Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Simin Emamzadeh Yazdi, Heino Martin Heyman, Gerhard Prinsloo, Thomas Klimkait, Jacobus Johannes Marion Meyer
Summary: This study identified biomarkers for anti-HIV activity in Helichrysum species using metabolomics, and revealed the differences in chemical composition associated with anti-HIV activity.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao-Dong Yang, Zhi-Shu Tang, Tao-Tao Xue, Ya-Ya Zhu, Zeng-Hu Su, Hong-Bo Xu
Summary: This study isolated new acyl-quinic acids (AQAs) from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and revealed their significant inhibitory activities on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The unique structures and potential medicinal properties of these compounds provide valuable insights for the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pedro Mena, Letizia Bresciani, Michele Tassotti, Alice Rosi, Daniela Martini, Monica Antonini, Alessandra Dei Cas, Riccardo Bonadonna, Furio Brighenti, Daniele Del Rio
Summary: Coffee consumption is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, and this study investigated the impact of different daily dosages of coffee on plasma and urinary phenolic metabolites. The study found significant differences in the metabolites present in the highest amounts after different patterns of coffee consumption, suggesting that coffee phenolics are more bioavailable than previously thought.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shaohua Liang, Quan Zhao, Xianzhi Wei, Cong Sun
Summary: In this study, chlorogenic oleate (CGO) was efficiently synthesized through acylation of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and oleoyl chloride. By optimizing the reaction conditions, the researchers successfully obtained a high purity product. The best synthesis conditions, including substrate molar ratio, adding method, reaction time, and temperature, were determined through experiments.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Egle Valanciene, Naglis Malys
Summary: Hydroxycinnamoyl-quinic acids (HCQAs) are polyphenol esters synthesized by plants and micro-organisms, exhibiting important therapeutic properties. However, the complex extraction process and costly precursors limit the industrial production and availability of HCQAs. The bioconversion production method is still in its early stage of development.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karimi S. Gebara, Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior, Rhanany A. C. Palozi, Christine Morand, Carla I. Bonetti, Paula T. Gozzi, Martha R. F. de Mello, Telma A. Costa, Euclides L. Cardozo Junior
Summary: The study found that consuming mate CGAs did not significantly affect most cardiometabolic risk parameters, but did show a decrease in fasting glucose and an increase in HDL-c levels in some subjects. Furthermore, in a subgroup of the study population, significant decreases in CRP and IL-6 levels were observed.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Di Pede, Pedro Mena, Letizia Bresciani, Mariem Achour, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos, Ramon Estruch, Rikard Landberg, Sabine E. Kulling, David Wishart, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Michael N. Clifford, Alan Crozier, Claudine Manach, Daniele Del Rio
Summary: This work systematically assessed the pharmacokinetics, urinary recovery, and bioavailability of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and their metabolites. It was found that C-6-C-3 cinnamic acids, such as caffeic and ferulic acid, had the highest blood concentrations, while their excretion in urine was lower than hydroxybenzene catabolites. A comprehensive study investigating the ADME of HCAs from different dietary sources is urgently required.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Xiubin Li, Catherine Sivignon, Pedro da Silva, Yvan Rahbe, Yves Queneau, Sylvie Moebs-Sanchez
Summary: Four analogs of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, including a new heterodiester of 4-deoxyquinic acid, were found toxic against the pea aphid. Through an assay on pea aphid nymphs, interesting indications on the structure-aphicidal activity relationships and higher levels of toxicity were observed for four compounds related to the reference natural compound.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
G. Juarez, M. Sanz-Novo, R. Aguado, J. L. Alonso, I Leon, E. R. Alonso
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive conformational analysis of caffeic acid using laser ablation chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The entire conformational space of caffeic acid is deciphered based on rotational constants and theoretical computations. The research demonstrates the importance of rotational spectroscopy in distinguishing between conformers with minimal structural differences and provides structural information that can contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying the biological and pharmacological activity of hydroxycinnamic acids.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shan Wang, Yue Li, Xiangyong Meng, Shangwei Chen, Dejian Huang, Yongmei Xia, Song Zhu
Summary: In this study, chlorogenic acid was acylated with different carbon chain lengths to produce derivatives with varying lipophilicities, which were found to have enhanced antioxidant activities in cellular antioxidant activity tests. The results indicated that the lipophilicities of the derivatives positively correlated with their digestive stabilities and cellular antioxidant activities. Among the derivatives, C12-CA exhibited the best antioxidant activity with a significantly lower effective dose compared to CA.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lei He, Donglin Feng, Hui Guo, Yueyuan Zhou, Zhaozhao Li, Kuo Zhang, Wangqian Zhang, Shuning Wang, Zhaowei Wang, Qiang Hao, Cun Zhang, Yuan Gao, Jintao Gu, Yingqi Zhang, Weina Li, Meng Li
Summary: This study provides the first analysis of the pharmacokinetics of BPC157, showing linear pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats and beagle dogs. The main excretory pathways of BPC157 were found to be urine and bile. These findings are important for the clinical translation of BPC157.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olga I. Butranova, Elena A. Ushkalova, Sergey K. Zyryanov, Mikhail S. Chenkurov, Elena A. Baybulatova
Summary: Infections pose significant risks for elderly patients, with high consumption of antimicrobial agents leading to increased toxicity, organ deterioration, longer hospital stays, ICU admissions, disability, and even death. The efficacy and safety of antibiotics in the elderly are influenced by age-related changes in physiological and pathological factors, affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacokinetic changes in elderly patients are also influenced by factors like body composition, nutritional status, and concomitant drug use. Understanding these age-related pharmacokinetic alterations is crucial for optimizing antibiotic therapy in the elderly.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Vicente Agullo, Diego A. Moreno, Raul Dominguez-Perles, Cristina Garcia-Viguera
Summary: This article reviews the contribution of different experimental approaches to the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of (poly)phenols, and discusses the association between healthy/functional foods and the incidence of non-communicable diseases.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shanoo Suroowan, Hassan Hadi Abdallah, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
Summary: Herbal and conventional medicine combination can be potentially dangerous, leading to perilous herb-drug interactions and toxicity. Different plant species have different pharmacological properties, and should not be mixed with drugs having the same properties. Herbal medicines should be used at low doses for a short period of time and under the supervision of healthcare professionals to avoid potential adverse and toxic effects.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kang-Yu Peng, Malinda Salim, Joseph Pelle, Gisela Ramirez, Ben J. Boyd
Summary: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and other mass spectrometric technologies have been widely used for triacylglycerol profiling. One challenge in targeted identification of fatty acyl moieties in triacylglycerol species is the numerous combinations of 3 fatty acyl groups. TAILOR-MS, a Python package developed in this study, aims to assist in generating targeted LC/MS methods for triacylglycerol detection and automating triacylglycerol structural determination and prediction. The results of LC/MS triacylglycerol profiling of bovine milk and infant formula revealed differences in triacylglycerol composition, with TAILOR-MS significantly improving the efficiency of triacylglycerol structural identification.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rizliya Visvanathan, Gary Williamson
Summary: This review evaluates the mechanisms by which citrus (poly)phenols affect markers of type 2 diabetes. Animal studies suggest that long-term effects are more significant than acute effects. Citrus (poly)phenol metabolites have notable effects on hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, but a modest effect on digestion and sugar absorption in the gut. In vitro studies often use unrealistically high concentrations and forms of compounds, compromising physiological relevance. Future research should consider concentration and the role of gut microbiota catabolites in the action of citrus (poly)phenols.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Maite Dominguez-Fernandez, Paul Young Tie Yang, Iziar A. Ludwig, Michael N. Clifford, Concepcion Cid, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
Summary: Artichokes are a rich source of polyphenols, with little known about their bioavailability. This study investigated the absorption, metabolism and excretion of polyphenols after sous-vide artichoke consumption by healthy volunteers. The major metabolites identified in plasma were 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-sulfate, and 4'-hydroxycinnamic acid-3'-sulfate.
Article
Dermatology
Nisamanee Charoenchon, Lesley E. Rhodes, Anna Nicolaou, Gary Williamson, Rachel E. B. Watson, Mark D. Farrar
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea catechins (GTCs) on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced changes to the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM). The results showed that UVR exposure significantly altered the human dermal collagen and elastic fibre networks, while oral GTC supplementation protected against changes in fibulin-5. These findings suggest that GTCs may have potential protective effects against UVR-induced damage to the skin.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Gary Williamson
Summary: Dietary polyphenols can interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after eating or drinking. For example, apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits glucose transporter-1 and is converted to phloretin in the intestinal lumen, which can effectively inhibit glucose transporter-2. As a result, an apple extract rich in phlorizin can lower blood glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals after consuming glucose challenge. However, the olive phenolic oleuropein inhibits glucose transporter-2, but its inhibition strength is not enough to modulate blood glucose in healthy volunteers after glucose challenge. In addition, little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on secondary effects induced by glucose consumption, apart from their postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Michael N. Clifford, Nikolai Kuhnert
Summary: This review focuses on the LC-MS characterization and quantification of dietary (poly)phenols and their metabolites, highlighting common errors, omissions, and misunderstandings in published papers and suggesting strategies for their avoidance.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Margaret Murray, Melinda T. Coughlan, Anne Gibbon, Vinod Kumar, Francine Z. Marques, Sophie Selby-Pham, Matthew Snelson, Kirill Tsyganov, Gary Williamson, Trent M. Woodruff, Tong Wu, Louise E. Bennett
Summary: High-heat processed foods containing resistant proteins can lead to microbial fermentation and produce metabolites that may increase the risk of chronic diseases. This study used pigs as a model and found that a resistant protein diet altered the microbiome composition and resulted in higher levels of inflammation and the potential risk of chronic kidney disease.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juanita J. Fewkes, Nicole J. Kellow, Stephanie F. Cowan, Gary Williamson, Aimee L. Dordevic
Summary: A single high-fat meal adversely affects endothelial function, with younger, healthy-weight individuals experiencing a greater reduction. The percentage of fat in the meal is inversely associated with the magnitude of endothelial function changes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Di Pede, Pedro Mena, Letizia Bresciani, Tahani M. Almutairi, Daniele Del Rio, Michael N. Clifford, Alan Crozier
Summary: Understanding the fate of ingested polyphenols is important for understanding the benefits of a fruit and vegetable-based diet. This review focuses on the transformation of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins by colon microbiota, as well as the metabolism of theaflavins and gut microbiota catabolites. Analytical challenges and strategies are discussed.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rizliya Visvanathan, Gary Williamson
Summary: The consumption of citrus fruits has been linked to various health-promoting effects. However, the absorption and metabolism of citrus (poly)phenols are influenced by multiple factors, including age, sex, gut microbiota, and food. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the absorption and metabolism of citrus (poly)phenols.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Michael N. Clifford, Laurence J. King, Asimina Kerimi, Maria Gema Pereira-Caro, Gary Williamson
Summary: This review discusses the modulation of gut microbiota and endogenous beta-oxidation by phenyl-ring substitution and flux in omega-phenyl-alkenoic acids. Different types of omega-phenyl-alkenoic acids have different metabolic pathways and substrate characteristics, which may be related to limited pools of coenzyme A and metabolic regulation in the body.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Margaret Murray, Christopher K. K. Barlow, Scott Blundell, Mark Buecking, Anne Gibbon, Bernd Goeckener, Lisa M. M. Kaminskas, Patricia Leitner, Sophie Selby-Pham, Andrew Sinclair, Habtewold D. D. Waktola, Gary Williamson, Louise E. E. Bennett
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and mental health using C-14 radiolabeling. The results suggest that the fermentation of amino acids by gut microbiota may lead to the production of harmful metabolites and disturb the availability of neurotransmitter precursors to the brain. The significance of this research lies in providing a better understanding of the impact of diet on mental health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Katie Treasure, James Harris, Gary Williamson
Summary: Dysregulation of innate immune responses can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids are effective but come with serious side effects. Sulforaphane, derived from plants of the brassica family, has shown potential as an alternative therapy due to its induction of detoxification enzymes and anti-inflammatory properties. It may also have steroid-sparing activity, making it a promising adjunctive treatment. Further research is needed to fully understand its clinical applications.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Aimee L. Dordevic, Gary Williamson
Summary: Despite differences in study design, common gene changes are identified in PBMCs following a high fat meal. These common genes and processes will facilitate definition of the postprandial transcriptome as part of the overall postcibalome, linking all molecules and processes that change in the blood after a meal.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mena Farazi, Michael J. Houghton, Margaret Murray, Gary Williamson
Summary: An elevated postprandial glycaemic response is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nuts have the potential to inhibit alpha-glucosidases through their content of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. However, there is a lack of studies on the inhibitory potential of nut extracts against human alpha-glucosidases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Macia, Maria-Paz Romero, Anna Pedret, Rosa Sola, Michael N. Clifford, Laura Rubio-Pique
Summary: This study aimed to assess the inter-individual variation in phloretin absorption and metabolism and to seek possible phloretin metabotypes following apple snack consumption. The results showed that there is extensive inter-individual variability in the excretion of phloretin phase-II conjugates, which could be related to factors such as oral microbiota activity and lactase non-persistence trait. The study also found inconsistent effects on post-prandial serum glucose concentrations, with a tendency for decreases to be associated with higher excretion of phloretin phase-II conjugates.