Clostridium difficile colitis: pathogenesis and host defence

Regulation of Clostridium difficile spore germination by the CspA pseudoprotease domain

(2016) Yuzo Kevorkian et al.   BIOCHIMIE

CodY-Dependent Regulation of Sporulation in Clostridium difficile

(2016) Kathryn L. Nawrocki et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Ursodeoxycholic Acid Inhibits Clostridium difficile Spore Germination and Vegetative Growth, and Prevents the Recurrence of Ileal Pouchitis Associated With the Infection

(2016) Alexa R. Weingarden et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY

A Novel Microbiome Therapeutic Increases Gut Microbial Diversity and Prevents RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection

(2016) Sahil Khanna et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The SpoIIQ-SpoIIIAH complex ofClostridium difficilecontrols forespore engulfment and late stages of gene expression and spore morphogenesis

(2016) Mónica Serrano et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Reactive Oxygen Species as Additional Determinants for Cytotoxicity of Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B

(2016) Claudia Frädrich et al.   Toxins

Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Alter Secondary Bile Acid Production and Allow for Clostridium difficile Spore Germination and Outgrowth in the Large Intestine

(2016) Casey M. Theriot et al.   mSphere

Variation in germination of Clostridium difficile clinical isolates correlates to disease severity

(2015) Paul E. Carlson et al.   ANAEROBE

Innate Immune Defenses Mediated by Two ILC Subsets Are Critical for Protection against Acute Clostridium difficile Infection

(2015) Michael C. Abt et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Human neutrophils are activated by a peptide fragment ofClostridium difficiletoxin B presumably via formyl peptide receptor

(2015) Sebastian D. Goy et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Cyclic-di-GMP signaling in the Gram-positive pathogen Clostridium difficile

(2015) Eric Bordeleau et al.   CURRENT GENETICS

Interleukin-22 and CD160 play additive roles in the host mucosal response toClostridium difficileinfection in mice

(2015) Amir A. Sadighi Akha et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Interleukin-23 (IL-23), independent of IL-17 and IL-22, drives neutrophil recruitment and innate inflammation duringClostridium difficilecolitis in mice

(2015) Andrew J. McDermott et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Administration of Spores of NontoxigenicClostridium difficileStrain M3 for Prevention of RecurrentC difficileInfection

(2015) Dale N. Gerding et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Regulation of Type IV Pili Contributes to Surface Behaviors of Historical and Epidemic Strains of Clostridium difficile

(2015) Erin B. Purcell et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Characterization of the Dynamic Germination of Individual Clostridium difficile Spores Using Raman Spectroscopy and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

(2015) Shiwei Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Observations on the Role of TcdE Isoforms in Clostridium difficile Toxin Secretion

(2015) Revathi Govind et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Spore Cortex Hydrolysis Precedes Dipicolinic Acid Release during Clostridium difficile Spore Germination

(2015) Michael B. Francis et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Loss of Microbiota-Mediated Colonization Resistance toClostridium difficileInfection With Oral Vancomycin Compared With Metronidazole

(2015) Brittany B. Lewis et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

A biosynthetic pathway for a prominent class of microbiota-derived bile acids

(2015) A Sloan Devlin et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Innate lymphoid cells in the initiation, regulation and resolution of inflammation

(2015) Gregory F Sonnenberg et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States

(2015) Fernanda C. Lessa et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Identification of an epithelial cell receptor responsible forClostridium difficileTcdB-induced cytotoxicity

(2015) Michelle E. LaFrance et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A small-molecule antivirulence agent for treating Clostridium difficile infection

(2015) Kristina Oresic Bender et al.   Science Translational Medicine

High-Throughput Analysis of Gene Essentiality and Sporulation in Clostridium difficile

(2015) Marcin Dembek et al.   mBio

Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Interleukin-23 Production in Response to Clostridium difficile

(2015) Carrie A. Cowardin et al.   mBio

Defining the Roles of TcdA and TcdB in Localized Gastrointestinal Disease, Systemic Organ Damage, and the Host Response during Clostridium difficile Infections

(2015) Glen P. Carter et al.   mBio

Clostridium difficile: New Insights into the Evolution of the Pathogenicity Locus

(2015) Marc Monot et al.   Scientific Reports

Identification of a Novel Lipoprotein Regulator of Clostridium difficile Spore Germination

(2015) Kelly A. Fimlaid et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Functional genomics reveals that Clostridium difficile Spo0A coordinates sporulation, virulence and metabolism

