Article
Immunology
Elizabeth Robins, Ming Zheng, Qingshan Ni, Siqi Liu, Chen Liang, Baojun Zhang, Jian Guo, Yuan Zhuang, You-Wen He, Ping Zhu, Ying Wan, Qi-Jing Li
Summary: Recent research has revealed that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in adaptive immunity can exhibit significant lineage plasticity, even undergoing fundamental lineage reprogramming. This shift in functional potential may suggest a new direction for HIV vaccine design.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Michael C. Brown, Georgia M. Beasley, Zachary P. McKay, Yuanfan Yang, Annick Desjardins, Dina M. Randazzo, Daniel Landi, David M. Ashley, Darell D. Bigner, Smita K. Nair, Matthias Gromeier
Summary: This study reveals the contribution of pre-existing anti-polio immunity to the effectiveness of polio virotherapy for cancer treatment. Childhood vaccines such as polio and tetanus can enhance antitumor immune responses, particularly by activating CD4(+) T cells and eosinophils.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shi Zou, Yuting Tan, Yanni Xiang, Yang Liu, Qi Zhu, Songjie Wu, Wei Guo, Mingqi Luo, Ling Shen, Ke Liang
Summary: This study found a significant increase in CD4 and CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells in patients with HIV/TB coinfection. Additionally, these DP T cells also expressed more cytotoxic markers. This suggests that DP T cells may play an important immune role in HIV/TB infection.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Menglu Gao, Yili Liu, Mingquan Guo, Qianying Wang, Yan Wang, Jian Fan, Yinzhong Shen, Junjie Hou, Yanmin Wan, Zhaoqin Zhu
Summary: The study found that frequencies of lymphocytes and T cells decreased significantly in COVID-19 patients, while the CD4(+)/CD8(+)T cell ratios increased significantly in patients over 45 years old. Regulatory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells may play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and NK cells might contribute to the lymphopenia associated with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Leila Khajavi, Xuan-Hung Nguyen, Clemence Queriault, Marianne Chabod, Lucie Barateau, Yves Dauvilliers, Matthias Zytnicki, Roland Liblau
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed genes in T-cell subsets between narcolepsy patients and healthy controls through RNA sequencing analysis, and found that these genes are involved in processes such as immune synapse formation, TCR activation, and inflammatory response. The results showed an inflammatory transcriptomic profile in naive CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets, possibly indicating their involvement in the development or progression of narcolepsy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Shi-Peng Li, Jin-Ming Zhang, Xiao-Jie Chen, Guang-Peng Zhou, Jie Sun, Bin Cui, Liu-Xin Zhou, Hai-Ming Zhang, Wei-Tao Que, Li-Ying Sun, Zhi-Jun Zhu
Summary: DPT cells are increased in liver transplant patients, especially in rejection cases. These cells show contiguity with Treg cells and their exhaustion is enhanced by increased PD-1 expression. These findings suggest that DPT cells may play a role in immune tolerance and could be targeted for preventing liver transplant rejection.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atefeh Afsar, Min Chen, Zhenyu Xuan, Li Zhang
Summary: This article discusses the role of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in Alzheimer's disease and their potential associations with amyloid beta protein, heme oxygenase, and impaired mitochondria. It also mentions the mathematical models of AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types and the application of machine learning models considering CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Virology
Huiyuan Zhang, Yazhen Wang, Ying Ma, Kang Tang, Chunmei Zhang, Meng Wang, Xiyue Zhang, Manling Xue, Xiaozhou Jia, Haifeng Hu, Na Li, Ran Zhuang, Boquan Jin, Lihua Chen, Yun Zhang, Yusi Zhang
Summary: This study characterized double positive T (DP T) cells in HFRS patients using flow cytometry data combined with scRNA-seq data. Results showed an upregulation of DP T cells in the peripheral blood during HTNV infection, which was correlated with disease stage. The scRNA-seq data clustered and unraveled the gene expression profile of DP T cells.
Article
Immunology
Helena Nunes-Cabaco, Andreia Ramalho-dos-Santos, Ana R. Pires, Leila R. Martins, Joao T. Barata, Ana E. Sousa
Summary: IL-4 plays a role in the regulation of human thymocyte plasticity and is involved in the generation of CD8+ T cells in the thymus. IL-4 also has implications in neonatal immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Hagen, Luca Pangrazzi, Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte, Birgit Weinberger
Summary: The expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors defines two distinct T cell populations with specialized functions. However, a paradoxical population of CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) T cells challenging this paradigm has been found in the peripheral blood. This subset has unique functions and exhibits memory-like features. Strategies to better characterize the role of this minor T cell subset in regulating immune responses are necessary.
Article
Immunology
Yanhua Gao, Ira Bergman
Summary: Simple and reliable methods are needed to detect anti-tumor memory T-cells for clinical tumor vaccination. A mouse model of curative viral onco-immunotherapy showed that peritoneal tumor challenge can identify an oligoclonal anti-tumor memory CD4 and CD8 T-cell response. Different clonotypes were found among challenged animals, but were consistent in blood, spleen, and peritoneal cells of the same animal. These findings suggest that this methodology can be used to assess the effectiveness of tumor vaccines or therapeutic T-cell vaccines using blood and tissue sampling.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhiheng Wu, Yu Zheng, Jin Sheng, Yicheng Han, Yanyan Yang, Hongming Pan, Junlin Yao
Summary: This article comprehensively reviews the origin, distribution, and functions of DN T cells, focusing on their roles in inflammation, immune disorders, and cancer. It also discusses the recent advances in DN T cell-based therapy for cancer treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Manman Dai, Li Zhao, Ziwei Li, Xiaobo Li, Bowen You, Sufang Zhu, Ming Liao
Summary: This study characterized the differences in CD8 and CD4(+)CD8 low T cell subsets from chickens infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) using RNA sequencing technology, finding that CD8(high) alpha alpha(+) T cells had the highest expression of genes in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, suggesting they were more responsive to ALV-J infections. Conversely, CD4(+)CD8(low+) T cells may play a role in negatively regulating T cell functions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sara Bolivar-Wagers, Jemma H. Larson, Sujeong Jin, Bruce R. Blazar
Summary: Treg cells play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance induction; however, the mechanisms responsible for their cytotoxicity and therapeutic potential have not been fully explored.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joshua Hsu, Aravind Krishnan, Sul A. Lee, Jefferey M. Dodd-o, Bo S. Kim, Peter Illei, Kristine Yarnoff, Abdel A. Hamad, Hamid Rabb, Errol L. Bush
Summary: The study found that during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), there is a significant increase in the amount of double negative (DN) T cells in lung tissue, which can protect lung tissue from damage by regulating inflammation and apoptosis processes.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Clara Duran-Castells, Anuska Llano, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Anna Prats, Ignacio Martinez-Zalacain, Mie Kobayashi-Ishihara, Bruna Oriol-Tordera, Ruth Pena, Cristina Galvez, Sandra Silva-Arrieta, Bonaventura Clotet, Eva Riveira-Munoz, Esther Ballana, Julia. G. Prado, Javier Martinez-Picado, Jorge Sanchez, Beatriz Mothe, Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor, Tony Wyss-Coray, Andreas Meyerhans, Magnus Gisslen, Richard. W. Price, Carles Soriano-Mas, Jose Antonio Munoz-Moreno, Christian Brander, Marta Ruiz-Riol
Summary: High levels of SIRT2 are associated with uncontrolled HIV infection, plasma viral load, and proviral levels. SIRT2 levels are also linked to markers of neurological damage and brain involution, especially in individuals who initiate cART later. Inhibition of SIRT2 could potentially be a therapeutic target for HIV infections and their associated neurological dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Eudald Felip, Edwards Pradenas, Margarita Romeo, Silvia Marfil, Benjamin Trinite, Victor Urrea, Ainhoa Hernandez, Ester Ballana, Marc Cucurull, Lourdes Mateu, Marta Massanella, Bonaventura Clotet, Teresa Moran, Julia Blanco
Summary: Patients with solid tumors have a higher risk of complications, hospitalizations, or death during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The immunosuppressive state of cancer treatments or the tumor itself may affect the development of vaccination antibodies. This study emphasizes the importance of prioritizing cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordi Navarro, Adrian Curran, Berta Raventos, Jorge Garcia, Paula Suanzes, Vicente Descalzo, Patricia Alvarez, Nuria Espinosa, Marisa Luisa Montes, Ines Suarez-Garcia, Concha Amador, Roberto Muga, Vicenc Falco, Joaquin Burgos
Summary: In this study, researchers found a high prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in people living with HIV (PLWH). Obesity and diabetes were associated factors with NAFLD, while exposure to integrase strand transfer inhibitors reduced the risk. Moreover, among patients with hepatic steatosis, exposure to thymidine analogues increased the risk of significant fibrosis, while exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors reduced this risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Gerard Campos-Gonzalez, Javier Martinez-Picado, Talia Velasco-Hernandez, Maria Salgado
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has had a significant impact on the treatment of blood malignancies, particularly various types of leukemia. However, applying this technology to HIV treatment presents numerous challenges that hinder its widespread adoption.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline Dufour, Corentin Richard, Marion Pardons, Marta Massanella, Antoine Ackaoui, Ben Murrell, Bertrand Routy, Rejean Thomas, Jean-Pierre Routy, Remi Fromentin, Nicolas Chomont
Summary: The phenotypic diversity of HIV-infected cells persisting during antiretroviral therapies (ART) was investigated. CD4+ T cells expressing integrin VLA-4 were found to be enriched in replication-competent HIV. Clonally expanded cells with identical proviruses displayed diverse phenotypes, indicating the role of cellular proliferation in the phenotypic diversification of the HIV reservoir. Genetically intact and inducible viral genomes were associated with higher levels of VLA-4 expression in CD4+ T cells. Replication-competent HIV was highly enriched in memory CD4+ T cells expressing high levels of VLA-4.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Carlos Avila-Nieto, Nuria Pedreno-Lopez, Oriol Mitja, Bonaventura Clotet, Julia Blanco, Jorge Carrillo
Summary: Syphilis is a sexually or vertically transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecie pallidum (TPA) infection. Despite being an obligate human pathogen with a well-known infection route and effective treatment options, the incidence of syphilis has been increasing. Developing a syphilis vaccine is crucial in countries where current preventive measures are limited. Although previous vaccine prototypes in preclinical studies did not provide full protection against infection, they showed promising results in preventing bacteria dissemination and attenuating lesion development. It is important to integrate knowledge about TPA immune response and outer membrane protein (OMP) characterization to expedite vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lidia Sanchez-Moral, Tony Paul, Clara Martori, Joan Font-Diaz, Lucia Sanjurjo, Gemma Aran, Erica Tellez, Julia Blanco, Jorge Carrillo, Masaoki Ito, Martina Tuttolomondo, Henrik J. Ditzel, Caterina Fumagalli, Gustavo Tapia, Julia Sidorova, Helena Masnou, Marco-Antonio Fernandez-Sanmartin, Juan-Jose Lozano, Cristina Vilaplana, Alheli Rodriguez-Cortes, Carolina Armengol, Annabel F. Valledor, Leonor Kremer, Maria-Rosa Sarriasa
Summary: This study explores the role of macrophage CD5L protein in tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) activity and its potential as a therapeutic target. Results show that cancer cell lines induce an immunosuppressive phenotype in macrophages through increased CD5L expression. High TAM expression of CD5L is associated with poor patient outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma. Researchers developed an anti-CD5L monoclonal antibody that blocks the immunosuppressive phenotype in macrophages and inhibits tumor progression in vivo.
Article
Immunology
Ferran Tarres-Freixas, Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri, Maria Luisa Rodriguez de la Concepcion, Victor Urrea, Benjamin Trinite, Raquel Ortiz, Edwards Pradenas, Pau Blanco, Silvia Marfil, Luis Manuel Molinos-Albert, Ana Barajas, Anna Pons-Grifols, Carlos Avila-Nieto, Ismael Varela, Laura Cervera, Sonia Gutierrez-Granados, Maria Mercedes Segura, Francesc Godia, Bonaventura Clotet, Jorge Carrillo, Julia Blanco
Summary: This study engineered a HIV-1 Gag-based VLP platform with increased antigen density on the surface, resulting in highly immunogenic MinGag-VLPs. Immunization with these VLPs induced strong humoral responses and demonstrated functional effects in halting tumor progression in vivo mouse model.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edwards Pradenas, Silvia Marfil, Victor Urrea, Macedonia Trigueros, Tetyana Pidkova, Anna Pons-Grifols, Raquel Ortiz, Carla Rovirosa, Ferran Tarres-Freixas, Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri, Ruth Toledo, Anna Chamorro, Marc Noguera-Julian, Lourdes Mateu, Ignacio Blanco, Eulalia Grau, Marta Massanella, Jorge Carrillo, Bonaventura Clote, Benjamin Trinite, Julia Blanco
Summary: The development of cross-variant neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important goal for COVID-19 vaccine strategies. This study analyzed the neutralization titers of plasma from different groups based on vaccine doses and infection history. Two doses of vaccine had limited efficacy in generating cross-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants in uninfected individuals, but showed synergy with natural immunization in convalescent individuals. Booster doses significantly broadened the cross-neutralizing response in uninfected individuals and improved responses in convalescent individuals. Omicron breakthrough infections also improved cross-neutralization in vaccinated individuals. Overall, ancestral Spike-based immunization, through infection or vaccination, helps broaden SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Paula Suanzes, Jordi Navarro, Ariadna Rando-Segura, Patricia Alvarez-Lopez, Jorge Garcia, Vicente Descalzo, Arnau Monforte, Maider Arando, Lucia Rodriguez, Bibiana Planas, Joaquin Burgos, Adrian Curran, Maria Jose Buzon, Vicenc Falco
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) within the first 30 days after acquiring HIV infection on immunovirological response. The results showed that patients who started ART very early or early and were treated with INSTI-based regimens achieved immune recovery earlier. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio before ART initiation and the use of INSTI-based regimens were the strongest predictors of immune recovery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Moros, Antoni Prenafeta, Antonio Barreiro, Eva Perozo, Alex Fernandez, Manuel Canete, Luis Gonzalez, Carme Garriga, Edwards Pradenas, Silvia Marfil, Julia Blanco, Paula Cebollada Rica, Marta Sistere-Oro, Andreas Meyerhans, Teresa Prat Cabanas, Ricard March, Laura Ferrer
Summary: The development of a new generation of efficacious vaccines is crucial due to the high global incidence of COVID-19 and low vaccination rates. Researchers have developed an adjuvanted vaccine candidate, PHH-1V, based on a protein fusion of the receptor binding domain (RBD) from the Beta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and the equivalent domain from the Alpha variant. In pig models, PHH-1V has demonstrated excellent safety and has induced a robust immune response to SARS-CoV-2, including neutralising antibodies to multiple variants.
Article
Immunology
Lorna Leal, Judit Pich, Laura Ferrer, Jocelyn Nava, Ruth Marti-Lluch, Ignasi Esteban, Edwards Pradenas, Dalia Raich-Regue, Antoni Prenafeta, Karla Escobar, Carmen Pastor, Marc Ribas-Aulinas, Benjamin Trinite, Jordana Munoz-Basagoiti, Gemma Domenech, Bonaventura Clotet, Julia Corominas, Aida Corpes-Comes, Carme Garriga, Antonio Barreiro, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Joan Albert Arnaiz, Alex Soriano, Jose Rios, Marga Nadal, Montserrat Plana, Julia Blanco, Teresa Prat, Elia Torroella, Rafel Ramos, Eva Bonfill, Omar Anagua, Faisury Caicedo, Clara Castan, Fauno Guazina, Sara Messeguer, Marta Aldea, Anna Vilella, Sandra Serrano, Lorna Leal, Judit Pich, Jocelyn Nava, Karla Escobar, Joan Albert Arnaiz, Alex Soriano, Jose Rios, Teresa Botta, Ignasi Esteban, Carmen Pastor, Montserrat Plana, Gemma Domenech, Silvia Marfil, Carla Rovirosa, Raquel Ortiz, Daniel Perez-Zsolt, Marcal Gallemi, Edwards Pradenas, Dalia Raich-Regue, Benjamin Trinite, Jordana Munoz-Basagoiti, Bonaventura Clotet, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Julia Blanco, Marina Gonzalez del Rio, Ruth Marti-Lluch, Marc Ribas-Aulinas, Aida Corpes-Comes, Marga Nadal, Rafel Ramos, Luis Gonzalez, Manuel Canete, Laia Madrenas, Alexandra Moros, Irina Gueell, Laura Ferrer, Antoni Prenafeta, Julia Corominas, Carme Garriga, Antonio Barreiro, Teresa Prat, Elia Torroella
Summary: This study reports the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine formulations were found to be safe and well tolerated, and induced strong humoral immune responses. This research has contributed significantly to the further development of the vaccine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antoni Prenafeta, Gregori Bech-Sabat, Alexandra Moros, Antonio Barreiro, Alex Fernandez, Manuel Canete, Merce Roca, Luis Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Carme Garriga, Joachim Confais, Marion Toussenot, Hugues Contamin, Andres Pizzorno, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Edwards Pradenas, Silvia Marfil, Julia Blanco, Paula Cebollada Rica, Marta Sistere-Oro, Andreas Meyerhans, Cristina Lorca, Joaquim Segales, Teresa Prat, Ricard March, Laura Ferrer
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 and continues to spread, necessitating the development of accessible second-generation vaccines. The PHH-1V vaccine candidate, previously developed, shows efficacy in cynomolgus macaques by inducing high levels of antibodies and cellular immune response. Vaccination with PHH-1V prevents viral replication and reduces viral load in respiratory tracts after experimental infection, suggesting its potential use in humans.
Article
Hematology
Francisco Belda, Oscar Mora, Monica Lopez-Martinez, Nerea Torres, Ana Vivanco, Silvia Marfil, Edwards Pradenas, Marta Massanella, Julia Blanco, Rebecca Christie, Michael Crowley
Summary: This observational study characterizes the generation of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after vaccination with different COVID-19 vaccines and their neutralizing activity. Age and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the vaccine response. The findings are important for understanding vaccine efficacy and developing antibody assays.