Article
Agronomy
Hakim Manghwar, Amjad Hussain, Qurban Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muyassar H. Abualreesh, Aishah Alatawi, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis
Summary: Wheat varieties with higher defense mechanisms, such as Shafaq-2006, show greater resistance compared to more susceptible varieties like Sahar-2006. Analysis of biochemical and physiological parameters revealed that resistant wheat plants exhibited improved growth and higher gene expression levels, indicating activation of defense mechanisms.
Article
Microbiology
Angelica Gutierrez-Sanchez, Javier Plasencia, Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva, Benjamin Rodriguez-Haas, Eliel Ruiz-May, Jose A. Guerrero-Analco, Diana Sanchez-Rangel
Summary: This review analyzes the current research status of Fusarium VF, focusing on their biological targets on plant hosts. The article points out that the mechanisms and contributions of these VF to the infection process are still unknown, and proposes relevant research questions that need to be further studied.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Huan Han, Caini Wang, Xiaoyan Yang, Lina Wang, Jiabao Ye, Feng Xu, Yongling Liao, Weiwei Zhang
Summary: This study provides an overview of the structure, classification, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of basic leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIPs) and their molecular mechanisms in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. bZIPs are highly conserved transcription factors in eukaryotic organisms and play crucial roles in plant growth and development, stress response, and secondary metabolism. The paper elaborates on the structure, classification, biological function, and regulatory mechanisms of bZIPs, as well as their molecular mechanisms in regulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and lignin. This review is significant for understanding the molecular mechanisms of bZIPs in secondary metabolite synthesis and plant molecular breeding.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kun Luo, Therese Ouellet, Huiyan Zhao, Xiukang Wang, Zhensheng Kang
Summary: Recent studies have shown synergistic effects of the coexistence of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum on wheat spikes. Understanding the relationship between wheat-aphids and wheat-pathogens has contributed to the understanding of these tripartite interactions at the ecological level. In addition, preexposure to the herbivore S. avenae triggers the accumulation of mycotoxins, stimulating the infection process of F. graminearum and the epidemic of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in agroecosystems.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xiaodi Xu, Yong Chen, Boqiang Li, Shiping Tian
Summary: This study functionally characterized four PRMTs in P. expansum and demonstrated the important roles of PeRmtC in the development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of P. expansum.
Review
Plant Sciences
Qussai Zuriegat, Yuru Zheng, Hong Liu, Zonghua Wang, Yingzi Yun
Summary: Fusarium oxysporum is a soilborne plant pathogen that secretes various virulence factors and must respond to stresses from the environment and host during infection. Research has identified 26 functionally characterized transcription factors in F. oxysporum, with 23 playing important roles in pathogenicity, particularly the largest family being zinc finger TF family.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Pooja Jangir, Namita Mehra, Karuna Sharma, Neeraja Singh, Mamta Rani, Rupam Kapoor
Summary: Fusarium oxysporum is a notorious pathogen causing significant yield losses in high-value crops, with diverse SIX genes used as ideal markers for pathogen identification. Horizontal transfer of SIX-encoding chromosomes leads to the evolution of new virulent strains, involved in defining variation in host specificity.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Chang Guo, Xiaona Wang, Qi Wang, Zipeng Zhao, Bing Xie, Lang Xu, Ruijie Zhang
Summary: This review provides an overview of the effects of ozone pollution on plant secondary metabolism. It explores the role of plant secondary metabolism in defense against ozone stress and adaptation to ozone-polluted environments, while summarizing the severity of ozone pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Yang, Panpan Huang, Yutong Ma, Ruoxuan Jiang, Cong Jiang, Guanghui Wang
Summary: This review focuses on signal sensing and transduction in Fusarium species, highlighting the role of G protein-coupled receptors and MAP kinase pathways. These signaling pathways play important roles in the growth, development, and pathogenicity of Fusarium fungi, and they are involved in coordinating fungal developments and infection-related morphogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laura Righetti, Dhaka Ram Bhandari, Enrico Rolli, Sara Tortorella, Renato Bruni, Chiara Dall'Asta, Bernhard Spengler
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on wheat metabolism, revealing that plants exhibit a local defense response when exposed to toxins, potentially triggered by eavesdropping on the presence of the fungus. The research suggests that mycotoxins may initiate a plant defense mechanism and operate on multiple organs in response to fungal presence.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Huchen Chen, Shengnan He, Shuhan Zhang, Runa A, Wenling Li, Shouan Liu
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between Botrytis cinerea and its host plants. The results show that upon infection, plant defense responses change from activation to repression. The transcription factor BcSpd1 plays a key role in suppressing plant defense and affecting fungal pathogenicity.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Prabhjot Singla, Rachana D. Bhardwaj, Sucheta Sharma, Sunidhi
Summary: Plants and fungi engage in a complex interaction where fungi employ various strategies to extract nutrients from host plants, while plants have developed constitutive and induced defense mechanisms to counteract fungal attacks. However, this ongoing co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and plants at the molecular level remains a topic of intensive research. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate events occurring during plant-fungus interaction and shed light on the unexpected complexity of this process.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Caixia Wang, Zhen Huang, Zhenzhen Duan, Lixiang Zhu, Ruolin Di, Yixue Bao, Charles A. Powell, Qin Hu, Baoshan Chen, Muqing Zhang, Wei Yao
Summary: Pokkah Boeng disease (PBD) is a major disease affecting sugarcane in China, causing severe damage to sugarcane production and economic development. This study aimed to analyze the function of the FsPL gene, which is a key virulence factor of F. sacchari, inducing plant cell death and triggering plant defense responses.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Mirwais M. M. Qaderi, Ashley B. B. Martel, Courtney A. A. Strugnell
Summary: Abiotic environmental stress can affect plant metabolism, leading to changes in secondary metabolites. However, the response of these compounds to climate change is not well understood. As the effects of climate change continue to increase, understanding the regulation of secondary metabolism becomes more important. Research is ongoing to investigate the effects of climate change components on secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids, and their interactions. Understanding the role of secondary metabolites in plant adaptation to climate change is crucial.
Review
Plant Sciences
Boaz Negin, Georg Jander
Summary: The majority of plant specialized metabolites serve as defense mechanisms against herbivores, with identical or structurally distinct compounds repeatedly targeting the same herbivorous animals. This may be due to constraints in plant primary metabolism and limited accessible targets in animals. The complex biosynthetic pathways of unique defensive compounds in individual genera or species may complicate their repeated evolution in different plant species.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jovana Kos, Elizabet Janic Hajnal, Bojana Radic, Lato Pezo, Alexandra Malachova, Rudolf Krska, Michael Sulyok
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Aspergillus metabolites in 458 maize samples collected during 2016 and 2017 in the Republic of Serbia. The results showed a higher prevalence of Aspergillus metabolites in maize from 2017 compared to 2016, which may be attributed to higher deviations of air temperature and a smaller amount of precipitation in the maize growing season of 2017. The creation of an extensive database of Aspergillus metabolites based on the analysis of a large number of maize samples collected in two different years in the Republic of Serbia contributes significantly to the existing knowledge in this field.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Jamnik, Mira Flasch, Dominik Braun, Yasmin Fareed, Daniel Wasinger, David Seki, David Berry, Angelika Berger, Lukas Wisgrill, Benedikt Warth
Summary: Exposure to synthetic and natural chemicals is a major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. This study developed a sensitive method to analyze diverse xenobiotics and applied it to assess early-life exposure in vulnerable infants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kolawole I. Ayeni, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Benedikt Warth, Chibundu N. Ezekiel
Summary: This study evaluated the presence of mycotoxins and other contaminants in complementary foods consumed by Nigerian infants and young children. The results showed that some foods exceeded the EU safety threshold for aflatoxin and fumonisin. Other mycotoxins were also detected. The study emphasizes the importance of storage and hygiene practices during food preparation and feeding.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christina Hartmann, Thomas Jamnik, Stefan Weiss, Martina Goess, Yasmin Fareed, Vito Satrapa, Dominik Braun, Mira Flasch, Benedikt Warth, Maria Uhl
Summary: Two multi-analyte LC-MS/MS methods were used to study the concentrations of 33 chemical substances in urine samples from 85 Austrian school children aged 6-10 years. The study found correlations between different chemical compounds, highlighting the need to consider multiple exposures and mixture effects. The results demonstrate simultaneous exposure to several different chemicals, with potential impact on the endocrine system, emphasizing the importance of policy actions and further assessments on mixtures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mathias Mayer, Bradley Matthews, Hans Sanden, Klaus Katzensteiner, Frank Hagedorn, Markus Gorfer, Harald Berger, Torsten W. Berger, Douglas L. Godbold, Boris Rewald
Summary: Ectomycorrhizal fungi can either accelerate or decelerate decomposition of organic matter depending on soil fertility. This study suggests that under low fertility, ECM fungi slow down decomposition, while under high fertility, they speed it up.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Felipe Penagos-Tabares, Michael Sulyok, Juan-Ignacio Artavia, Samanta-Irais Flores-Quiroz, Cesar Garzon-Perez, Ezequias Castillo-Lopez, Luis Zavala, Juan-David Orozco, Johannes Faas, Rudolf Krska, Qendrim Zebeli
Summary: This study analyzed a wide range of mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites in dairy feeds from Mexican farms, and found widespread contamination. Fusarium-derived secondary metabolites were the most frequently detected fungal compounds. The most commonly detected mycotoxins in the feeds were zearalenone, fumonisin B1, and deoxynivalenol.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ulrich Gueldener, Thorsten Kessler, Moritz von Scheidt, Johann S. Hawe, Beatrix Gerhard, Dieter Maier, Mark Lachmann, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Salvatore Cassese, Albert W. Schoemig, Adnan Kastrati, Heribert Schunkert
Summary: This study applied self-organizing maps (SOMs) to detect regular patterns in multi-layered data for better prediction of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting. The SOM approach identified known and novel predictors for restenosis risk, but did not significantly improve the prediction of ISR compared to conventional multivariable models.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dawid Dygas, Wiktoria Liszkowska, Aleksandra Steglinska, Michael Sulyok, Dorota Kregiel, Joanna Berlowska
Summary: The potential of enriching rapeseed meal (RM) with single-cell protein through fermentation with conventional and unconventional yeasts was investigated. The process improved the protein content, reduced crude fiber content, and enhanced the biotransformation of isoflavone compounds in the waste biomass. The results demonstrate the potential of using RM as a substrate for making nutritionally improved feed components.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christina Maisl, Maria Doppler, Bernhard Seidl, Christoph Bueschl, Rainer Schuhmacher
Summary: Lyophilization is commonly used to stabilize biological samples or concentrate extracts. However, it may alter the metabolic composition or cause the loss of metabolites. This study investigated the performance of lyophilization in wheat root samples and found that it altered the metabolic composition and led to the loss or change of metabolite abundances.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Oluwadamilola M. M. Makinde, Michael Sulyok, Rasheed A. A. Adeleke, Rudolf Krska, Chibundu N. N. Ezekiel
Summary: A comprehensive study was conducted to analyze bacterial and biotoxin contaminants in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in Nigeria. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and dilute-and-shoot LC-MS/MS method were used to profile bacteria and biotoxins, respectively. The study discovered new bacterial isolates and detected various metabolites in the RTE foods. It also found different types of contamination in artisanal and industrially-processed foods, highlighting the need for routine surveillance and food safety education.
Review
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Johannes Krefting, Partho Sen, Diana David-Rus, Ulrich Gueldener, Johann S. Hawe, Salvatore Cassese, Moritz von Scheidt, Heribert Schunkert
Summary: Outcome research supporting guideline recommendations for primary and secondary preventions relies heavily on data from clinical trials and selected hospital populations. The increasing volume of real-world medical data could significantly enhance the prediction, prevention, and care of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review highlights the potential of health insurance claims (HIC) data to improve healthcare provision and discusses the challenges faced by patients, physicians, health insurers, and policy makers in utilizing such data.
FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mira Flasch, Gunda Koellensperger, Benedikt Warth
Summary: In this study, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) of over 100 xenobiotics and estrogenic hormones in pure solvent and human urine were determined using both triple quadrupole (QQQ) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods. It was found that HRMS enabled the screening for potential analytes and biotransformation products, but had higher LOQ values and detected fewer low-abundance analytes. The synergy between high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry may be the best option for comprehensive exposome-wide association studies.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ian Oesterle, Manuel Pristner, Sabrina Berger, Mingxun Wang, Vinicius Verri Hernandes, Annette Rompel, Benedikt Warth
Summary: Polyphenols, abundant in plants and fungi, have beneficial bioactive properties. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is favored for analyzing their complexity. This study evaluated the advantages of HRMS, using untargeted techniques and online resources, for annotating polyphenols and other molecules. Despite the sensitivity loss compared to low-resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS), HRMS is capable of comprehensively investigating human polyphenol exposure, linking it to human health effects and toxicological mixture effects with other xenobiotics.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kolawole I. Ayeni, Thomas Jamnik, Yasmin Fareed, Mira Flasch, Dominik Braun, Maria Uhl, Christina Hartmann, Benedikt Warth
Summary: This study assessed the levels of environment and food-related exposures in urine of Austrian school children and found that they had frequent exposures to mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and food processing by-products. Some children exceeded the tolerable daily intake for deoxynivalenol, and the exposure to ochratoxin A indicated potential health risks.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kristina Missbach, Daniel Flatschacher, Christoph Bueschl, Jonathan Matthew Samson, Stefan Leibetseder, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Susanne Zeilinger, Rainer Schuhmacher
Summary: Many studies have neglected the influence of light on fungal secondary metabolite production. In this study, the effect of different light regimes on Trichoderma atroviride secondary metabolite production was systematically determined using metabolomics analysis. It was found that reduced light conditions maximize secondary metabolite production.