(2014) Laura J Pettit et al.   BMC GENOMICS

International Clostridium difficile animal strain collection and large diversity of animal associated strains

(2014) Sandra Janezic et al.   BMC MICROBIOLOGY

Gut Microbiota-Produced Succinate Promotes C. difficile Infection after Antibiotic Treatment or Motility Disturbance

(2014) Jessica A. Ferreyra et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 functions as the cellular receptor for Clostridium difficile toxin B

(2014) Pengfei Yuan et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Initiation of sporulation inClostridium difficile: a twist on the classic model

(2014) Adrianne N. Edwards et al.   FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS

Interleukin-22 Regulates the Complement System to Promote Resistance against Pathobionts after Pathogen-Induced Intestinal Damage

(2014) Mizuho Hasegawa et al.   IMMUNITY

Conserved Oligopeptide Permeases Modulate Sporulation Initiation in Clostridium difficile

(2014) Adrianne N. Edwards et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Dynamics and Establishment of Clostridium difficile Infection in the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

(2014) Mark J. Koenigsknecht et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Cyclic Di-GMP Riboswitch-Regulated Type IV Pili Contribute to Aggregation of Clostridium difficile

(2014) Eric Bordeleau et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Tryptophan Catabolism Restricts IFN-γ–Expressing Neutrophils andClostridium difficileImmunopathology

(2014) Mohamad El-Zaatari et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The spore-associated protein BclA1 affects the susceptibility of animals to colonization and infection byClostridium difficile

(2014) Jutarop Phetcharaburanin et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile

(2014) Charlie G. Buffie et al.   NATURE

Innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of Rho GTPases by the Pyrin inflammasome

(2014) Hao Xu et al.   NATURE

Early Clostridium difficile Infection during Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

(2014) Melissa A. Kinnebrew et al.   PLoS One

Clostridium difficiletoxin CDT hijacks microtubule organization and reroutes vesicle traffic to increase pathogen adherence

(2014) Carsten Schwan et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Clostridium difficile spore biology: sporulation, germination, and spore structural proteins

(2014) Daniel Paredes-Sabja et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Antibiotic-induced shifts in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome increase susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection

(2014) Casey M. Theriot et al.   Nature Communications

Microbiota transplantation restores normal fecal bile acid composition in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection

(2013) Alexa R. Weingarden et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY

Characterization of the collagen-like exosporium protein, BclA1, of Clostridium difficile spores

(2013) Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo et al.   ANAEROBE

Markers of Intestinal Inflammation, Not Bacterial Burden, Correlate With Clinical Outcomes in Clostridium difficile Infection

(2013) Rana E. El Feghaly et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Acute infection of mice withClostridium difficileleads to eIF2α phosphorylation and pro-survival signalling as part of the mucosal inflammatory response

(2013) Amir A. Sadighi Akha et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

Protection from Clostridium difficile Infection in CD4 T Cell- and Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor-Deficient Mice

(2013) Pehga F. Johnston et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Functional Characterization of Clostridium difficile Spore Coat Proteins

(2013) P. Permpoonpattana et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

The Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP Regulates Clostridium difficile Toxin Production by Controlling Expression of sigD

(2013) R. W. McKee et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

The Clostridium difficile Exosporium Cysteine (CdeC)-Rich Protein Is Required for Exosporium Morphogenesis and Coat Assembly

(2013) J. Barra-Carrasco et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

SpoIVA and SipL Are Clostridium difficile Spore Morphogenetic Proteins

(2013) E. E. Putnam et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Role of Interleukin 23 Signaling in Clostridium difficile Colitis

(2013) Erica L. Buonomo et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Importance of Toxin A, Toxin B, and CDT in Virulence of an Epidemic Clostridium difficile Strain

(2013) Sarah A. Kuehne et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Germination efficiency of clinical Clostridium difficile spores and correlation with ribotype, disease severity and therapy failure

(2013) P. Moore et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Variations in Virulence and Molecular Biology among Emerging Strains of Clostridium difficile

(2013) J. J. Hunt et al.   MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS

Clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase is a secreted enzyme that confers resistance to H2O2

(2013) B. P. Girinathan et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens

(2013) Katharine M. Ng et al.   NATURE

Diverse Sources of C. difficile Infection Identified on Whole-Genome Sequencing

(2013) David W. Eyre et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile

(2013) Els van Nood et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Clostridium difficile TcdC protein binds four-stranded G-quadruplex structures

(2013) Hans C. van Leeuwen et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Transcriptional Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression in Germinating Clostridium difficile 630 Endospores

(2013) Marcin Dembek et al.   PLoS One

The Role of Flagella in Clostridium difficile Pathogenesis: Comparison between a Non-Epidemic and an Epidemic Strain

(2013) Soza T. Baban et al.   PLoS One

Muricholic Acids Inhibit Clostridium difficile Spore Germination and Growth

(2013) Michael B. Francis et al.   PLoS One

Genome-Wide Analysis of Cell Type-Specific Gene Transcription during Spore Formation in Clostridium difficile

(2013) Laure Saujet et al.   PLoS Genetics

Global Analysis of the Sporulation Pathway of Clostridium difficile

(2013) Kelly A. Fimlaid et al.   PLoS Genetics

The Spore Differentiation Pathway in the Enteric Pathogen Clostridium difficile

(2013) Fátima C. Pereira et al.   PLoS Genetics

Clostridium difficile 027/BI/NAP1 Encodes a Hypertoxic and Antigenically Variable Form of TcdB

(2013) Jordi M. Lanis et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Structural and Functional Analysis of the CspB Protease Required for Clostridium Spore Germination

(2013) Chloe M. Adams et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Bile Acid Recognition by the Clostridium difficile Germinant Receptor, CspC, Is Important for Establishing Infection

(2013) Michael B. Francis et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Epidemiology of Community-AssociatedClostridium difficileInfection, 2009 Through 2011

(2013) Amit S. Chitnis et al.   JAMA Internal Medicine

Efficacy of LFF571 in a Hamster Model of Clostridium difficile Infection

(2012) Anna Trzasko et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Precise Manipulation of the Clostridium difficile Chromosome Reveals a Lack of Association between thetcdCGenotype and Toxin Production

(2012) Stephen T. Cartman et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Modulation of Toxin Production by the Flagellar Regulon in Clostridium difficile

(2012) Annie Aubry et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

TheClostridium difficile spo0AGene Is a Persistence and Transmission Factor

(2012) Laura J. Deakin et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Critical Role for MyD88-Mediated Neutrophil Recruitment during Clostridium difficile Colitis

(2012) Irene Jarchum et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Suppression of Clostridium difficile in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Germfree Mice Inoculated with a Murine Isolate from the Family Lachnospiraceae

(2012) Angela E. Reeves et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Cyclic Diguanylate Inversely Regulates Motility and Aggregation in Clostridium difficile

(2012) E. B. Purcell et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Multiple Factors Modulate Biofilm Formation by the Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium difficile

(2012) T. Thapa et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Protective Role of Commensals against Clostridium difficile Infection via an IL-1 -Mediated Positive-Feedback Loop

(2012) M. Hasegawa et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

TcdB from hypervirulent Clostridium difficile exhibits increased efficiency of autoprocessing

(2012) Jordi M. Lanis et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Global transcriptional control by glucose and carbon regulator CcpA in Clostridium difficile

(2012) Ana Antunes et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Spores of Clostridium difficile Clinical Isolates Display a Diverse Germination Response to Bile Salts

(2012) Daniela Heeg et al.   PLoS One

TcdC Does Not Significantly Repress Toxin Expression in Clostridium difficile 630ΔErm

(2012) Dennis Bakker et al.   PLoS One

Characterisation of Clostridium difficile Biofilm Formation, a Role for Spo0A

(2012) Lisa F. Dawson et al.   PLoS One

C. difficile 630Δerm Spo0A Regulates Sporulation, but Does Not Contribute to Toxin Production, by Direct High-Affinity Binding to Target DNA

(2012) Katharina E. Rosenbusch et al.   PLoS One

Immune responses to Clostridium difficile infection

(2012) Rajat Madan et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Secretion of Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B Requires the Holin-like Protein TcdE

(2012) Revathi Govind et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Targeted Restoration of the Intestinal Microbiota with a Simple, Defined Bacteriotherapy Resolves Relapsing Clostridium difficile Disease in Mice

(2012) Trevor D. Lawley et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Moist-Heat Resistance, Spore Aging, and Superdormancy in Clostridium difficile

(2011) Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Fidaxomicin: A Novel Macrocyclic Antibiotic Approved for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection

(2011) A. A. Venugopal et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Systematic Review of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation (Fecal Bacteriotherapy) for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

(2011) Ethan Gough et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PrsW Is Required for Colonization, Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides, and Expression of Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors in Clostridium difficile

(2011) Theresa D. Ho et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Profound Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota following a Single Dose of Clindamycin Results in Sustained Susceptibility to Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis

(2011) Charlie G. Buffie et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

The Key Sigma Factor of Transition Phase, SigH, Controls Sporulation, Metabolism, and Virulence Factor Expression in Clostridium difficile

(2011) L. Saujet et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 Mediates Recognition of Clostridium difficile and Induces Neutrophil Recruitment and Protection against the Pathogen

(2011) M. Hasegawa et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Identification and characterization of two bile acid coenzyme A transferases fromClostridium scindens, a bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating intestinal bacterium

(2011) Jason M. Ridlon et al.   JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH

Role of fibronectin-binding protein A in Clostridium difficile intestinal colonization

(2011) A. Barketi-Klai et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Release of TcdA and TcdB from Clostridium difficile cdi 630 is not affected by functional inactivation of the tcdE gene

(2011) Alexandra Olling et al.   MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS

The dlt operon confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides in Clostridium difficile

(2011) Shonna M. McBride et al.   MICROBIOLOGY-SGM

Host S-nitrosylation inhibits clostridial small molecule–activated glucosylating toxins

(2011) Tor C Savidge et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile PCR-Ribotypes Exhibit Resistance to Widely Used Disinfectants

(2011) Lisa F. Dawson et al.   PLoS One

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is the host receptor for the binary toxin Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT)

(2011) P. Papatheodorou et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Role for TLR4 in Clostridium difficile Infection and the Recognition of Surface Layer Proteins

(2011) Anthony Ryan et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Use of Purified Clostridium difficile Spores To Facilitate Evaluation of Health Care Disinfection Regimens

(2010) T. D. Lawley et al.   APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

Hierarchical Evolution of the Bacterial Sporulation Network

(2010) Michiel J.L. de Hoon et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Clostridium difficile Toxin–Induced Inflammation and Intestinal Injury Are Mediated by the Inflammasome

(2010) Jeffrey Ng et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Integration of Metabolism and Virulence by Clostridium difficile CodY

(2010) S. S. Dineen et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Inhibiting the Initiation of Clostridium difficile Spore Germination using Analogs of Chenodeoxycholic Acid, a Bile Acid

(2010) J. A. Sorg et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

CcpA-mediated repression of Clostridium difficile toxin gene expression

(2010) Ana Antunes et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection

(2010) Sarah A. Kuehne et al.   NATURE

Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies againstClostridium difficileToxins

(2010) Israel Lowy et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Metabolism of Bile Salts in Mice Influences Spore Germination in Clostridium difficile

(2010) Jennifer L. Giel et al.   PLoS One

Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B

(2010) R. N. Pruitt et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Effect of broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials on Clostridium difficile and microbial diversity in a model of the distal colon

(2010) M. C. Rea et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Antibiotic Treatment of Clostridium difficile Carrier Mice Triggers a Supershedder State, Spore-Mediated Transmission, and Severe Disease in Immunocompromised Hosts

(2009) T. D. Lawley et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Characterization of the Sporulation Initiation Pathway of Clostridium difficile and Its Role in Toxin Production

(2009) S. Underwood et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

SleC Is Essential for Germination of Clostridium difficile Spores in Nutrient-Rich Medium Supplemented with the Bile Salt Taurocholate

(2009) D. A. Burns et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile

(2009) Dena Lyras et al.   NATURE

A Mouse Model of Clostridium difficile–Associated Disease

(2008) Xinhua Chen et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Functional properties of the carboxy-terminal host cell-binding domains of the two toxins, TcdA and TcdB, expressed by Clostridium difficile

(2008) T. Dingle et al.   GLYCOBIOLOGY

gp96 Is a Human Colonocyte Plasma Membrane Binding Protein for Clostridium difficile Toxin A

(2008) X. Na et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Chenodeoxycholate Is an Inhibitor ofClostridium difficileSpore Germination

(2008) Joseph A. Sorg et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Bile Salts and Glycine as Cogerminants for Clostridium difficile Spores

(2008) J. A. Sorg et al.   JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY

Riboswitches in Eubacteria Sense the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP

(2008) N. Sudarsan et al.   SCIENCE

Clostridium scindens baiCD and baiH genes encode stereo-specific 7α/7β-hydroxy-3-oxo-Δ4-cholenoic acid oxidoreductases☆

(2007) D KANG   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS