Current status of antivirals and druggable targets of SARS CoV-2 and other human pathogenic coronaviruses

Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro

(2020) Manli Wang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019‐nCoV

(2020) Jared S. Morse et al.   CHEMBIOCHEM

New Flu Antiviral Candidate May Thwart Drug Resistance

(2020) Tracy Hampton   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

(2020) Calvin J Gordon et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Coronavirus infections and immune responses

(2020) Geng Li et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

α-Ketoamides as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronavirus and Enterovirus Replication: Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Activity Assessment

(2020) Linlin Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

(2020) Roujian Lu et al.   LANCET

A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China

(2020) Fan Wu et al.   NATURE

Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

(2020) Guangdi Li et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States

(2020) Michelle L. Holshue et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

(2020) Na Zhu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus

(2020) Zhi-Min Chen et al.   World Journal of Pediatrics

Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan

(2020) Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.   Emerging Microbes & Infections

Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses

(2020) Furong Qi et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion

(2020) Shuai Xia et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Clinical Features of 69 Cases With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China

(2020) Zhongliang Wang et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

(2020) Xueting Yao et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?

(2020) Christian A. Devaux et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19?

(2020) Sophie Alexandra Baron et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

(2020) Evan M. Bloch et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

(2020) Yeming Wang et al.   LANCET

Comparative Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir and Anti-HIV Nucleoside Analogs against Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)

(2020) Keykavous Parang et al.   MOLECULES

Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor

(2020) Jun Lan et al.   NATURE

Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19

(2020) Jason D. Goldman et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Preliminary Report

(2020) John H. Beigel et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19

(2020) Bin Cao et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus

(2020) Yan Gao et al.   SCIENCE

Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved α-ketoamide inhibitors

(2020) Linlin Zhang et al.   SCIENCE

An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice

(2020) Timothy P. Sheahan et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

(2020) Hongzhou Lu   BioScience Trends

Targeting the Dimerization of the Main Protease of Coronaviruses: A Potential Broad-Spectrum Therapeutic Strategy

(2020) Bhupesh Goyal et al.   ACS Combinatorial Science

A search for medications to treat COVID-19 via in silico molecular docking models of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and 3CL protease

(2020) Donald C. Hall et al.   Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study

(2020) Philippe Gautret et al.   Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases

(2020) Cynthia Liu et al.   ACS Central Science

Pharmacological Therapeutics Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Proteinase and Spike Protein: From Mechanistic Studies to Clinical Trials for COVID-19

(2020) Jiansheng Huang et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

A Structural View of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Replication Machinery: RNA Synthesis, Proofreading and Final Capping

(2020) Maria Romano et al.   Cells

The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

(2020) Xi Wang et al.   Cell Discovery

Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs

(2020) Ujjwal Neogi et al.   Pathogens

Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro

(2020) Ka-Tim Choy et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Expression of concern: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis

(2020) The Lancet Editors   LANCET

Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study

(2020) Abdo A. Elfiky   LIFE SCIENCES

Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 — Searching for Evidence

(2020) Myron S. Cohen   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Ongoing Clinical Trials for the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic

(2020) Mark P. Lythgoe et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Sofosbuvir as a potential alternative to treat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

(2020) Rodrigo Jácome et al.   Scientific Reports

FDA approved drugs with pharmacotherapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) therapy

(2020) Sylwester Drożdżal et al.   DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES

From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses into the Spotlight

(2019) Zhiqi Song et al.   Viruses-Basel

Human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 bind to 9-O-acetylated sialic acids via a conserved receptor-binding site in spike protein domain A

(2019) Ruben J. G. Hulswit et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery

(2019) Allison L. Totura et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

Exploitation of glycosylation in enveloped virus pathobiology

(2019) Yasunori Watanabe et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS

Nucleoside analogues for the treatment of coronavirus infections

(2019) Andrea J Pruijssers et al.   Current Opinion in Virology

A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike

(2019) Shuai Xia et al.   Science Advances

Characterization of amino acid substitutions in feline coronavirus 3C-like protease from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis treated with a protease inhibitor

(2019) Krishani Dinali Perera et al.   VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

Current and Future Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Infectious, Immune, Neoplastic, and Neurological Diseases: A Mini-Review

(2018) Domenico Plantone et al.   CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION

Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease

(2018) Maria L. Agostini et al.   mBio

Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses

(2018) Jie Cui et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis

(2017) Niels C Pedersen et al.   JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY

Computational modeling of the bat HKU4 coronavirus 3CLpro inhibitors as a tool for the development of antivirals against the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus

(2017) Areej Abuhammad et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION

Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase

(2017) Yousuke FURUTA et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY SERIES B-PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA

(2017) François Ferron et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses

(2017) Timothy P. Sheahan et al.   Science Translational Medicine

GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo- and Paramyxoviruses

(2017) Michael K. Lo et al.   Scientific Reports

Glycopeptide Antibiotics Potently Inhibit Cathepsin L in the Late Endosome/Lysosome and Block the Entry of Ebola Virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

(2016) Nan Zhou et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens

(2016) Nicole R. Sexton et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys

(2016) Travis K. Warren et al.   NATURE

Coronaviruses — drug discovery and therapeutic options

(2016) Alimuddin Zumla et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

SARS-CoV 3CL protease cleaves its C-terminal autoprocessing site by novel subsite cooperativity

(2016) Tomonari Muramatsu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Griffithsin: An Antiviral Lectin with Outstanding Therapeutic Potential

(2016) Sabrina Lusvarghi et al.   Viruses-Basel

Combination therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon-alpha for Middle East respiratory syndrome: a case report

(2015) Uh Jin Kim et al.   ANTIVIRAL THERAPY

Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients During MERS-CoV Outbreak in South Korea

(2015) Seo Yu Bin et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Another Zoonotic Betacoronavirus Causing SARS-Like Disease

(2015) Jasper F. W. Chan et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS

Protective Effect of Intranasal Regimens Containing Peptidic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion Inhibitor Against MERS-CoV Infection

(2015) Rudragouda Channappanavar et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Treatment With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-β1b Improves Outcome of MERS-CoV Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Common Marmoset

(2015) Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Human Coronavirus HKU1 Spike Protein UsesO-Acetylated Sialic Acid as an Attachment Receptor Determinant and Employs Hemagglutinin-Esterase Protein as a Receptor-Destroying Enzyme

(2015) Xingchuan Huang et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Structural basis for RNA replication by the hepatitis C virus polymerase

(2015) T. C. Appleby et al.   SCIENCE

The structure and functions of coronavirus genomic 3′ and 5′ ends

(2015) Dong Yang et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Potential Broad Spectrum Inhibitors of the Coronavirus 3CLpro: A Virtual Screening and Structure-Based Drug Design Study

(2015) Michael Berry et al.   Viruses-Basel

Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture

(2014) Adriaan H. de Wilde et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model

(2014) Lisa Oestereich et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Arbidol as a broad-spectrum antiviral: An update

(2014) Julie Blaising et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Coronaviruses Resistant to a 3C-Like Protease Inhibitor Are Attenuated for Replication and Pathogenesis, Revealing a Low Genetic Barrier but High Fitness Cost of Resistance

(2014) X. Deng et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Identification of a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Small Molecule against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Ebola, Hendra, and Nipah Viruses by Using a Novel High-Throughput Screening Assay

(2014) H. A. Elshabrawy et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein

(2014) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

One severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein complex integrates processive RNA polymerase and exonuclease activities

(2014) Lorenzo Subissi et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Cell-based antiviral screening against coronaviruses: Developing virus-specific and broad-spectrum inhibitors

(2013) Andy Kilianski et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Antiviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of the HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor TMC310911, Coadministered With Ritonavir, in Treatment-Naive HIV-1–Infected Patients

(2013) Hans-Jürgen Stellbrink et al.   JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-  treatment

(2013) A. H. de Wilde et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

(2013) Jasper F.W. Chan et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Mediated by the Transmembrane Serine Protease TMPRSS2

(2013) Kazuya Shirato et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC

(2013) V. Stalin Raj et al.   NATURE

Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV–infected rhesus macaques

(2013) Darryl Falzarano et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Suppression of Coronavirus Replication by Cyclophilin Inhibitors

(2013) Yoshikazu Tanaka et al.   Viruses-Basel

Inhibition of novel β coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-α2b and ribavirin

(2013) Darryl Falzarano et al.   Scientific Reports

Coronaviruses Lacking Exoribonuclease Activity Are Susceptible to Lethal Mutagenesis: Evidence for Proofreading and Potential Therapeutics

(2013) Everett Clinton Smith et al.   PLoS Pathogens

RNA synthetic mechanisms employed by diverse families of RNA viruses

(2013) Sarah M. McDonald   Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-RNA

Is the discovery of the novel human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 (HCoV-EMC) the beginning of another SARS-like pandemic?

(2012) Jasper F.W. Chan et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in HIV therapy

(2011) Mark W. Hull et al.   ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Recent developments in anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus chemotherapy

(2011) Dale L Barnard et al.   Future Virology

Coronaviruses

(2011) Mark R. Denison et al.   RNA Biology

The SARS-Coronavirus-Host Interactome: Identification of Cyclophilins as Target for Pan-Coronavirus Inhibitors

(2011) Susanne Pfefferle et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Mutation of Asn28 Disrupts the Dimerization and Enzymatic Activity of SARS 3CLpro,

(2010) Jennifer Barrila et al.   BIOCHEMISTRY

Lopinavir/Ritonavir

(2010) Jamie D. Croxtall et al.   DRUGS

Potential of carbohydrate-binding agents as therapeutics against enveloped viruses

(2010) K. O. François et al.   MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS

Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

(2010) P. Gong et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Quasispecies Theory and the Behavior of RNA Viruses

(2010) Adam S. Lauring et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Activity and In Vivo Efficacy of the Antiviral Protein Griffithsin against Emerging Viruses of the Family Coronaviridae

(2009) B. R. O'Keefe et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A new mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV as a lethal model for evaluating antiviral agents in vitro and in vivo

(2009) Craig W. Day et al.   VIROLOGY

Pathogenetic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome

(2007) Yong Guo et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Evaluating the 3C-like protease activity of SARS-Coronavirus: Recommendations for standardized assays for drug discovery

(2007) Valerie Grum-Tokars et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH