Autophagy as an emerging target for COVID-19: lessons from an old friend, chloroquine

Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro

(2020) Manli Wang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review

(2020) Lei Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

(2020) Chaolin Huang et al.   LANCET

Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

(2020) Guangdi Li et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology

(2020) Eva Schrezenmeier et al.   Nature Reviews Rheumatology

First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States

(2020) Michelle L. Holshue et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

(2020) Na Zhu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

(2020) Zhe Xu et al.   Lancet Respiratory Medicine

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science

(2020) Nicolas Vabret et al.   IMMUNITY

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial

(2020) Philippe Gautret et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression

(2020) Dan Zhou et al.   JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

(2020) Fei Zhou et al.   LANCET

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

(2020) Puja Mehta et al.   LANCET

Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins

(2020) Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam et al.   NATURE

The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin

(2020) Ehud Chorin et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

(2020) Joshua Geleris et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies

(2020) Jianjun Gao et al.   BioScience Trends

Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients

(2020) Yonggang Zhou et al.   National Science Review

Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Yadi Zhou et al.   Cell Discovery

A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19

(2020) David R. Boulware et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

(2020) Mayla Gabriela Silva Borba et al.   JAMA Network Open

Structural basis for human coronavirus attachment to sialic acid receptors

(2019) M. Alejandra Tortorici et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Lysosomes as a therapeutic target

(2019) Srinivasa Reddy Bonam et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

An evaluation of Chloroquine as a broad-acting antiviral against Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

(2018) Yong Wah Tan et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Potential Chronotherapeutic Optimization of Antimalarials in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression Dependent on the Circadian Cycle in Humans?

(2018) Erika Aurora Martínez-García et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

(2016) Daniel J Klionsky et al.   Autophagy

Hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy in a patient with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

(2016) Amr Abdin et al.   Clinical Research in Cardiology

Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(2016) Konstantinos Tselios et al.   JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY

Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions

(2015) Makoto Ujike et al.   Viruses-Basel

Acidic extracellular pH neutralizes the autophagy-inhibiting activity of chloroquine

(2014) Paola Pellegrini et al.   Autophagy

Pharmacological regulators of autophagy and their link with modulators of lupus disease

(2014) Frédéric Gros et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Effect of toll-like receptor 7 and 9 targeted therapy to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

(2014) Fatma E. Mohamed et al.   LIVER INTERNATIONAL

Azithromycin blocks autophagy and may predispose cystic fibrosis patients to mycobacterial infection

(2011) Maurizio Renna et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Mechanism of Endosomal TLR Inhibition by Antimalarial Drugs and Imidazoquinolines

(2011) A. Kuznik et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Cleavage and Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein by Human Airway Trypsin-Like Protease

(2011) S. Bertram et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Chloroquine and its analogs: A new promise of an old drug for effective and safe cancer therapies

(2009) V. Raja Solomon et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY