TMPRSS2 and furin are both essential for proteolytic activation of SARS-CoV-2 in human airway cells

The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade

(2020) B. Coutard et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

(2020) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells

(2020) Shutoku Matsuyama et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TMPRSS2 contributes to virus spread and immunopathology in the airways of murine models after coronavirus infection

(2019) Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the Proprotein Convertase Furin

(2019) Thuy Van Lam van et al.   ChemMedChem

TMPRSS2 is the major activating protease of influenza A virus in primary human airway cells and influenza B virus in human type II pneumocytes

(2019) Hannah Limburg et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Fibrinolysis Inhibitors: Potential Drugs for the Treatment and Prevention of Bleeding

(2019) Torsten Steinmetzer et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

The S2 Subunit of QX-type Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Spike Protein Is an Essential Determinant of Neurotropism

(2019) Jinlong Cheng et al.   Viruses-Basel

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein is not activated directly by cellular furin during viral entry into target cells

(2018) Shutoku Matsuyama et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Wild-type human coronaviruses prefer cell-surface TMPRSS2 to endosomal cathepsins for cell entry

(2018) Kazuya Shirato et al.   VIROLOGY

Entry, Replication, Immune Evasion, and Neurotoxicity of Synthetically Engineered Bat-Borne Mumps Virus

(2018) Nadine Krüger et al.   Cell Reports

Clinical Isolates of Human Coronavirus 229E Bypass the Endosome for Cell Entry

(2016) Kazuya Shirato et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer

(2016) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   NATURE

Proteolytic processing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spikes expands virus tropism

(2016) Jung-Eun Park et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry

(2015) Yanchen Zhou et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Peptidomimetic furin inhibitor MI-701 in combination with oseltamivir and ribavirin efficiently blocks propagation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and delays high level oseltamivir resistance in MDCK cells

(2015) Yinghui Lu et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Novel Furin Inhibitors with Potent Anti-infectious Activity

(2015) Kornelia Hardes et al.   ChemMedChem

Influenza virus activating host proteases: Identification, localization and inhibitors as potential therapeutics

(2015) Wolfgang Garten et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Host cell proteases: Critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis

(2015) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Inhibition of Proprotein Convertases Abrogates Processing of the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein in Infected Cells but Does Not Reduce Viral Infectivity

(2014) S. Gierer et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

TMPRSS2 Is a Host Factor That Is Essential for Pneumotropism and Pathogenicity of H7N9 Influenza A Virus in Mice

(2014) C. Tarnow et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The Host Protease TMPRSS2 Plays a Major Role in In Vivo Replication of Emerging H7N9 and Seasonal Influenza Viruses

(2014) K. Sakai et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein

(2014) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Coronavirus Cell Entry Occurs through the Endo-/Lysosomal Pathway in a Proteolysis-Dependent Manner

(2014) Christine Burkard et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorogenic substrates of coagulation factor XIII-A

(2013) Kornelia Hardes et al.   ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Identification of the first synthetic inhibitors of the type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 suitable for inhibition of influenza virus activation

(2013) Daniela Meyer et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Mediated by the Transmembrane Serine Protease TMPRSS2

(2013) Kazuya Shirato et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Tmprss2 Is Essential for Influenza H1N1 Virus Pathogenesis in Mice

(2013) Bastian Hatesuer et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Simultaneous Treatment of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells with Serine and Cysteine Protease Inhibitors Prevents Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Entry

(2012) M. Kawase et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Matriptase, HAT, and TMPRSS2 Activate the Hemagglutinin of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses

(2012) Joanna Baron et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Hemagglutinin activating host cell proteases provide promising drug targets for the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections

(2012) Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser et al.   VACCINE

Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence

(2012) Taylor Heald-Sargent et al.   Viruses-Basel

New 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived inhibitors of matriptase

(2012) Maya Hammami et al.   MedChemComm

Inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in piglets by a peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomer

(2011) Tanja Opriessnig et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Aprotinin and similar protease inhibitors as drugs against influenza

(2011) O.P. Zhirnov et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Morpholinos and their peptide conjugates: Therapeutic promise and challenge for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

(2010) Hong M. Moulton et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES

Inhibition of Influenza Virus Infection in Human Airway Cell Cultures by an Antisense Peptide-Conjugated Morpholino Oligomer Targeting the Hemagglutinin-Activating Protease TMPRSS2

(2010) E. Bottcher-Friebertshauser et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases

(2009) Thomas H. Bugge et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Characterization of a Highly Conserved Domain within the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein S2 Domain with Characteristics of a Viral Fusion Peptide

(2009) I. G. Madu et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites

(2009) S. Belouzard et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Inhibition of influenza A H3N8 virus infections in mice by morpholino oligomers

(2008) Christopher Lupfer et al.   ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY

Inhibition of RNA Virus Infections with Peptide-Conjugated Morpholino Oligomers

(2008) David Stein   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

Morpholino oligomers targeting the PB1 and NP genes enhance the survival of mice infected with highly pathogenic influenza A H7N7 virus

(2008) G. Gabriel et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Cathepsin L Functionally Cleaves the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Class I Fusion Protein Upstream of Rather than Adjacent to the Fusion Peptide

(2008) B. J. Bosch et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections With Morpholino Oligomers in Cell Cultures and in Mice

(2008) Shen-Hao Lai et al.   MOLECULAR THERAPY