Cellular functions of cGAS-STING signaling

STING orchestrates the crosstalk between polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory responses

(2022) Isabelle K. Vila et al.   Cell Metabolism

The cGAS–STING pathway drives type I IFN immunopathology in COVID-19

(2022) Jeremy Di Domizio et al.   NATURE

The volume-regulated anion channel LRRC8C suppresses T cell function by regulating cyclic dinucleotide transport and STING–p53 signaling

(2022) Axel R. Concepcion et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

A distinct role of STING in regulating glucose homeostasis through insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion

(2022) Jingting Qiao et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

STING controls energy stress-induced autophagy and energy metabolism via STX17

(2022) Yueguang Rong et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

A non-canonical cGAS–STING–PERK pathway facilitates the translational program critical for senescence and organ fibrosis

(2022) Dan Zhang et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Deficiency in coatomer complex I causes aberrant activation of STING signalling

(2022) Annemarie Steiner et al.   Nature Communications

Chemical regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway

(2022) Qian Zhang et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY

Varicella‐Zoster virus ORF9 is an antagonist of the DNA sensor cGAS

(2022) Jonny Hertzog et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

cGAS–STING drives the IL-6-dependent survival of chromosomally instable cancers

(2022) Christy Hong et al.   NATURE

Activating STING1-dependent immune signaling in TP53 mutant and wild-type acute myeloid leukemia

(2022) Aksinija A. Kogan et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Targeting STING to promote antitumor immunity

(2022) Emily N. Chin et al.   TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY

STING-induced regulatory B cells compromise NK function in cancer immunity

(2022) Sirui Li et al.   NATURE

Clathrin-associated AP-1 controls termination of STING signalling

(2022) Ying Liu et al.   NATURE

AMPK directly phosphorylates TBK1 to integrate glucose sensing into innate immunity

(2022) Qian Zhang et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Homeostatic regulation of STING by retrograde membrane traffic to the ER

(2021) Kojiro Mukai et al.   Nature Communications

Mutant p53 suppresses innate immune signaling to promote tumorigenesis

(2021) Monisankar Ghosh et al.   CANCER CELL

Autophagy in inflammation, infection, and immunometabolism

(2021) Vojo Deretic   IMMUNITY

cGAS phase separation inhibits TREX1-mediated DNA degradation and enhances cytosolic DNA sensing

(2021) Wen Zhou et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Prolonged activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist

(2021) Suxin Li et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

NAD + supplementation prevents STING‐induced senescence in ataxia telangiectasia by improving mitophagy

(2021) Beimeng Yang et al.   AGING CELL

IRF3 reduces adipose thermogenesis via ISG15-mediated reprogramming of glycolysis

(2021) Shuai Yan et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Viral tegument proteins restrict cGAS-DNA phase separation to mediate immune evasion

(2021) Guangjun Xu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

The STING phase-separator suppresses innate immune signalling

(2021) Xiaoyu Yu et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

TBK1 recruitment to STING activates both IRF3 and NF-κB that mediate immune defense against tumors and viral infections

(2021) Seoyun Yum et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A diamidobenzimidazole STING agonist protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) Fiachra Humphries et al.   Science Immunology

Pharmacological activation of STING blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) Minghua Li et al.   Science Immunology

The innate immune kinase TBK1 directly increases mTORC2 activity and downstream signaling to Akt

(2021) Aaron Seth Tooley et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Translation stress and collided ribosomes are co-activators of cGAS

(2021) Li Wan et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Induced phase separation of mutant NF2 imprisons the cGAS-STING machinery to abrogate antitumor immunity

(2021) Fansen Meng et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Tonic prime-boost of STING signalling mediates Niemann–Pick disease type C

(2021) Ting-Ting Chu et al.   NATURE

Cooperative DNA binding mediated by KicGAS/ORF52 oligomerization allows inhibition of DNA-induced phase separation and activation of cGAS

(2021) Debipreeta Bhowmik et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

NAD+ supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via cGAS–STING

(2021) Yujun Hou et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A non-canonical, interferon-independent signaling activity of cGAMP triggers DNA damage response signaling

(2021) Daipayan Banerjee et al.   Nature Communications

TNF leads to mtDNA release and cGAS/STING-dependent interferon responses that support inflammatory arthritis

(2021) Joschka Willemsen et al.   Cell Reports

Single-Chromosomal Gains Can Function as Metastasis Suppressors and Promoters in Colon Cancer

(2020) Anand Vasudevan et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL CELL

Mitochondrial DNA stress triggers autophagy-dependent ferroptotic death

(2020) Changfeng Li et al.   Autophagy

STING is an essential regulator of heart inflammation and fibrosis in mice with pathological cardiac hypertrophy via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress

(2020) Yan Zhang et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS–STING signalling

(2020) Karl-Peter Hopfner et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Interferon-Independent Activities of Mammalian STING Mediate Antiviral Response and Tumor Immune Evasion

(2020) Jianjun Wu et al.   IMMUNITY

Structures and Mechanisms in the cGAS-STING Innate Immunity Pathway

(2020) Xuewu Zhang et al.   IMMUNITY

A defect in COPI-mediated transport of STING causes immune dysregulation in COPA syndrome

(2020) Zimu Deng et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Mutations in COPA lead to abnormal trafficking of STING to the Golgi and interferon signaling

(2020) Alice Lepelley et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Redox homeostasis maintained by GPX4 facilitates STING activation

(2020) Mutian Jia et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

STEEP mediates STING ER exit and activation of signaling

(2020) Bao-cun Zhang et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase promotes the inflammatory and autophagy responses in Huntington disease

(2020) Manish Sharma et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Interferon-independent STING signaling promotes resistance to HSV-1 in vivo

(2020) Lívia H. Yamashiro et al.   Nature Communications

TDP-43 Triggers Mitochondrial DNA Release via mPTP to Activate cGAS/STING in ALS

(2020) Chien-Hsiung Yu et al.   CELL

Manganese is critical for antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and improves the efficacy of clinical immunotherapy

(2020) Mengze Lv et al.   CELL RESEARCH

STING cyclic dinucleotide sensing originated in bacteria

(2020) Benjamin R. Morehouse et al.   NATURE

C9orf72 in myeloid cells suppresses STING-induced inflammation

(2020) Madelyn E. McCauley et al.   NATURE

cGAS in action: Expanding roles in immunity and inflammation

(2019) Andrea Ablasser et al.   SCIENCE

Structural basis of STING binding with and phosphorylation by TBK1

(2019) Conggang Zhang et al.   NATURE

Cryo-EM structures of STING reveal its mechanism of activation by cyclic GMP–AMP

(2019) Guijun Shang et al.   NATURE

Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway

(2019) Xiang Gui et al.   NATURE

Apoptotic Caspases Suppress Type I Interferon Production via the Cleavage of cGAS, MAVS, and IRF3

(2019) Xiaohan Ning et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

STING-mediated disruption of calcium homeostasis chronically activates ER stress and primes T cell death

(2019) Jianjun Wu et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

The herpesviral antagonist m152 reveals differential activation of STING‐dependent IRF and NF‐κB signaling and STING's dual role during MCMV infection

(2019) Markus Stempel et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

A conserved PLPLRT/SD motif of STING mediates the recruitment and activation of TBK1

(2019) Baoyu Zhao et al.   NATURE

Hierarchy of clinical manifestations in SAVI N153S and V154M mouse models

(2019) Mona Motwani et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Modular Architecture of the STING C-Terminal Tail Allows Interferon and NF-κB Signaling Adaptation

(2019) Carina C. de Oliveira Mann et al.   Cell Reports

HER2 recruits AKT1 to disrupt STING signalling and suppress antiviral defence and antitumour immunity

(2019) Shiying Wu et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Chromatin‐bound cGAS is an inhibitor of DNA repair and hence accelerates genome destabilization and cell death

(2019) Hui Jiang et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Mitochondrial Damage and Activation of the STING Pathway Lead to Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis

(2019) Ki Wung Chung et al.   Cell Metabolism

PKR-dependent cytosolic cGAS foci are necessary for intracellular DNA sensing

(2019) Siqi Hu et al.   Science Signaling

The Cytosolic DNA-Sensing cGAS–STING Pathway in Cancer

(2019) John Kwon et al.   Cancer Discovery

TBK1 at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Energy Homeostasis in Adipose Tissue

(2018) Peng Zhao et al.   CELL

Constitutive interferon signaling maintains critical threshold of MLKL expression to license necroptosis

(2018) Joseph Sarhan et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Inflammation-Induced, STING-Dependent Autophagy Restricts Zika Virus Infection in the Drosophila Brain

(2018) Yuan Liu et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Attenuation of cGAS‐STING signaling is mediated by a p62/SQSTM1‐dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1

(2018) Thaneas Prabakaran et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

STING Signaling Promotes Inflammation in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

(2018) Qinglan Zhao et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Severe combined immunodeficiency in stimulator of interferon genes (STING) V154M/wild-type mice

(2018) Delphine Bouis et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response

(2018) Samuel F. Bakhoum et al.   NATURE

STING-dependent translation inhibition restricts RNA virus replication

(2018) Kate M. Franz et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

PUMA amplifies necroptosis signaling by activating cytosolic DNA sensors

(2018) Dongshi Chen et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BAK/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis

(2018) Kate McArthur et al.   SCIENCE

DNA-induced liquid phase condensation of cGAS activates innate immune signaling

(2018) Mingjian Du et al.   SCIENCE

Analysis of Drosophila STING Reveals an Evolutionarily Conserved Antimicrobial Function

(2018) Marina Martin et al.   Cell Reports

TRIM29 negatively controls antiviral immune response through targeting STING for degradation

(2018) Qijie Li et al.   Cell Discovery

Detection of Microbial Infections Through Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids

(2018) Xiaojun Tan et al.   Annual Review of Microbiology

TBK1 Suppresses RIPK1-Driven Apoptosis and Inflammation during Development and in Aging

(2018) Daichao Xu et al.   CELL

Mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation enables mtDNA release during apoptosis

(2018) Joel S Riley et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

The Kinase IKKβ Regulates a STING- and NF-κB-Dependent Antiviral Response Pathway in Drosophila

(2018) Akira Goto et al.   IMMUNITY

Non-canonical NF-κB Antagonizes STING Sensor-Mediated DNA Sensing in Radiotherapy

(2018) Yuzhu Hou et al.   IMMUNITY

Non-canonical Activation of the DNA Sensing Adaptor STING by ATM and IFI16 Mediates NF-κB Signaling after Nuclear DNA Damage

(2018) Gillian Dunphy et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation

(2018) Danielle A. Sliter et al.   NATURE

Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors

(2018) Simone M. Haag et al.   NATURE

STING directly activates autophagy to tune the innate immune response

(2018) Dong Liu et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

Expression of STING Is Increased in Liver Tissues From Patients With NAFLD and Promotes Macrophage-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice

(2018) Xianjun Luo et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

STING-mediated inflammation in Kupffer cells contributes to progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

(2018) Yongsheng Yu et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Mycobacterium tuberculosis–induced IFN-β production requires cytosolic DNA and RNA sensing pathways

(2018) Yong Cheng et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

A human gain-of-function STING mutation causes immunodeficiency and gammaherpesvirus-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

(2018) Brock G. Bennion et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis

(2018) Haipeng Liu et al.   NATURE

The Ca2+ sensor STIM1 regulates the type I interferon response by retaining the signaling adaptor STING at the endoplasmic reticulum

(2018) Sonal Srikanth et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

G3BP1 promotes DNA binding and activation of cGAS

(2018) Zhao-Shan Liu et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

STING-dependent sensing of self-DNA drives silica-induced lung inflammation

(2018) Sulayman Benmerzoug et al.   Nature Communications

TMED2 Potentiates Cellular IFN Responses to DNA Viruses by Reinforcing MITA Dimerization and Facilitating Its Trafficking

(2018) Ming-Shun Sun et al.   Cell Reports

Intrinsic antiproliferative activity of the innate sensor STING in T lymphocytes

(2017) Silvia Cerboni et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

NEMO–IKKβ Are Essential for IRF3 and NF-κB Activation in the cGAS–STING Pathway

(2017) Run Fang et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity

(2017) Karen J. Mackenzie et al.   NATURE

Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer

(2017) Zhixun Dou et al.   NATURE

Innate immune sensing of cytosolic chromatin fragments through cGAS promotes senescence

(2017) Selene Glück et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

IRF3 and type I interferons fuel a fatal response to myocardial infarction

(2017) Kevin R King et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Activation of the STING-Dependent Type I Interferon Response Reduces Microglial Reactivity and Neuroinflammation

(2017) Vidhu Mathur et al.   NEURON

DsbA-L prevents obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by suppressing the mtDNA release-activated cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway

(2017) Juli Bai et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Chronic innate immune activation of TBK1 suppresses mTORC1 activity and dysregulates cellular metabolism

(2017) Maroof Hasan et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

cGAS is essential for cellular senescence

(2017) Hui Yang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ALK is a therapeutic target for lethal sepsis

(2017) Ling Zeng et al.   Science Translational Medicine

STING and TRIF Contribute to Mouse Sepsis, Depending on Severity of the Disease Model

(2017) Erica L. Heipertz et al.   SHOCK

Signalling strength determines proapoptotic functions of STING

(2017) Muhammet F. Gulen et al.   Nature Communications

Trafficking-Mediated STING Degradation Requires Sorting to Acidified Endolysosomes and Can Be Targeted to Enhance Anti-tumor Response

(2017) Vijay K. Gonugunta et al.   Cell Reports

Expression of Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(2017) Jie An et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

Agonist-Mediated Activation of STING Induces Apoptosis in Malignant B Cells

(2016) Chih-Hang Anthony Tang et al.   CANCER RESEARCH

RNase H2 catalytic core Aicardi-Goutières syndrome–related mutant invokes cGAS–STING innate immune-sensing pathway in mice

(2016) Vladislav Pokatayev et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

(2016) Qing Chen et al.   NATURE

iRhom2 is essential for innate immunity to DNA viruses by mediating trafficking and stability of the adaptor STING

(2016) Wei-Wei Luo et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Structural basis for concerted recruitment and activation of IRF-3 by innate immune adaptor proteins

(2016) Baoyu Zhao et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi

(2016) Kojiro Mukai et al.   Nature Communications

Limiting Cholesterol Biosynthetic Flux Spontaneously Engages Type I IFN Signaling

(2015) Autumn G. York et al.   CELL

STING Activation by Translocation from the ER Is Associated with Infection and Autoinflammatory Disease

(2015) Nicole Dobbs et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Cutting Edge: cGAS Is Required for Lethal Autoimmune Disease in the Trex1-Deficient Mouse Model of Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome

(2015) Elizabeth E. Gray et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia

(2015) Axel Freischmidt et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase by self-DNA causes autoimmune diseases

(2015) Daxing Gao et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Exome sequencing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies risk genes and pathways

(2015) E. T. Cirulli et al.   SCIENCE

Phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING, and TRIF induces IRF3 activation

(2015) S. Liu et al.   SCIENCE

TRIM30α Is a Negative-Feedback Regulator of the Intracellular DNA and DNA Virus-Triggered Response by Targeting STING

(2015) Yanming Wang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Cytosolic-DNA-Mediated, STING-Dependent Proinflammatory Gene Induction Necessitates Canonical NF- B Activation through TBK1

(2014) T. Abe et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Innate Antiviral Host Defense Attenuates TGF-β Function through IRF3-Mediated Suppression of Smad Signaling

(2014) Pinglong Xu et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Activated STING in a Vascular and Pulmonary Syndrome

(2014) Yin Liu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is Activated by Double-Stranded DNA-Induced Oligomerization

(2013) Xin Li et al.   IMMUNITY

Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING

(2013) Xu Zhang et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

cGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING

(2013) Andrea Ablasser et al.   NATURE

STING-IRF3 pathway links endoplasmic reticulum stress with hepatocyte apoptosis in early alcoholic liver disease

(2013) J. Petrasek et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Crystal Structure and Mechanism of Activation of TANK-Binding Kinase 1

(2013) Amede Larabi et al.   Cell Reports

Molecular basis of Tank-binding kinase 1 activation by transautophosphorylation

(2012) X. Ma et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Cyclic GMP-AMP Is an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA

(2012) J. Wu et al.   SCIENCE

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway

(2012) L. Sun et al.   SCIENCE

Viral apoptosis is induced by IRF-3-mediated activation of Bax

(2010) Saurabh Chattopadhyay et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA

(2010) Leonie Unterholzner et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

The Ubiquitin Ligase RNF5 Regulates Antiviral Responses by Mediating Degradation of the Adaptor Protein MITA

(2009) Bo Zhong et al.   IMMUNITY

An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome

(2009) Tilmann Bürckstümmer et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY