A Catalyst-Free Minisci-Type Reaction: the C-H Alkylation of Quinoxalinones with Sodium Alkylsulfinates and Phenyliodine(III) Dicarboxylates

Phenyliodonium Diacetate Mediated Carbotrifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones

(2019) Wenxuan Xue et al.   Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry

Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Oxyalkylation of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids: Synthesis of γ-Diketones and γ-Ketonitriles

(2019) Yi Li et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Iminyl Radical-Triggered Intermolecular Distal C(sp3)–H Heteroarylation via 1,5-Hydrogen-Atom Transfer (HAT) Cascade

(2019) Yu-Rui Gu et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Copper-Catalyzed C3−H Difluoroacetylation of Quinoxalinones with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate

(2019) Liping Wang et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Direct C(sp 2 )−H Amination to Synthesize Primary 3-aminoquinoxalin-2(1H )-ones under Simple and Mild Conditions

(2019) Qiming Yang et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Metal-Free Direct C-H Cyanoalkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by Organic Photoredox Catalysis

(2019) Wei Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Transition-Metal and Solvent-Free Oxidative C–H Fluoroalkoxylation of Quinoxalinones with Fluoroalkyl Alcohols

(2019) Jun Xu et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Facial Syntheses of Bromobenzothiazines via Catalyst-Free Tandem C–H Amination/Bromination in Water

(2019) Lixin Li et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Visible-Light-Initiated Decarboxylative Alkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Phenyliodine(III) Dicarboxylates in Recyclable Ruthenium(II) Catalytic System

(2019) Long-Yong Xie et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Palladacycle-Phosphine Catalyzed Methylation of Amines and Ketones Using Methanol

(2019) Ramesh Mamidala et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Direct C3 Alkoxylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Alcohols via Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling under Catalyst-Free Conditions

(2019) Qiming Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Lewis Base-Promoted Ring-Opening 1,3-Dioxygenation of Unactivated Cyclopropanes Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent

(2018) Matthew H. Gieuw et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Hypervalent Iodine(III) Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions

(2018) Bo Xing et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Recent advances in hypervalent iodine(III)-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes

(2018) Xiang Li et al.   Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry

Copper-catalyzed Direct C-3 Benzylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Methylarenes under Microwave Irradiation

(2018) Leqian Hu et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Synthesis of dibenzothiazines from sulfides by one-pot N,O-transfer and intramolecular C–H amination

(2018) Yan-Na Ma et al.   GREEN CHEMISTRY

Quinoxalinone as a Privileged Platform in Drug Development

(2018) Leilei Shi et al.   MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Metal-free oxidative coupling of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with arylaldehydes leading to 3-acylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones

(2018) Jin-Wei Yuan et al.   ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY

Metal-Free-Visible Light C–H Alkylation of Heteroaromatics via Hypervalent Iodine-Promoted Decarboxylation

(2018) Julien Genovino et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Direct C–H Cyanoalkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via Radical C–C Bond Cleavage

(2018) Lin Yang et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Catalytic enantioselective Minisci-type addition to heteroarenes

(2018) Rupert S. J. Proctor et al.   SCIENCE

Iodine-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalinones and Indoles: Synthesis of 3-(Indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2-one under Mild and Ambient Conditions

(2018) Sirilata Yotphan et al.   SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART

Visible light photoredox-catalyzed phosphorylation of quinoxalin-2(1 H )-ones

(2018) Yubin Kim et al.   TETRAHEDRON LETTERS

Mn(OAc) 3 *2H 2 O promoted addition of arylboronic acids to quinoxalin-2-ones

(2018) Boora Ramesh et al.   TETRAHEDRON LETTERS

Visible-Light Photoredox Decarboxylation of Perfluoroarene Iodine(III) Trifluoroacetates for C–H Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)arenes

(2018) Bin Yang et al.   ACS Catalysis

Photoredox-Mediated Minisci Alkylation of N-Heteroarenes using Carboxylic Acids and Hypervalent Iodine

(2018) Junhua Wang et al.   Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry

Metal-free direct oxidative C–C bond coupling of pyrazolones and quinoxalinones

(2018) Saowanee Toonchue et al.   Organic Chemistry Frontiers

Cobalt(iii)-catalyzed 1,4-addition of C–H bonds of oximes to maleimides

(2018) Xiangxiang Chen et al.   Organic Chemistry Frontiers

Photocatalyst-free Photoredox Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H )-Ones with Aryldiazo Sulfones

(2018) Hye Im Jung et al.   BULLETIN OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Radical Retrosynthesis

(2018) Joel M. Smith et al.   ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH

Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H )-ones under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions

(2018) Liping Wang et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Synthesis of Spirofurooxindoles via Phenyliodine(III) Bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA)-Mediated Cascade Oxidative C−O and C−C Bond Formation

(2018) Desong Sun et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylation of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic Acid for the Preparation of C(CF3)Me2-Containing Heteroarenes

(2018) Shuai Liu et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Transition-metal-free direct C-3 alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ethers

(2018) Jinwei Yuan et al.   Organic Chemistry Frontiers

[3+2] Cyclization of Azidotrimethylsilane with Quinoxalin-2(1H )-Ones to Synthesize Tetrazolo[1,5-a ]quinoxalin-4(5H )-Ones

(2018) Qiming Yang et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Quinoxalin-2(1H )-ones with Amines for the Synthesis of 3-Aminoquinoxalinones

(2018) Ke-Jing Li et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Photoredox-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of aminoquinolines with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents that contain perfluoroalkanoate

(2018) Junfen Han et al.   CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS

Recent Advances in Methylation: A Guide for Selecting Methylation Reagents

(2018) Yantao Chen   CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

Alkyl Sulfinates: Radical Precursors Enabling Drug Discovery

(2018) Joel M. Smith et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Combination of PhI(OAc)2 and 2-Nitropropane as the Source of Methyl Radical in Room-Temperature Metal-Free Oxidative Decarboxylation/Cyclization: Construction of 6-Methyl Phenanthridines and 1-Methyl Isoquinolines

(2018) Shi-Chao Lu et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Photoinitiated Three-Component α-Perfluoroalkyl-β-heteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes via Electron Catalysis

(2018) Danqing Zheng et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Metal-Free C(sp2)–H/N–H Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalinones with Aliphatic Amines under Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis

(2018) Wei Wei et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Manganese-Catalyzed α-Alkylation of Ketones, Esters, and Amides Using Alcohols

(2018) Subrata Chakraborty et al.   ACS Catalysis

Metal-Free Visible-Light-Induced C–H/C–H Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling of Quinoxalin-2(H)-ones with Simple Ethers

(2018) Wei Wei et al.   ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

Metal-free radical C–H methylation of pyrimidinones and pyridinones with dicumyl peroxide

(2017) Pei-Zhi Zhang et al.   GREEN CHEMISTRY

Iodine-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation: Synthesis of 3-Aminoquinoxalinones under Ambient Conditions

(2017) Abhishek Gupta et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Transition-Metal-Free Trifluoromethylation of Aldehyde Derivatives with Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfinate

(2017) Zheng Tan et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Alkynylation of Ferrocenes with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

(2017) Shao-Bo Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Asymmetric Cu-Catalyzed Intermolecular Trifluoromethylarylation of Styrenes: Enantioselective Arylation of Benzylic Radicals

(2017) Lianqian Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with α-oxo-carboxylic acids

(2017) Xiaobao Zeng et al.   ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY

Transition-Metal-Free Direct C–H Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Diaryliodonium Salts at Room Temperature

(2017) Kun Yin et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Iron-Catalyzed Acyloxyalkylation of Styrenes Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

(2017) Zijia Wang et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Ir(III)-Catalyzed Direct C–H Functionalization of Arylphosphine Oxides: A Strategy for MOP-Type Ligands Synthesis

(2017) Zhong Liu et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Mechanistic Study of Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C–N Cross-Coupling with Hypervalent Iodine Oxidant

(2017) Yi-Nuo Yang et al.   ORGANOMETALLICS

Mild and Direct C–H Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Aryldiazonium Salts under Metal-Free Conditions

(2017) Ronghua Zhang et al.   SYNLETT

Recent Progress on Radical Decarboxylative Alkylation for Csp3–C Bond Formation

(2017) Hongli Bao et al.   SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART

Pyridine sulfinates as general nucleophilic coupling partners in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with aryl halides

(2017) Tim Markovic et al.   Chemical Science

Photocatalytic Radical Alkylation of Electrophilic Olefins by Benzylic and Alkylic Zinc-Sulfinates

(2017) Andrea Gualandi et al.   ACS Catalysis

Facile Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed α-Alkylation of Arylmethyl Nitriles Using Alcohols Enabled by Metal–Ligand Cooperation

(2017) Subramanian Thiyagarajan et al.   ACS Catalysis

Free-radical initiated cascade methylation or trideuteromethylation of isocyanides with dimethyl sulfoxides

(2017) Rui Zhang et al.   RSC Advances

Palladium-catalyzed arene C–H activation/ketone C–H functionalization reaction: route to spirodihydroindenones

(2017) Bo-Sheng Zhang et al.   Organic Chemistry Frontiers

Transition-metal-free radical tri-/difluoromethylation of N,N-dialkylhydrazones with sodium sulfinates

(2017) Xiao Xu et al.   Organic Chemistry Frontiers

Simple and Clean Photo-induced Methylation of Heteroarenes with MeOH

(2017) Wenbo Liu et al.   Chem

Transition-Metal-Free Regioselective Alkylation of Pyridine N -Oxides Using 1,1-Diborylalkanes as Alkylating Reagents

(2016) Woohyun Jo et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Direct phosphonation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under transition-metal-free conditions

(2016) Ming Gao et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations of Alkyl C–H Bonds

(2016) Jian He et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Enabled by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis

(2016) Lianjie Wang et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Oxidative Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade for the Construction of Carbonyl-Containing Quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-Diones

(2016) Shi-Sheng Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Directing Group in Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling: Copper-Catalyzed Site-Selective C–N Bond Formation from Nonactivated Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

(2016) Zhao-Jing Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Radicals: Reactive Intermediates with Translational Potential

(2016) Ming Yan et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Efficient generation of perfluoroalkyl radicals from sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinates and a hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent: mild, metal-free synthesis of perfluoroalkylated organic molecules

(2016) Ryu Sakamoto et al.   ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY

Copper-catalysed oxidative amination of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with aliphatic amines

(2016) Yi Li et al.   ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY

Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Iododifluoroacetate to Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids

(2016) Gang Li et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Metal-Free Oxidative 1,2-Arylmethylation Cascades of N-(Arylsulfonyl)acrylamides Using Peroxides as the Methyl Resource

(2016) Fang-Lin Tan et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Biocatalytic trifluoromethylation of unprotected phenols

(2016) Robert C. Simon et al.   Nature Communications

Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Methylation Reactions

(2015) Guobing Yan et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Alcohols as alkylating agents in heteroarene C–H functionalization

(2015) Jian Jin et al.   NATURE

Functionalization of C–H Bonds via Metal-Catalyzed Desulfitative Coupling: An Alternative Tool for Access to Aryl- or Alkyl-Substituted (Hetero)arenes

(2015) Kedong Yuan et al.   ACS Catalysis

Assisted Tandem Palladium(II)/Palladium(0)-Catalyzed C- and N-Arylations of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones in Water

(2014) Amandine Carrër et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Transition Metal-Free Trifluoromethylation ofN-Allylamides with Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfinate: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Containing Oxazolines

(2014) Jipan Yu et al.   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Application of Langlois’ Reagent in Trifluoromethylation Reactions

(2014) Cai Zhang   ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS

Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Polycyclic Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis

(2014) Zhi He et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Radical CH Functionalization of Heteroarenes under Electrochemical Control

(2014) Alexander G. O'Brien et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Silver-Catalyzed Double [3+2] Cyclization of α-Imino Esters with Isocyanoacetate

(2014) Pan-Lin Shao et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Simple Sulfinate Synthesis Enables CH Trifluoromethylcyclopropanation

(2014) Ryan Gianatassio et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Methylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with PhI(OAc)2

(2014) Yuyu Jiang et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Synthesis of 6-substituted phenanthridines by metal-free, visible-light induced aerobic oxidative cyclization of 2-isocyanobiphenyls with hydrazines

(2014) Tiebo Xiao et al.   GREEN CHEMISTRY

A Simple Litmus Test for Aldehyde Oxidase Metabolism of Heteroarenes

(2014) Fionn O’Hara et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

C–H Methylation of Heteroarenes Inspired by Radical SAM Methyl Transferase

(2014) Jinghan Gui et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Profound Methyl Effects in Drug Discovery and a Call for New CH Methylation Reactions

(2013) Heike Schönherr et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Direct Synthesis of Fluorinated Heteroarylether Bioisosteres

(2013) Qianghui Zhou et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Metal-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Heterocycles with Aldehydes

(2013) Kiran Matcha et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

A room temperature decarboxylation/C–H functionalization cascade by visible-light photoredox catalysis

(2013) Jin Xie et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Quinoxaline Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors

(2013) Bobin Wu et al.   ChemMedChem

Alkene Oxyalkylation Enabled by Merging Rhenium Catalysis with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents via Decarboxylation

(2013) Yin Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Radical-Based Regioselective C–H Functionalization of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes: Scope, Tunability, and Predictability

(2013) Fionn O’Hara et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Preparation and purification of zinc sulfinate reagents for drug discovery

(2013) Fionn O'Hara et al.   Nature Protocols

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Arylboronic Acids

(2013) Amandine Carrër et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Copper- and Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Tri- and Difluoromethylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with CF3SO2Na and (CF2HSO2)2Zn via a Radical Process

(2013) Zejiang Li et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative Cross-Coupling Reaction of Sodium Sulfinates with Benzyl Chlorides

(2013) Feng Zhao et al.   ORGANIC LETTERS

In situ kinetic studies of the trifluoromethylation of caffeine with Zn(SO2CF3)2

(2013) Ryan D. Baxter et al.   TETRAHEDRON

Exploration of Forbidden Povarov Processes as a Source of Unexpected Reactivity: A Multicomponent Mannich-Ritter Transformation

(2012) Sara Preciado et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

C–C, C–O and C–N bond formation via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed oxidative C–H activation

(2012) Guoyong Song et al.   CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS

Methyl Effects on Protein–Ligand Binding

(2012) Cheryl S. Leung et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

A New Reagent for Direct Difluoromethylation

(2012) Yuta Fujiwara et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Practical and innate carbon–hydrogen functionalization of heterocycles

(2012) Yuta Fujiwara et al.   NATURE

Organocatalyzed arylalkylation of activated alkenes via decarboxylation of PhI(O2CR)2: efficient synthesis of oxindoles

(2012) Tao Wu et al.   TETRAHEDRON

Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Asymmetric Reactions

(2011) Huan Liang et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

The Methylation Effect in Medicinal Chemistry

(2011) Eliezer J. Barreiro et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Catalytic Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling: Forming Carbon−Carbon Bonds by Oxidizing Two Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds

(2011) Charles S. Yeung et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Innate C-H trifluoromethylation of heterocycles

(2011) Y. Ji et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Minisci reactions: Versatile CH-functionalizations for medicinal chemists

(2011) Matthew A. J. Duncton   MedChemComm

Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Syntheses of 2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-ones and Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones through Capturing S and N Atom Respectively from AcSH and TsNH2

(2010) Dingben Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Diaryliodonium Salts: A Journey from Obscurity to Fame

(2009) Eleanor���A. Merritt et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

DNA methylation by dimethyl sulfoxide and methionine sulfoxide triggered by hydroxyl radical and implications for epigenetic modifications

(2009) Kazuaki Kawai et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Hypervalent iodine reagents as a new entrance to organocatalysts

(2009) Toshifumi Dohi et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidation of alcohols

(2009) Muhammet Uyanik et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Rhodium-Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation via Heteroatom-Directed C−H Bond Activation

(2009) Denise A. Colby et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Methylation of 2′-Deoxyguanosine by a Free Radical Mechanism

(2009) Conor Crean et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B

Chemistry of Polyvalent Iodine

(2008) Viktor V. Zhdankin et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Catalytic Version of and Reuse in Hypervalent Organo-λ3- and -λ5-iodane Oxidation

(2008) Masahito Ochiai et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Iminyl Radicals from α-Azidoo-Iodoanilides via 1,5-H Transfer Reactions of Aryl Radicals: New Transformation of α-Azido Acids to Decarboxylated Nitriles

(2008) Giorgio Bencivenni et al.   JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY