Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sorayya Ghasemi, Suowen Xu, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Mohammad Amir Amirkhani, Antoni Sureda, Silvia Tejada, Zahra Lorigooini
Summary: Epigenetic alterations play a significant role in cancer development, especially in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epigenetic therapies targeting CSCs are emerging as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, with phenolic compounds potentially neutralizing CSCs development and metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lu Zhang, Wenmin Chen, Suling Liu, Ceshi Chen
Summary: The potential roles of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in tumor initiation and recurrence have been recognized for many decades. Due to their strong capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, BCSCs are the major reasons for poor clinical outcomes and low therapeutic response. Several hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells have been proposed, including critical gene mutations in stem cells, dedifferentiation of somatic cells, and cell plasticity remodeling by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment, including cellular components and cytokines, modulates the self-renewal and therapeutic resistance of BCSCs. Small molecules, antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting BCSCs have been developed, and their applications in combination with conventional therapies are undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the features of BCSCs, emphasize the major factors and tumor environment that regulate the stemness of BCSCs, and discuss potential BCSC-targeting therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hongxia Duan, Yanhong Liu, Zhonggao Gao, Wei Huang
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal and unlimited proliferation capabilities, playing a crucial role in tumor occurrence and development. Targeting CSCs has the potential to improve cancer therapy efficiency, with promising strategies such as targeting CSC niches, signaling pathways, and mitochondria under development. Advances in CSC-targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) are being increasingly explored in the context of rapid progress in the field and nanotechnology.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ari Meerson, Soliman Khatib, Jamal Mahajna
Summary: Cancer stem cells can originate, cause resistance, and lead to metastasis in tumors. Natural products have the potential to target multiple signaling pathways effectively in cancer therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wookyeom Yang, Dasol Kim, Dae Kyoung Kim, Kyung Un Choi, Dong Soo Suh, Jae Ho Kim
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological malignancy, and its treatment remains a challenge. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in cancer relapse and treatment resistance, with their malignancy regulated by cell surface receptors and intracellular factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Huiying Ma, Tian Tian, Zhumei Cui
Summary: Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy characterized by tumor heterogeneity, limited early diagnosis methods, and high incidence of chemoresistant recurrent disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Understanding the role of CSCs in ovarian cancer can provide insights into the disease's progression and resistance mechanisms, leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the current research on targeting ovarian cancer stem cells, including signaling pathways, markers, and drugs, with the aim of improving the management of ovarian cancer patients using CSC-based therapies.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Tammy M. Holm, Syn Yeo, Kevin M. Turner, Jun-Lin Guan
Summary: Autophagy plays a crucial role in thyroid cancer, promoting tumor cell survival and metastasis, while also inhibiting tumor development by maintaining genomic stability. Autophagy inhibitors may enhance the effectiveness of thyroid cancer therapies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiaomeng Dai, Yixuan Guo, Yan Hu, Xuanwen Bao, Xudong Zhu, Qihan Fu, Hangyu Zhang, Zhou Tong, Lulu Liu, Yi Zheng, Peng Zhao, Weijia Fang
Summary: The rapid development and remarkable success of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment, including hepatocellular carcinoma, has provided significant breakthroughs. However, only a small percentage of patients benefit from these inhibitors, as cancer stem cells play a crucial role in recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion by CSCs in HCC is essential for developing effective therapies.
Article
Oncology
Man Chu, Cheng Zheng, Cheng Chen, Gendi Song, Xiaoli Hu, Zhi-wei Wang
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Numerous chemopreventive compounds, known as nutraceuticals, have been found to eliminate CSCs by regulating signaling pathways. These nutraceuticals, including soy isoflavone, curcumin, resveratrol, etc., may offer a promising strategy for treating cancer by targeting CSCs.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Xionghui Rao, Chaojun Zhang, Huixing Luo, Jianbao Zhang, Zhehong Zhuang, Zhihao Liang, Xiaobin Wu
Summary: Gastric cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer globally, mainly due to metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance. Cancer stem cells play a key role in these processes, and targeting gastric cancer stem cells is considered an effective treatment method. Genes and noncoding RNAs are important regulatory factors for GCSCs, and regulating these factors can target the stemness of gastric cancer, providing new directions for clinical treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mai Nguyen, Clodia Osipo
Summary: Breast cancer therapies have improved survival rates, but recurrence and drug resistance remain challenging. Phytoestrogens have been found to target breast cancer stem cells and may complement conventional therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bandana Chakravarti, Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Sana Raza
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells that possess the ability to self-renew and initiate tumors. CSCs exhibit resistance to traditional therapies and are a major driver of disease relapse. Recent studies have revealed that CSCs have distinct metabolic properties, and metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in their self-renewal and maintenance.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yao Sun, Bo Li, Qian Cao, Tongjun Liu, Jiannan Li
Summary: Nanomaterials are rapidly developing in the medical field, bringing new hope for treating refractory diseases. This article summarizes the characteristics of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells and reviews the latest research progress in using polymer nanoparticles to target cancer stem cells for treating gastrointestinal malignant tumors. Additionally, it highlights the potential of polymer nanoparticles in targeting gastrointestinal cancer stem cells.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Lei Du, Qi Cheng, Hao Zheng, Jinming Liu, Lei Liu, Quan Chen
Summary: This review provides an overview of current progress in colorectal cancer stem cell (CCSC) studies, including specific surface markers, intrinsic signaling pathways, and tumor organoid models. The review highlights the potential of targeting CCSCs through monoclonal antibodies, natural or synthetic compounds, or immunotherapy. Combinatory approaches targeting the stemness network may be important for eradicating cancer, considering the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Liping Pan, Juan Han, Ming Lin
Summary: For patients with refractory breast cancer, integrative immunotherapies are becoming crucial in treatment. However, many patients do not respond to treatment or relapse. The tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells play important roles in the progression of breast cancer. Modulating the immune system and targeting breast cancer stem cells directly are essential strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Laura Godfrey, Nicholas T. Crump, Sorcha O'Byrne, I-Jun Lau, Siobhan Rice, Joe R. Harman, Thomas Jackson, Natalina Elliott, Gemma Buck, Christopher Connor, Ross Thorne, David J. H. F. Knapp, Olaf Heidenreich, Paresh Vyas, Pablo Menendez, Sarah Inglott, Philip Ancliff, Huimin Geng, Irene Roberts, Anindita Roy, Thomas A. Milne
Summary: MLL gene rearrangements are a common cause of aggressive and incurable acute lymphoblastic leukemias in infants and children, with the most common MLLr producing an MLL-AF4 fusion protein that promotes leukemogenesis by activating key target genes. The aberrant expression of PROM1/CD133 is essential for leukemic cell growth, mediated by direct binding of MLL-AF4 and controlled by an intragenic H3K79me2/3 enhancer element. The dual locus regulation between PROM1 and the nearby gene TAPT1 is reflected in a strong correlation of expression in leukemia.
Article
Hematology
Gaetan Juban, Nathalie Sakakini, Hedia Chagraoui, David Cruz Hernandez, Qian Cheng, Kelly Soady, Bilyana Stoilova, Catherine Garnett, Dominic Waithe, Georg Otto, Jessica Doondeea, Batchimeg Usukhbayar, Elena Karkoulia, Maria Alexiou, John Strouboulis, Edward Morrissey, Irene Roberts, Catherine Porcher, Paresh Vyas
Summary: GATA1s induces defects in erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation at specific stages in the hematopoietic cellular hierarchy, resulting in a transient myeloproliferative disorder. The effects are more profound in ESC-derived cultures, where a delay in maturation and aberrant gene expression are observed in both erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage cells. Further studies are needed to understand the oncogenic action of GATA1s in the specific hematopoietic compartment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivo S. Muskens, Shaobo Li, Thomas Jackson, Natalina Elliot, Helen M. Hansen, Swe Swe Myint, Priyatama Pandey, Jeremy M. Schraw, Ritu Roy, Joaquin Anguiano, Katerina Goudevenou, Kimberly D. Siegmund, Philip J. Lupo, Marella F. T. R. de Bruijn, Kyle M. Walsh, Paresh Vyas, Xiaomei Ma, Anindita Roy, Irene Roberts, Joseph L. Wiemels, Adam J. de Smith
Summary: This study reveals genome-wide perturbation of gene expression in Down syndrome, mediated by epigenetic changes, and significant differential methylation, including in hematopoietic regulators RUNX1 and FLI1. The findings suggest a potential link between the epigenetic dysregulation and hematological problems, like leukemia, in children with Down syndrome.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Paresh Vyas
Summary: The non-genetic mechanisms of transformation are still not well-understood. Muto et al. present preclinical evidence that loss of TRAF6 expression promotes transformation through a MYC-dependent mechanism, which may be regulated by environmental inflammatory signals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul Glynne, Natasha Tahmasebi, Vanya Gant, Rajeev Gupta
Summary: Long COVID is characterized by the emergence of multiple debilitating symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A study showed that patients with long COVID had T cell abnormalities, including reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory cells and increased PD-1 expression on central memory cells. 72% of long COVID patients who received histamine receptor antagonists reported clinical improvement, although T cell profiling did not clearly distinguish those who responded to the medication.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
James W. Day, Thomas A. Fox, Rajeev Gupta, Asim Khwaja, Andrew J. Wilson, Panagiotis Kottaridis
Summary: This case provides supporting evidence for the use of single agent gilteritinib in high-risk primary refractory FLT3-mutated AML with t(6;9) prior to transplantation.
LEUKEMIA RESEARCH REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Mikkael A. Sekeres, Michael Schuster, Magalie Joris, Juergen Krauter, Johan Maertens, Dimitri Breems, Emmanuel Gyan, Tibor Kovacsovics, Amit Verma, Paresh Vyas, Eunice S. Wang, Keith Ching, Thomas O'Brien, Corrado Gallo Stampino, Weidong Wendy Ma, Arthur Kudla, Geoffrey Chan, Amer M. Zeidan
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of glasdegib in combination with azacitidine for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML and MDS patients. The results showed that this combination therapy had good safety and clinical benefits.
ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Alexander E. Perl, Paresh Vyas
Summary: Two publications provide new insights into risk stratification in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and mutations in IDH1, IDH2, or FLT3 who received initial therapy with venetoclax and azacitidine, setting the stage for future trials integrating molecularly targeted therapy with this new standard regimen.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Stephane de Botton, Pau Montesinos, Andre C. Schuh, Cristina Papayannidis, Paresh Vyas, Andrew H. Wei, Hans Ommen, Sergey Semochkin, Hee-Je Kim, Richard A. Larson, Jaime Koprivnikar, Olga Frankfurt, Felicitas Thol, Joerg Chromik, Jenny Byrne, Arnaud Pigneux, Xavier Thomas, Olga Salamero, Maria Belen Vidriales, Vadim Doronin, Hartmut Doehner, Amir T. Fathi, Eric Laille, Xin Yu, Maroof Hasan, Patricia Martin-Regueira, Courtney D. DiNardo
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of the oral IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib with conventional care regimens (CCR) in older patients with late-stage mutant-IDH2 AML. Enasidenib significantly improved event-free survival, time to treatment failure, overall response rate, hematologic improvement, and transfusion independence compared to CCR. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival, possibly due to early dropout and subsequent AML-directed therapies.
Article
Hematology
Daniel A. Arber, Attilio Orazi, Robert P. Hasserjian, Michael J. Borowitz, Katherine R. Calvo, Hans-Michael Kvasnicka, Sa A. Wang, Adam Bagg, Tiziano Barbui, Susan Branford, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Jorge E. Cortes, Paola Dal Cin, Courtney D. DiNardo, Herve Dombret, Eric J. Duncavage, Benjamin L. Ebert, Elihu H. Estey, Fabio Facchetti, Kathryn Foucar, Naseema Gangat, Umberto Gianelli, Lucy A. Godley, Nicola Gokbuget, Jason Gotlib, Eva Hellstrom-Lindberg, Gabriela S. Hobbs, Ronald Hoffman, Elias J. Jabbour, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Richard A. Larson, Michelle M. Le Beau, Mignon L. -C. Loh, Bob Lowenberg, Elizabeth Macintyre, Luca Malcovati, Charles G. Mullighan, Charlotte Niemeyer, Olatoyosi M. Odenike, Seishi Ogawa, Alberto Orfao, Elli Papaemmanuil, Francesco Passamonti, Kimmo Porkka, Ching-Hon Pui, Jerald P. Radich, Andreas Reiter, Maria Rozman, Martina Rudelius, Michael R. Savona, Charles A. Schiffer, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Akiko Shimamura, Jorge Sierra, Wendy A. Stock, Richard M. Stone, Martin S. Tallman, Juergen Thiele, Hwei-Fang Tien, Alexandar Tzankov, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Paresh Vyas, Andrew H. Wei, Olga K. Weinberg, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Mario Cazzola, Hartmut Dohner, Ayalew Tefferi
Summary: In 2016, the WHO, Society for Hematopathology, and European Association for Haematopathology collaborated to update the classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias, advancing the field of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas R. Jackson, Aini Vuorinen, Laia Josa-Cullere, Katrina S. Madden, Daniel Conole, Thomas J. Cogswell, Isabel V. L. Wilkinson, Laura M. Kettyle, Douzi Zhang, Alison O'Mahony, Deanne Gracias, Lorna McCall, Robert Westwood, Georg C. Terstappen, Stephen G. Davies, Edward W. Tate, Graham M. Wynne, Paresh Vyas, Angela J. Russell, Thomas A. Milne
Summary: This study found that tubulin disruptors can induce differentiation of AML cells, leading to decreased tumor burden and increased survival rates in vivo.
Review
Oncology
Naval G. Daver, Abhishek Maiti, Tapan M. Kadia, Paresh Vyas, Ravindra Majeti, Andrew H. Wei, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Charles Craddock, David A. Sallman, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Summary: TP53-mutated MDS and AML are a distinct group of myeloid disorders with poor outcomes. Recent advances have identified novel pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapies, including immunotherapeutic and nonimmune-based approaches, for the treatment of this entity.
Article
Hematology
Sylvie D. Freeman, Abin Thomas, Ian Thomas, Robert K. Hills, Paresh Vyas, Amanda Gilkes, Marlen Metzner, Niels Asger Jakobsen, Alison Kennedy, Rachel Moore, Nuria Marquez Almuina, Sarah Burns, Sophie King, Georgia Andrew, Kathleen M. E. Gallagher, Rob S. Sellar, Paul Cahalin, Duruta Weber, Mike Dennis, Priyanka Mehta, Steven Knapper, Nigel H. Russell
Summary: Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy improves outcomes in older AML patients, especially those with MRD<0.1% and IDH mutations. The survival advantage from this treatment is dependent on allogeneic transplantation.
Article
Oncology
Naval G. Daver, Paresh Vyas, Suman Kambhampati, Monzr M. Al Malki, Richard A. Larson, Adam S. Asch, Gabriel Mannis, Wanxing Chai-Ho, Tiffany N. Tanaka, Terrence J. Bradley, Deepa Jeyakumar, Eunice S. Wang, Kendra Sweet, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Rami Komrokji, Guan Xing, Giridharan Ramsingh, Camille Renard, Joshua F. Zeidner, David A. Sallman
Summary: Magrolimab combined with azacitidine showed promising efficacy and tolerability in patients with untreated AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, including those with TP53 mutations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Hematology
Wei Yee Chan, Catherine Zhu, Emilie Sanchez, Rajeev Gupta, Adele Fielding, Asim Khwaja, Elspeth Payne, Jenny O'Nions
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2022)
