Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fang-Ru Li, Lu Liu, Ya-Ping Liu, Jin-Tang Wang, Mei-Lian Yang, Afsar Khan, Xu-Jie Qin, Yu-Dan Wang, Gui-Guang Cheng
Summary: Six bisindole alkaloids were isolated from the leaves and stems of Melodinus cochinchinensis through HRESIMS data analysis. Extensive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the structures of these compounds, with Melokhanines K-M being new compounds introduced for the first time.
Article
Plant Sciences
Pengfei Jin, Guanqun Zhan, Guijuan Zheng, Junjun Liu, Xiang Peng, Lang Huang, Biao Gao, Xinghua Yuan, Guangmin Yao
Summary: Novel triamino monoterpene indole alkaloids were isolated from Gelsemium elegans, including gelstriamine A with a unique scaffold, and exhibited discernible analgesic activities. One of the compounds, N-desmethoxyhumantenine N-4-oxide, showed more potent analgesic activities than morphine in experimental tests.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lu Liu, Ming-Jun Xie, Wen-Bing Zhou, Jin-Tang Wang, Jia-Yi Wang, Afsar Khan, Ya-Ping Liu, Jian-Xin Cao, Gui-Guang Cheng, Wen-Yuan Mao
Summary: Phytochemical investigation of Melodinus fusiformis led to the discovery of a new aspidosperma-aspidosperma bisindole alkaloid, along with three known BIAs. The compounds exhibited various cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory activities, with BIA 2 showing particularly strong effects on MCF-7 cell lines.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhi-Wen Liu, Min Song, Jun-Ya Wang, De-Zhi Wang, Biao Sun, Lei Shi, Ren-Wang Jiang, Min Ma, Xiao-Qi Zhang
Summary: Eight unprecedented monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) adducts and dimers, melofusinines A-H (1-8), and three undescribed melodinus-type MIA monomers, melofusinines I-K (9-11), were isolated from Melodinus fusiformis. Compounds 1 and 2 are hybrid indole alkaloids incorporating an aspidospermatan-type MIA with a monoterpenoid alkaloid unit. Compounds 3-8 are the first MIA dimers constructed through an aspidospermatan-type monomer and a rearranged melodinus-type monomer.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Passakorn Teerapongpisan, Virayu Suthiphasilp, Pakit Kumboonma, Tharakorn Maneerat, Thidarat Duangyod, Rawiwan Charoensup, Raymond J. Andersen, Surat Laphookhieo
Summary: The first phytochemical investigation of the twigs of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. led to the discovery of four previously undescribed alkaloids, including two aporphine dimers, phaeanthuslucidines A and B, a hybrid of aristolactam-aporphine, phaeanthuslucidine C, and a C-N linked aporphine dimer, phaeanthuslucidine D, along with two known compounds. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previous reports. Chiral HPLC analysis of phaeanthuslucidines A-C and bidebiline E yielded the (R-a) and (S-a) atropisomers, whose absolute configurations were determined by ECD calculations. Phaeanthuslucidines A and B, bidebiline E, and lanuginosine exhibited alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 6.7 to 29.2 μM. Molecular docking simulations of the active compounds' inhibition of alpha-glucosidase were also studied.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li-Xuan Li, Long Min, Tian-Bing Yao, Shu-Xiao Ji, Chuang Qiao, Pei-Lin Tian, Jianwei Sun, Chuang-Chuang Li
Summary: The first total synthesis of daphgraciline, a member of Daphniphyllum yuzurine-type alkaloids, has been achieved. The unique structure of the yuzurine-type subfamily was efficiently assembled using a novel method, and the complex skeleton and key moiety were successfully constructed. This study provides a foundation for the further synthesis of enantioenriched daphgraciline with high stereochemistry.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Hugues Fouotsa, Pierre Mkounga, Alain Meli Lannang, Jerome Vanheuverzwijn, Zhiyu Zhou, Karine Leblanc, Somia Rharrabti, Augustin Ephrem Nkengfack, Jean-Francois Gallard, Veronique Fontaine, Franck Meyer, Erwan Poupon, Pierre Le Pogam, Mehdi A. Beniddir
Summary: A new monoterpene indole alkaloid pseudodimer was isolated from the stem bark of Voacanga africana, featuring an unprecedented intermonomeric linkage and representing the first pyrraline-containing representative in the monoterpene indole alkaloids group. The structure was established using HRMS, NMR data, and SMART 2.0, with the absolute configuration assigned using the exciton chirality method and TD-DFT ECD calculations. Biosynthetic hypotheses underlying these structural oddities were proposed.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin-Hua Gao, Pei-Qian Wu, Yao-Yue Fan, Bin Zhou, Jian-Min Yue
Summary: Seven complex monoterpenoid indole-quinoline and bisindole alkaloids, suadimins D-J (1-7), with previously unreported carbon-carbon linkages, were isolated and identified from the twigs and leaves of Melodinus suaveolens. Their structures were determined through a combination of diverse methods, with a focus on extensive spectroscopic data analysis and electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against three cancer cell lines was evaluated, and some showed moderate activities with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 8.0 μM.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dan Jiang, Peng Tang, Hongbing Xiong, Shuai Lei, Yulian Zhang, Chongzhou Zhang, Ling He, Hanyue Qiu, Min Zhang
Summary: We describe a homo-Mannich reaction between cyclopropanol and an iminium ion, generated through the asymmetric allylic dearomatization of indole, to construct a tricyclic hydrocarbazole core that is shared by various monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. This approach introduces a quaternary stereogenic center, as well as an allyl and a ketone group, into the hydrocarbazole scaffold. Using this functionalized hydrocarbazole as a structural platform, we successfully assembled D and E rings of different sizes, leading to the asymmetric synthesis of seven alkaloids belonging to the ibophyllidine, Aspidosperma, Kopsia, and Melodinus alkaloid families.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Lang Zhao, Zhi-Hua Yan, Shuai Tang, Zhong-Lin Wei, Wei-Wei Liao
Summary: A Bronsted acid-promoted cyclodimerization of C(3)-, C(2)-, or N(1)-substituted indole ketone derivatives can efficiently produce a wide range of structurally diverse bisindole compounds in good yields.
Review
Plant Sciences
Si-Fan Teng, Fang-Ru Li, Qi-Min Cui, Afsar Khan, Ting He, Xiao-Dong Luo, Ya-Ping Liu, Gui-Guang Cheng
Summary: Indole alkaloids are diverse natural products in plants with significant biological effects on human health. The genus Melodinus is rich in mono- and bis-indole alkaloids, which have been traditionally used for various medical purposes. This article provides a comprehensive review on the phytochemical diversity and pharmacological effects of indole alkaloids from Melodinus species. A total of 345 indole alkaloids have been reported, exhibiting cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. The review aims to promote further development and utilization of Melodinus species.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mengwei Xu, Rui Peng, Qing Min, Siwen Hui, Xin Chen, Guang Yang, Shuanglin Qin
Summary: The number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide is increasing, making the search for effective cancer cures a top priority. Natural products, especially bisindoles, have shown promising anticancer activity and have been extensively studied. This review focuses on bisindole alkaloids extracted from various natural products and their potential therapeutic effects, highlighting the progress made in cancer treatment research with 242 bisindole alkaloids.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Meilian Yang, Yudan Wang, Zhifeng Fan, Qingwang Xue, Guy Sedar Singor Njateng, Yaping Liu, Jianxin Cao, Afsar Khan, Guiguang Cheng
Summary: The study identified 21 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) in MCTA, with aspidospermine- and quinolone-type alkaloids as major compounds. MCTA demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B and MAPK pathways in both in vitro and in vivo assessments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hannah M. Parks, Maris A. Cinelli, Matthew A. Bedewitz, Josh M. Grabar, Steven M. Hurney, Kevin D. Walker, A. Daniel Jones, Cornelius S. Barry
Summary: This study reveals major changes in the root alkaloid metabolome of Atropa belladonna when pyrrolidine ketide synthase (AbPyKS) is silenced, leading to the discovery of almost 40 pyrrolidine alkaloids that increase. These alkaloids share a core structure formed through the nonenzymatic Mannich-like decarboxylative condensation of the N-methyl Delta(1)-pyrrolinium cation with 2-O-malonylphenyllactate. This research provides insights into the complexity of the A. belladonna root metabolome and lays the foundation for further exploration of the biosynthesis, function, and potential applications of these novel alkaloids.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Jiahang Yan, Yanxia Zhen, Pengyan Wang, Yimeng Han, Huanhuan Zou, Junhan Chen, Weigang He, Weiqing Xie
Summary: In this study, a de novo synthesis of the bisindole alkaloid geissolosimine was accomplished, along with the synthesis of related compounds and the demonstration of an innovative strategy. These findings provide new insights for further research.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yajie Wang, Jiabin Tan, Peng Hu, Qiang Pei, Yan Wen, Wenqing Ma, Keqian Shi, Zengzheng Li, Huiyuan Li, Fengyu Cheng, Xuezhong Gu, Xiangmei Yao, Yan Man, Renbin Zhao, Shuai Feng, Xiao Ding, Tonghua Yang
Summary: The traditional Chinese compound Bu Shen Hui Yang Fang (BSHY) enhances the immune system of leukemia patients during chemotherapy and lowers the risk of infection. Studies have shown that BSHY treatment can increase the number of lymphocytes in the spleens of mice and enhance lymphocyte proliferation by upregulating the IL-4 signaling pathway in an immunosuppressed mouse model.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ning-Dong Zhao, Yu-Lin Li, Yu Song, Bao-Jia Yang, Xiao Ding, Fang Gao, Jian Ye, Xiao-Jiang Hao, Yu Zhang, Shun-Lin Li
Summary: Ten new nortriterpenes, euphorbiumrins A-J, were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera, along with three known analogues. Compound 5 displayed significant anti-tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) activity, with an inhibition rate of 71.7% at a concentration of 40 µg/mL.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bao-Jia Yang, Juan Wang, Zheng-Quan Zeng, Xu Yang, Ai-Ying Huang, Xiao-Jiang Hao, Xiao Ding, Shun-Lin Li
Summary: Sesquiterpene lactones from Carpesium abrotanoides can induce apoptosis and protective autophagy in cancer cells, with compound 6 showing the strongest activity and ability to induce G2/M arrest and ROS accumulation. This study provides a series of compounds with potential clinical applications.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yi-Ting Wang, Xin-Yan Long, Xiao Ding, Shi-Rui Fan, Jie-Yun Cai, Bi-Juan Yang, Xin-Fang Zhang, Rong-hua Luo, Lian Yang, Ting Ruan, Juan Ren, Chen-Xu Jing, Yong-Tang Zheng, Xiao-Jiang Hao, Duo-Zhi Chen
Summary: Novel phenanthridine derivatives targeting NPro were designed and synthesized, leading to the discovery of two potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds that interact with NPro and inhibit viral replication. This study highlights the potential of targeting NPro as a strategy for developing new antiviral agents.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mingxian Lan, Xi Gao, Xiuan Duan, Hongmei Li, Hang Yu, Jinliang Li, Yueqin Zhao, Xiaojiang Hao, Yuhan Zhao, Xiao Ding, Guoxing Wu
Summary: New potential neurotoxins tirotundin and parthenolide isolated from Tithonia diversifolia and Chrysanthemum parthenium were found to inhibit AChE in a dose-dependent manner, with reversible inhibition in a mixed-type competitive manner. These compounds may act as dual binding site AChE inhibitors, providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel pesticides.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chen Chen, Xiao Ding, Lingling Han, Wentao Zhu, Kepu Huang, Xiaojiang Hao, Yu Zhang
Summary: Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids and six known alkaloids were isolated from the methanol extract of Kopsia arborea. The structures and absolute configurations of the alkaloids were determined through various analytical methods. The cytotoxicity of these alkaloids against two human cancer cell lines was evaluated.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yueqin Zhao, Xu Yang, Jimin Fei, Xianxiang Dong, Yinyuan Wang, Shan Yang, Xiaojiang Hao, Xiao Ding, Yuhan Zhao
Summary: In this study, three new limonoids were isolated from Walsura yunnanensis, and their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells was evaluated. The compounds showed significant inhibition of cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenbo Zhuang, Dafeng Hu, Xudong Zhang, Kai Xiong, Xiao Ding, Jian Lu, Yong Mao, Peng Yang, Chao Liu, Yanfen Wan
Summary: By using Ginkgo biloba extracts as a reducing agent and capping agent, we have successfully synthesized silver nanoparticles with remarkable antibacterial activities. The Ginkgo biloba extracts were found to be crucial for the preparation of uniform and monodispersed silver nanoparticles.
FRONTIERS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiao Ding, Xu Yang, Yueqin Zhao, Yinyuan Wang, Jimin Fei, Zhenpeng Niu, Xianxiang Dong, Xuenan Wang, Biao Liu, Hongmei Li, Xiaojiang Hao, Yuhan Zhao
Summary: Lysosomal biogenesis is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and defects in this process are associated with lysosome-related diseases. This study established a screening system using lysosomes to identify compounds that promote lysosomal biogenesis. One of the compounds screened, Hdj-23 from Walsura cochinchinensis, was found to induce lysosomal biogenesis through activation of TFEB/TFE3.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hui-Hui Guo, Hao-Ran Shen, Ming-Ze Tang, Ning Sheng, Xiao Ding, Yuan Lin, Jin-Lan Zhang, Jian-Dong Jiang, Tian-Le Gao, Lu-Lu Wang, Yan-Xing Han
Summary: This study revealed that the Dengzhan shengmai (DZSM) formula improves cerebral ischemic diseases by regulating the gut microbiota and their production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). DZSM treatment altered the gut microbiota composition and enhanced SCFA production, leading to the inhibition of neurocyte apoptosis and the improvement of cerebral neuropathy and oxidative stress. Additionally, DZSM repaired gut barrier integrity, reduced endotoxin translocation, and attenuated neuro-inflammation.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhenpeng Niu, Guihua Tang, Xuenan Wang, Xu Yang, Yueqin Zhao, Yinyuan Wang, Qin Liu, Fan Zhang, Yuhan Zhao, Xiao Ding, Xiaojiang Hao
Summary: This study investigated the effect of trigonochinene E (TE) on lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, and revealed the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that TE promotes lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy by activating transcription factors TFEB and TFE3. Mechanistically, TE regulates lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy through the PERK-calcineurin axis and IRE1 alpha-STAT3 axis. Furthermore, TE-induced autophagy protects NP cells from oxidative stress to ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).
Article
Plant Sciences
Jinliang Li, Fengchao Li, Guoxing Wu, Furong Gui, Hongmei Li, Lili Xu, Xiaojiang Hao, Yuhan Zhao, Xiao Ding, Xiaoping Qin
Summary: In this study, two new sesquiterpenes were isolated from Laggera pterodonta, along with six known eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was characterized. The results showed that these compounds had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on AChE, with compound 5 exhibiting the highest inhibitory activity. Additionally, all compounds showed certain levels of toxicity on C. elegans and displayed good ADMET properties.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiuping Guo, Rui Li, Jinjin Cui, Chujuan Hu, Haoyang Yu, Ling Ren, Yangyang Cheng, Jiandong Jiang, Xiao Ding, Lulu Wang
Summary: This study aims to explore the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) effect of Erigeron breviscapus injection (EBI) and its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrate that EBI significantly inhibits the proliferation of CRC cells, suppresses the migration and invasion of SW620 cells, and exerts its antitumor effect through inducing necroptosis of tumor cells. Furthermore, EBI activates the RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway and promotes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, enhancing its anticancer effect.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Yan, Jie Chen, Mingyou Peng, Xiong Zhang, Enming Feng, Qindan Li, Bing Guo, Xiao Ding, Yu Zhang, Lei Tang
Summary: Ten previously undescribed sesquiterpenes and eight known compounds were isolated from Carpesium faberi. One of the compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, inducing cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation. This study expands the knowledge of the structural diversity of sesquiterpenes and provides experimental evidence for targeting cytoprotective autophagy as a potential chemotherapeutic strategy.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jin-Jin Cui, Rui Li, Xiao-Lei Ma, Hao-Yang Yu, Zhi-Gang Luo, Peng Du, Ling Ren, Xiao Ding, Xiu-Ping Guo, Wen-Sheng Zheng, Jian-Dong Jiang, Yongsheng Che, Lu-Lu Wang
Summary: The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial and composite, with lipid metabolism-induced lipotoxicity being one of the main risk factors. Atorvastatin (AT), the most widely prescribed lipid-lowering drug, has beneficial effects on NAFLD treatment. However, its low absorption rate in the gut and potential disruption of gut flora limit its applications. In this study, a prebiotic-based AT nanoamorphous (PANA) was developed to enhance AT efficacy against NAFLD by improving liver and gut health. Oral administration of PANA resulted in increased drug accumulation in the liver tissue and restored gut health, as indicated by reconstructed gut flora, improved intestinal immunity, barrier integrity, and inflammation. Compared to AT, PANA treatment showed significant inhibition of weight gain and fat deposition, decreased plasma lipid levels, and alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Transcriptome analysis suggested improved immunity and inflammation as potential mechanisms. This study presents a promising strategy for NAFLD treatment using nanotechnology and functional biomaterials in synergy.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Saeed Reza Simaei, Vahid Reza Askari, Mahboobeh Rostami, Mohammad Kamalinejad, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Mohammadreza Morovati, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Zahra Jafari, Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
Summary: This study demonstrates that lavender and metformin have similar effects in treating PCOS patients, as both significantly increase progesterone levels and regulate menstrual cycles.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Peng-Ran Cao, Xiao Ren, Jie Lin, Yun-Long Mu, Yue-Qi Shan, Jing-Tong Zhu, Rong-Yi Xu, Xue-Xia Zhang, Wei-Guo Hu, Xin-Hua Lu
Summary: Four previously unknown angucyclinones umezawaones A-D (1-4) were isolated from the liquid cultures of Umezawaea beigongshangensis. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical 13C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. All compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase in enzymatic assays, with compound 2 showing the highest activity.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Marwa Mersni, Bingqing Zhou, Guillaume Reversat, Mohamed Larbi Khouja, Alexandre Guy, Camille Oger, Jean-Marie Galano, Thierry Durand, Chokri Messaoud, Claire Vigor
Summary: The relevance of oxylipins as biomarkers of oxidative stress has been established in recent years. This study evaluated the lipidomic profiling of different aerial parts of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. using LC-MS/MS technology for the first time. The analysis revealed the existence of six PhytoPs and three PhytoFs, with stems having the highest amount of these metabolites. This study provides a foundation for exploring Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. as a potential source of plant oxylipins for therapeutic or pharmaceutical uses.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Lorenzo Buzzelli, Andrea Segreti, Daniela Di Gioia, Erika Lemme, Maria Rosaria Squeo, Antonio Nenna, Giuseppe Di Gioia
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive assessment of red yeast rice, including its biochemical composition, historical studies, cardiovascular disease prevention, and other clinical effects. Red yeast rice preparations have been proven safe and effective in improving lipid profiles, with a potential role in reducing cardiovascular risk.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xiuwen Zheng, Yuxin Zhang, Yinfeng Tan, Yonghui Li, Qianrong Xue, Hailong Li, Xuguang Zhang, Yipeng Pan, Jian Xu, Junqing Zhang
Summary: Alpinia officinarum Hance (AOH) may protect against diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) through multiple mechanisms, including lowering blood glucose levels, increasing gastrointestinal propulsion rate, improving gastric histological morphology, and regulating gut microbiota.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Na Chen, Rui Xie, Jia-pei Chen, Ying-li Zhong, Xian-wen Zhang, Qing-wen Gui, Chun Guo, Hua Yang
Summary: The study clones the SinSyn gene from Sinomenium acutum and analyzes its catalytic activity, confirming the biosynthetic pathway of sinoacutine and discussing its classification and pharmacological action.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Noura Bentarhlia, Badr Eddine Kartah, Mouhcine Fadil, Said El Harkaoui, Bertrand Matthaeus, Oualid Abboussi, Hanaa Abdelmoumen, Omar Bouhnik, Hanae El Monfalouti
Summary: The lipidic extract of Dittrichia viscosa exhibits significant wound healing activity and antimicrobial effects. It is rich in fatty acids such as linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, as well as compounds like gamma-tocopherols and sterols.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hawraa Zbeeb, Hala Khalifeh, Giulio Lupidi, Francesca Baldini, Lama Zeaiter, Mohamad Khalil, Annalisa Salis, Gianluca Damonte, Laura Vergani
Summary: This study assessed the biological properties of S. spinosum fruits and found that the ethanolic extract exhibited significant anti-steatotic and antioxidant activities.
