Repurposing of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in COVID-19 and Hyper-Inflammation: A Comprehensive Review of Available and Emerging Evidence at the Peak of the Pandemic

Biobanking for COVID-19 research

(2021) Patrizia ROVERE-QUERINI et al.   PANMINERVA MEDICA

EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update

(2020) Josef S Smolen et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Rare genetic variants in interleukin-37 link this anti-inflammatory cytokine to the pathogenesis and treatment of gout

(2020) Viola Klück et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

A panoramic review of IL-6: Structure, pathophysiological roles and inhibitors

(2020) Sukhvir Kaur et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China

(2020) Qiurong Ruan et al.   INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE

Autophagy and Protein Secretion

(2020) Giulio Cavalli et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abnormal Coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia

(2020) Ning Tang et al.   JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease

(2020) Peter Richardson et al.   LANCET

Targeting the inflammatory cascade with anakinra in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: case series

(2020) Achille Aouba et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome?

(2020) Serena Colafrancesco et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

(2020) Daniel Blanco-Melo et al.   CELL

Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure

(2020) Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Favorable Anakinra Responses in Severe Covid-19 Patients with Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

(2020) George Dimopoulos et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients

(2020) Xiaohua Chen et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Impact of low dose tocilizumab on mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia

(2020) Ruggero Capra et al.   European Journal of Internal Medicine

Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19: A promising intervention affecting inflammation and coagulation

(2020) Marcel Levi   European Journal of Internal Medicine

Off-label use of tocilizumab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Milan, Italy

(2020) Valentina Morena et al.   European Journal of Internal Medicine

Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study

(2020) Corrado Campochiaro et al.   European Journal of Internal Medicine

Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

(2020) Yang Cao et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Safety and efficacy of early high-dose IV anakinra in severe COVID-19 lung disease

(2020) Emanuele Pontali et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience

(2020) Pan Luo et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Elevated Interleukin‐6 and Severe COVID‐19: A Meta‐Analysis

(2020) Muhammad Aziz et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

COVID‐19 pneumonia treated with Sarilumab: a clinical series of eight patients

(2020) Maurizio Benucci et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Off‐label Use of Tocilizumab in Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection

(2020) Simona Di Giambenedetto et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed

(2020) Marc Feldmann et al.   LANCET

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

(2020) Puja Mehta et al.   LANCET

Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab

(2020) Xiaoling Xu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients

(2020) Yonggang Zhou et al.   National Science Review

Targeting IL-1, IL-6 or GM-CSF in COVID-19. Response to: ‘More evidences on which biologic and which pathway is key in severe-critical COVID-19 pneumonia’ by Ferraccioli

(2020) Emanuel Della-Torre et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Interleukin-6 blockade with sarilumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with systemic hyperinflammation: an open-label cohort study

(2020) Emanuel Della-Torre et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Prevalence, Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Invasively Ventilated COVID-19 Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy

(2020) Evgeny V. Fominskiy et al.   BLOOD PURIFICATION

Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy

(2020) Fabio Ciceri et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Pharmaco-Immunomodulatory Therapy in COVID-19

(2020) John G. Rizk et al.   DRUGS

Early administration of Interleukin-6 inhibitors for patients with severe Covid-19 disease is associated with decreased intubation, reduced mortality, and increased discharge

(2020) Pranay Sinha et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Beneficial impact of Baricitinib in COVID-19 moderate pneumonia; multicentre study

(2020) Fabrizio Cantini et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: Characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up

(2020) Lang Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Low prevalence of arrhythmias in clinically stable COVID‐19 patients

(2020) Simone Sala et al.   PACE-PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

COVID-19: pharmacology and kinetics of viral clearance

(2020) Nicola Farina et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Baricitinib: A Review of Pharmacology, Safety, and Emerging Clinical Experience in COVID‐19

(2020) Sarah C.J. Jorgensen et al.   PHARMACOTHERAPY

Use of Anakinra to Prevent Mechanical Ventilation in Severe COVID‐19: A Case Series

(2020) Iris Navarro‐Millán et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies

(2020) Aldo Bonaventura et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Targeting the Immune System for Pulmonary Inflammation and Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Patients

(2020) Serena Colafrancesco et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies

(2020) Yujun Tang et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

The COVID-19 Cytokine Storm; What We Know So Far

(2020) Dina Ragab et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Current treatment options and safety considerations when treating adult-onset Still’s disease

(2020) Giulio Cavalli et al.   Expert Opinion On Drug Safety

IL‐18 and infections: Is there a role for targeted therapies?

(2020) Alessandra Vecchié et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19

(2020) John H. Stone et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

(2020) Qian Zhang et al.   SCIENCE

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

(2020) Paul Bastard et al.   SCIENCE

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

(2020) Olivier Hermine et al.   JAMA Internal Medicine

Targeting Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Signaling in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Future Prospects

(2019) Chiara Crotti et al.   DRUGS

Benefit of Anakinra in Treating Pediatric Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

(2019) Esraa M. Eloseily et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

GM-CSF-Dependent Inflammatory Pathways

(2019) John A. Hamilton   Frontiers in Immunology

Management of cytokine release syndrome related to CAR-T cell therapy

(2019) Hongli Chen et al.   Frontiers of Medicine

Efficacy and improved tolerability of combination therapy with interleukin-1 blockade and MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of Erdheim-Chester disease

(2019) Corrado Campochiaro et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

(2018) Waleed H. Mahallawi et al.   CYTOKINE

FDA Approval Summary: Tocilizumab for Treatment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell‐Induced Severe or Life‐Threatening Cytokine Release Syndrome

(2018) Robert Q. Le et al.   ONCOLOGIST

Treating Heart Inflammation With Interleukin-1 Blockade in a Case of Erdheim–Chester Disease

(2018) Alessandro Tomelleri et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Interleukin-1 Inhibition

(2018) Giacomo De Luca et al.   ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

GM-CSF inhibition reduces cytokine release syndrome and neuroinflammation but enhances CAR-T cell function in xenografts

(2018) Rosalie M. Sterner et al.   BLOOD

Anakinra Therapy for Non-cancer Inflammatory Diseases

(2018) Giulio Cavalli et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Alarmins: Feel the Stress

(2017) Peleg Rider et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

(2017)   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Trial of Tocilizumab in Giant-Cell Arteritis

(2017) John H. Stone et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Response to Interleukin-1 Inhibitors in 140 Italian Patients with Adult-Onset Still’s Disease: A Multicentre Retrospective Observational Study

(2017) Serena Colafrancesco et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Interleukin-1 Receptor Blockade Rescues Myocarditis-Associated End-Stage Heart Failure

(2017) Giulio Cavalli et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Tocilizumab in patients with multisystem Erdheim–Chester disease

(2017) Alvise Berti et al.   OncoImmunology

Efficacy and safety of sarilumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (MONARCH): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase III trial

(2016) Gerd R Burmester et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Treating Life-Threatening Myocarditis by Blocking Interleukin-1*

(2016) Giulio Cavalli et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Interleukin-1 Receptor Blockade Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in Sepsis Patients With Features of Macrophage Activation Syndrome

(2016) Bita Shakoory et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Immunotherapeutic implications of IL-6 blockade for cytokine storm

(2016) Toshio Tanaka et al.   Immunotherapy

Macrophage activation syndrome in the era of biologic therapy

(2016) Alexei A. Grom et al.   Nature Reviews Rheumatology

Autoimmune vitiligo is associated with gain-of-function by a transcriptional regulator that elevates expression ofHLA-A*02:01in vivo

(2016) Masahiro Hayashi et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MHC class II super-enhancer increases surface expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ and affects cytokine production in autoimmune vitiligo

(2016) Giulio Cavalli et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2016 Classification Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborat

(2016) Angelo Ravelli et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

Comparative Safety of Interleukin-1 Blockade With Anakinra in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (from the VCU-ART and VCU-ART2 Pilot Studies)

(2015) Antonio Abbate et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY

Treating Pulmonary Silicosis by Blocking Interleukin 1

(2015) Giulio Cavalli et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Giant cell arteritis restricted to the limb arteries: An overlooked clinical entity

(2015) Alvise Berti et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Pivotal Roles of GM-CSF in Autoimmunity and Inflammation

(2015) Aoi Shiomi et al.   MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

Treating rheumatological diseases and co-morbidities with interleukin-1 blocking therapies

(2015) Giulio Cavalli et al.   RHEUMATOLOGY

Efficacy and safety of biological agents in adult-onset Still’s disease

(2015) G Cavalli et al.   SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY

Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome

(2014) D. W. Lee et al.   BLOOD

Janus kinase inhibitors in autoimmune diseases

(2013) John J O'Shea et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Randomized Trial of Tocilizumab in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

(2012) Fabrizio De Benedetti et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Mavrilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting GM-CSF receptor- , in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I, first-in-human study

(2011) G. R. Burmester et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases

(2011) C. A. Dinarello   BLOOD

Anti-inflammatory activity and neutrophil reductions mediated by the JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor, CP-690,550, in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis

(2010) Debra M Meyer et al.   Journal of Inflammation-London

Immunological and Inflammatory Functions of the Interleukin-1 Family

(2009) Charles A. Dinarello   Annual Review of Immunology

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a primary immunodeficiency of impaired GM-CSF stimulation of macrophages

(2009) Bruce C Trapnell et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY

Modulation of TNF- -converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-  production and facilitates viral entry

(2008) S. Haga et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA