SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier rather than endothelial cells or pericytes of the blood-brain barrier

Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell-Like Cells with a Mature Immune Phenotype

(2023) Kinya Matsuo et al.   Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments

Open pathways for cerebrospinal fluid outflow at the cribriform plate along the olfactory nerves

(2023) Irene Spera et al.   EBioMedicine

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces endothelial inflammation through integrin α5β1 and NF-κB signaling

(2022) Juan Pablo Robles et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Central nervous system zoning: How brain barriers establish subdivisions for CNS immune privilege and immune surveillance

(2022) Steven T. Proulx et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19: a multicenter study of 150 lumbar punctures in 127 patients

(2022) Sven Jarius et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Multisystem screening reveals SARS‐CoV ‐2 in neurons of the myenteric plexus and in megakaryocytes

(2022) Sandra Gray‐Rodriguez et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

A human brain vascular atlas reveals diverse mediators of Alzheimer’s risk

(2022) Andrew C. Yang et al.   NATURE

Vascular and blood-brain barrier-related changes underlie stress responses and resilience in female mice and depression in human tissue

(2022) Laurence Dion-Albert et al.   Nature Communications

Risk of persistent and new clinical sequelae among adults aged 65 years and older during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study

(2022) Ken Cohen et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

A human pluripotent stem cell-based model of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals an ACE2-independent inflammatory activation of vascular endothelial cells through TLR4

(2022) Zhangjing Ma et al.   Stem Cell Reports

The blood-brain barrier is dysregulated in COVID-19 and serves as a CNS entry route for SARS-CoV-2

(2022) Susanne Krasemann et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Infectious viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals infected with ancestral, Delta or Omicron SARS-CoV-2

(2022) Olha Puhach et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Of Pregnant Women At Early Stages Of COVID-19

(2022) Lizandra Paravidine Sasaki et al.   Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

Neuropathology and virus in brain of SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates

(2022) Ibolya Rutkai et al.   Nature Communications

The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is expressed in mouse pericytes but not endothelial cells: Implications for COVID-19 vascular research

(2022) Lars Muhl et al.   Stem Cell Reports

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein 1 Activates Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Complement System Leading to Platelet Aggregation

(2022) Luca Perico et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19

(2022) Myoung Hwa Lee et al.   BRAIN

SARS-CoV-2 triggers pericyte-mediated cerebral capillary constriction

(2022) Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp et al.   BRAIN

SARS-CoV-2 Brain Regional Detection, Histopathology, Gene Expression, and Immunomodulatory Changes in Decedents with COVID-19

(2022) Geidy E Serrano et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Protein Expression Profile of ACE2 in the Normal and COVID-19-Affected Human Brain

(2022) Cecilia Lindskog et al.   JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH

Increased plasma level of soluble P-selectin in non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescent donors

(2022) Rebecca Müller et al.   THROMBOSIS RESEARCH

Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19

(2022) Evan Xu et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Clinical assessment of endothelial function in convalescent COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis with meta-regressions

(2022) Pasquale Ambrosino et al.   ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Anatomical barriers against SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion at vulnerable interfaces visualized in deceased COVID-19 patients

(2022) Mona Khan et al.   NEURON

Vascular complications in 305 severely ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study

(2022) Rebeca Mangabeira Correia et al.   Sao Paulo Medical Journal

Severe Neuro-COVID is associated with peripheral immune signatures, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration: a prospective cross-sectional study

(2022) Manina M. Etter et al.   Nature Communications

ApoE-Isoform-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Cellular Response

(2021) Cheng Wang et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Lack of Evidence of ACE2 Expression and Replicative Infection by SARSCoV-2 in Human Endothelial Cells

(2021) Ian R. McCracken et al.   CIRCULATION

Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain

(2021) Eric Song et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Tropism in the Lungs, Airways, and Vascular Endothelium of Patients With Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Autopsy Case Series

(2021) Julu Bhatnagar et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Pluripotent stem cell-derived epithelium misidentified as brain microvascular endothelium requires ETS factors to acquire vascular fate

(2021) Tyler M. Lu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 Transcripts in the Choroid Plexus of MS and Non-MS Patients With COVID-19

(2021) Vidmante Fuchs et al.   Neurology-Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

Risk of Clinically Relevant Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(2021) Johannes Gratz et al.   Frontiers in Medicine

COVID-19 neuropathology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital

(2021) Kiran T Thakur et al.   BRAIN

A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages

(2021) Neil Dani et al.   CELL

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: the Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience

(2021) Clare Bryce et al.   MODERN PATHOLOGY

Convalescent COVID-19 patients are susceptible to endothelial dysfunction due to persistent immune activation

(2021) Florence WJ Chioh et al.   eLife

SARS-CoV-2 targets glial cells in human cortical organoids

(2021) Courtney L. McMahon et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Deep spatial profiling of human COVID-19 brains reveals neuroinflammation with distinct microanatomical microglia-T-cell interactions

(2021) Marius Schwabenland et al.   IMMUNITY

Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19

(2021) Andrew C. Yang et al.   NATURE

A human three-dimensional neural-perivascular ‘assembloid’ promotes astrocytic development and enables modeling of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathology

(2021) Lu Wang et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis of human brain immune response in patients with severe COVID-19

(2021) John F. Fullard et al.   Genome Medicine

Cellular host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2021) Jim Baggen et al.   Nature Microbiology

Role of Serum E-Selectin as a Biomarker of Infection Severity in Coronavirus Disease 2019

(2021) Alessandra Oliva et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

Encephalopathies Associated With Severe COVID-19 Present Neurovascular Unit Alterations Without Evidence for Strong Neuroinflammation

(2021) Raphael Bernard-Valnet et al.   Neurology-Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

COVID-19 generates hyaluronan fragments that directly induce endothelial barrier dysfunction

(2021) Kimberly A. Queisser et al.   JCI Insight

Interferon-alpha or -beta facilitates SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary vascular infection by inducing ACE2

(2021) Timothy Klouda et al.   ANGIOGENESIS

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein disrupts human cardiac pericytes function through CD147 receptor-mediated signalling: a potential non-infective mechanism of COVID-19 microvascular disease

(2021) Elisa Avolio et al.   CLINICAL SCIENCE

Infection of Brain Pericytes Underlying Neuropathology of COVID-19 Patients

(2021) Matteo Bocci et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Acute and post-acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19: present findings, critical appraisal, and future directions

(2021) Ettore Beghi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Intrathecal inflammatory responses in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in the CSF of COVID-19 hospitalized patients

(2021) Erica Normandin et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

The SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro causes microvascular brain pathology by cleaving NEMO in brain endothelial cells

(2021) Jan Wenzel et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 Cells to Eliminate Mutations in the Furin Cleavage Site of Spike

(2021) John James Baczenas et al.   Viruses-Basel

Time to revisit the endpoint dilution assay and to replace the TCID50 as a measure of a virus sample’s infection concentration

(2021) Daniel Cresta et al.   PLoS Computational Biology

Human CD4+ T cell subsets differ in their abilities to cross endothelial and epithelial brain barriers in vitro

(2020) Hideaki Nishihara et al.   Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues

(2020) Carly G.K. Ziegler et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Post‐mortem examination of COVID19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings of lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction

(2020) T. Menter et al.   HISTOPATHOLOGY

SARS-CoV-2 infects human neural progenitor cells and brain organoids

(2020) Bao-Zhong Zhang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Endotheliopathy in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: evidence from a single-centre, cross-sectional study

(2020) George Goshua et al.   Lancet Haematology

Correlates of critical illness-related encephalopathy predominate postmortem COVID-19 neuropathology

(2020) Nikolaus Deigendesch et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells and Brain Organoids Reveal SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism Predominates in Choroid Plexus Epithelium

(2020) Fadi Jacob et al.   Cell Stem Cell

SARS-CoV-2 infects the brain choroid plexus and disrupts the blood-CSF-barrier in human brain organoids

(2020) Laura Pellegrini et al.   Cell Stem Cell

SARS ‐CoV‐2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids

(2020) Anand Ramani et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Circulating Endothelial Cells as a Marker of Endothelial Injury in Severe COVID -19

(2020) Christophe Guervilly et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Lifting the mask on neurological manifestations of COVID-19

(2020) Alessandro Pezzini et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) James L. Daly et al.   SCIENCE

Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity

(2020) Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri et al.   SCIENCE

Histological Evidence for the Enteric Nervous System and the Choroid Plexus as Alternative Routes of Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2

(2020) Felix Deffner et al.   Frontiers in Neuroanatomy

Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19

(2020) Jenny Meinhardt et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood–brain barrier

(2020) Tetyana P. Buzhdygan et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Intracerebral endotheliitis and microbleeds are neuropathological features of COVID‐19

(2020) Daniel Kirschenbaum et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY

Recombinant ACE2 Expression Is Required for SARS-CoV-2 To Infect Primary Human Endothelial Cells and Induce Inflammatory and Procoagulative Responses

(2020) Jonas Nascimento Conde et al.   mBio

Endothelial cell damage is the central part of COVID-19 and a mouse model induced by injection of the S1 subunit of the spike protein

(2020) Gerard J. Nuovo et al.   Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Human pluripotent stem cell–derived brain pericyte–like cells induce blood-brain barrier properties

(2019) Matthew J. Stebbins et al.   Science Advances

Structure and Junctional Complexes of Endothelial, Epithelial and Glial Brain Barriers

(2019) Mariana Castro Dias et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes Are Differentially Activated by Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Cytokines

(2018) Sylvain Perriot et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to blood-brain barrier endothelial cells

(2017) Tongcheng Qian et al.   Science Advances

A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side

(2016) Stefanie Dinner et al.   Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments

A retinoic acid-enhanced, multicellular human blood-brain barrier model derived from stem cell sources

(2014) Ethan S. Lippmann et al.   Scientific Reports

Physiology of Blood–Brain Interfaces in Relation to Brain Disposition of Small Compounds and Macromolecules

(2013) N. Strazielle et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Derivation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells

(2012) Ethan S Lippmann et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Establishment and characterization of a human malignant choroids plexus papilloma cell line (HIBCPP)

(2010) Isamu ISHIWATA et al.   Human Cell