urbano et al.   CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM

Hexavalent Chromium Cr(VI) Up-Regulates COX-2 Expression through an NFκB/c-Jun/AP-1–Dependent Pathway

(2012) Zhenghong Zuo et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES

Blood mercury concentration among residents of a historic mercury mine and possible effects on renal function: a cross-sectional study in southwestern China

(2012) Yonghua Li et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT

Cryptorchidism-induced CFTR down-regulation results in disruption of testicular tight junctions through up-regulation of NF- B/COX-2/PGE2

(2012) J. Chen et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Epigenetic targets of some toxicologically relevant metals: a review of the literature

(2012) Tsu-Fan Cheng et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY

Oxidative Stress and Chromium(VI) Carcinogenesis

(2012) Hua Yao et al.   JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY

Nigeria's lead poisoning crisis could leave a long legacy

(2012) Talha Khan Burki   LANCET

Gene expression changes in human lung cells exposed to arsenic, chromium, nickel or vanadium indicate the first steps in cancer

(2012) Hailey A. Clancy et al.   Metallomics

Groundwater Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium [Cr (VI)]: A Health Survey and Clinical Examination of Community Inhabitants (Kanpur, India)

(2012) Priti Sharma et al.   PLoS One

Arsenic and chromium in drinking water promote tumorigenesis in a mouse colitis-associated colorectal cancer model and the potential mechanism is ROS-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

(2012) Xin Wang et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Cadmium induces carcinogenesis in BEAS-2B cells through ROS-dependent activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling

(2012) Young-Ok Son et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Arsenite exposure altered the expression of NMDA receptor and postsynaptic signaling proteins in rat hippocampus

(2012) Jiao-hua Luo et al.   TOXICOLOGY LETTERS

Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Testes in Lead Exposed Workers

(2012) Mohammad Reza Khazdair et al.   Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Garlic and d-Penicillamine in Patients with Chronic Occupational Lead Poisoning

(2011) Sina Kianoush et al.   BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY

Chromium in Drinking Water: Sources, Metabolism, and Cancer Risks

(2011) Anatoly Zhitkovich   CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY

Low-level environmental lead exposure in childhood and adult intellectual function: a follow-up study

(2011) Maitreyi Mazumdar et al.   Environmental Health

Oral ingestion of hexavalent chromium through drinking water and cancer mortality in an industrial area of Greece - An ecological study

(2011) Athena Linos et al.   Environmental Health

Advanced Oxidation Process Based on the Cr(III)/Cr(VI) Redox Cycle

(2011) Alok D. Bokare et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Chromium and genomic stability

(2011) Sandra S. Wise et al.   MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS

Arsenic and manganese exposure and children's intellectual function

(2011) Gail A. Wasserman et al.   NEUROTOXICOLOGY

Investigation of the Mode of Action Underlying the Tumorigenic Response Induced in B6C3F1 Mice Exposed Orally to Hexavalent Chromium

(2011) Chad M. Thompson et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Puerarin protects rat kidney from lead-induced apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway

(2011) Chan-Min Liu et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Chromium genotoxicity: A double-edged sword

(2010) Kristen P. Nickens et al.   CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS

The Role of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling in Renal Carcinogenesis: Lessons from Cadmium Toxicity Studies

(2010) F. Thevenod et al.   CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Arsenic Exposure and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality

(2010) Anisur Rahman et al.   EPIDEMIOLOGY

Molecular Neurobiology of Lead (Pb2+): Effects on Synaptic Function

(2010) April P. Neal et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Prospective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in attenuating hexavalent chromium-induced functional and cellular damage in rat thyroid

(2010) Irfan Zia Qureshi et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

Mechanism of DNA−Protein Cross-Linking by Chromium

(2009) Andrea Macfie et al.   CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY

Determination of inorganic arsenic species (As3+ and As5+) in muscle tissues of fish species by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)

(2009) Abdul Qadir Shah et al.   FOOD CHEMISTRY

DNA polymerase ζ is essential for hexavalent chromium-induced mutagenesis

(2009) Travis J. O’Brien et al.   MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS

Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis

(2009) Jie Liu et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Lead exposure and its impact on immune system: A review

(2009) K.P. Mishra   TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO

Increased Childhood Liver Cancer Mortality and Arsenic in Drinking Water in Northern Chile

(2008) J. Liaw et al.   CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION

Bone Resorption and Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Women: A Population Study

(2008) Rudolph Schutte et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES

The Relationship of Housing and Population Health: A 30-Year Retrospective Analysis

(2008) David E. Jacobs et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES

Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by hexavalent chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats

(2008) Anita K. Patlolla et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US- and Indian-Manufactured Ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet

(2008) Robert B. Saper   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Effects of Various Cooking Processes on the Concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Foods

(2008) Gemma Perelló et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Inhibition of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 by Arsenite Interferes with Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage

(2008) Wei Ding et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Metal Carcinogenesis and Cocarcinogenesis: Nickel, Arsenic, and Chromium

(2007) Konstantin Salnikow et al.   CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY

Lack of genotoxic effects in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal cells of mice receiving chromium(VI) with the drinking water

(2007) S DEFLORA et al.   MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH