A review of synthetic cathinones emerging in recent years (2019–2022)

A unique case of death by MDPHP with no other co-ingestion: a forensic toxicology case

(2022) Domenico Di Candia et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE

Neuropsychopharmacology of Emerging Drugs of Abuse: meta- and para-Halogen-Ring-Substituted α-PVP (“flakka”) Derivatives

(2022) Núria Nadal-Gratacós et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Fatal Intoxication by the Novel Cathinone 4-Fluoro-3-methyl-α-PVP

(2022) Jennifer M Hobbs et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Synthetic Cathinones: Recent Developments, Enantioselectivity Studies and Enantioseparation Methods

(2022) Ana Sofia Almeida et al.   MOLECULES

A fatal case of intoxication from a single use of eutylone: Clinical symptoms and quantitative analysis results

(2022) Mami Nakamura et al.   Legal Medicine

Analytically confirmed eutylone (bk-EBDB) exposure in emergency department patients

(2021) Hsien-Yi Chen et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Fatal intoxication with U-47700 in combination with other NPS (N-ethylhexedrone, adinazolam, 4-CIC, 4-CMC) confirmed by identification and quantification in autopsy specimens and evidences

(2021) Karolina Nowak et al.   Forensic Toxicology

The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain

(2021) Lubertus Bijlsma et al.   SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

Metabolic Profile of Four Selected Cathinones in Microsome Incubations: Identification of Phase I and II Metabolites by Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

(2021) Beatriz T. Lopes et al.   Frontiers in Chemistry

Eutylone and Its Structural Isomers Interact with Monoamine Transporters and Induce Locomotor Stimulation

(2021) Grant C. Glatfelter et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Role of amino terminal substitutions in the pharmacological, rewarding and psychostimulant profiles of novel synthetic cathinones

(2021) L. Duart-Castells et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Identifying New/Emerging Psychoactive Substances at the Time of COVID-19; A Web-Based Approach

(2021) Valeria Catalani et al.   Frontiers in Psychiatry

Acute toxicity from the synthetic cathinone N-ethylpentylone (ephylone) in the United Kingdom

(2021) Georgina Blanco et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones cardiotoxicity: evidences actualities and perspectives

(2021) Davide Radaelli et al.   Current Neuropharmacology

New psychoactive substances (NPS) and serotonin syndrome onset: A systematic review

(2021) Fabrizio Schifano et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Acute exposure to N-Ethylpentylone induces developmental toxicity and dopaminergic receptor-regulated aberrances in zebrafish larvae

(2021) Enshan Fan et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacotherapy of Patients Taking New Psychoactive Substances: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Case Reports

(2021) Michal Ordak et al.   Frontiers in Psychiatry

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS). A New Threat for Young Drug Users with Forensic-Toxicological Implications

(2021) Arianna Giorgetti et al.   Life-Basel

An updated review on synthetic cathinones

(2021) Jorge Soares et al.   ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY

New psychoactive substance cocktail in an intensive care intoxication case elucidated by molecular networking

(2021) Romain Pelletier et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Molecular and clinical aspects of potential neurotoxicity induced by new psychoactive stimulants and psychedelics

(2021) Deborah Rudin et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Analysis of Google Trends to monitor new psychoactive substance. Is there an added value?

(2021) Frana-Katica Batistic et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Detection of 4-FMC, 4-MeO-α-PVP, 4-F-α-PVP, and PV8 in blood in a forensic case using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization linear ion trap mass spectrometry

(2021) Akira Mochizuki et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

The Pharmacological Profile of Second Generation Pyrovalerone Cathinones and Related Cathinone Derivative

(2021) Karolina E. Kolaczynska et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Substance Misuse: A Social Media Listening, Mixed Method Analysis

(2021) Davide Arillotta et al.   Brain Sciences

Determination of new psychoactive substances and other drugs in postmortem blood and urine by UHPLC–MS/MS: method validation and analysis of forensic samples

(2021) Ettore Ferrari Júnior et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Toxicological Analysis of Intoxications with Synthetic Cathinones

(2021) Ewelina Pieprzyca et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Behavioural and neurochemical effects after repeated administration of N‐ethylpentylone (ephylone) in mice

(2021) María Espinosa‐Velasco et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Severe poisoning after smoking a mixture of 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (4-FiBF) and alpha-pyrolidinoisohexaphenone (α-PiHP)

(2021) Marcin Zawadzki et al.   Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Structure–Activity Relationship of Novel Second-Generation Synthetic Cathinones: Mechanism of Action, Locomotion, Reward, and Immediate-Early Genes

(2021) Nuria Nadal-Gratacós et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Online surveillance of novel psychoactive substances (NPS): Monitoring Reddit discussions as a predictor of increased NPS-related exposures

(2021) Elan Barenholtz et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY

Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Psychostimulant Synthetic Cathinones Reveals Nanomolar Antagonist Potency of α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone at Human Muscarinic M2 Receptors

(2020) Yiming Chen et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

New psychoactive substances: Pharmacology influencing UK practice, policy and the law

(2020) David Nutt   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of a new cathinone derivative: 1-phenyl-2-(butylamino)hexan-1-one hydrochloride (N-butylhexedrone)

(2020) Marcin Rojkiewicz et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Designer drugs: a medicinal chemistry perspective (II)

(2020) F. Ivy Carroll et al.   Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Intoxication cases associated with the novel designer drug 3′,4′‐methylenedioxy‐α‐pyrrolidinohexanophenone and studies on its human metabolism using high‐resolution mass spectrometry

(2020) Marcel Grapp et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Designer Cathinones N-Ethylhexedrone and Buphedrone Show Different In Vitro Neurotoxicity and Mice Behaviour Impairment

(2020) Cristina de Mello-Sampayo et al.   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

Four Synthetic Cathinones: 3-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone, and 4-Methoxy-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone Produce Changes in the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Motor Performance in Mice with Varied Profiles

(2020) Jakub Wojcieszak et al.   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

Clinical characteristics of patients admitted to emergency department for the use of ketamine analogues with or without other new psychoactive substances

(2020) Te-I Weng et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

4′-Fluoropyrrolidinononanophenone elicits neuronal cell apoptosis through elevating production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

(2020) Yoshifumi Morikawa et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Fatal N-Ethylhexedrone Intoxication

(2020) Ewa Domagalska et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Eutylone Intoxications—An Emerging Synthetic Stimulant in Forensic Investigations

(2020) Alex J Krotulski et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

A review of synthetic cathinone-related fatalities from 2017 to 2020

(2020) Nunzia La Maida et al.   THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

Understanding the pharmacokinetics of synthetic cathinones: Evaluation of the blood–brain barrier permeability of 13 related compounds in rats

(2020) David Fabregat‐Safont et al.   ADDICTION BIOLOGY

Method Validation of Seven Synthetic Cathinones by LC–MS-MS Analysis and the Prevalence of N-Ethylpentylone in Postmortem Casework

(2020) Alexander D Giachetti et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

New Psychoactive Substances: Evolution in the Exchange of Information and Innovative Legal Responses in the European Union

(2020) Maria Rosaria Varì et al.   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Scheduling of new psychoactive substance the Swiss way: A review and critical analysis

(2019) Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger et al.   SCIENCE & JUSTICE

Pharmacokinetics of N‐ethylpentylone and its effect on increasing levels of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats

(2019) Zebin Lin et al.   ADDICTION BIOLOGY

Effects of N-ethylpentylone on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in rats

(2019) Jiaolun Li et al.   BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY

Syntheses and analytical characterizations of the research chemical 1‐[1‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethyl]pyrrolidine (fluorolintane) and five of its isomers

(2019) Michael Dybek et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Postmortem concentrations of the synthetic opioid U-47700 in 26 fatalities associated with the drug

(2019) Helena Fels et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

The Serotonin Syndrome: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice

(2019) James Francescangeli et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Acute Psychiatric Disorders Related to Fake Cathinone: Ephylone

(2019) Anais Serre et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Simultaneous determination of new psychoactive substances and illicit drugs in sewage: potential of micro-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in wastewater-based epidemiology

(2019) Alberto Celma et al.   JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A

Scheduling synthetic cathinone substances under the Controlled Substances Act

(2019) Katherine R. Bonson et al.   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Locomotor activity and discriminative stimulus effects of five novel synthetic cathinone analogs in mice and rats

(2019) Michael B. Gatch et al.   DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report and method for determining N-ethylpentylone in biological material

(2019) Marcin Zawadzki et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Development and validation of a GC–MS/MS method for the determination of 11 amphetamines and 34 synthetic cathinones in whole blood

(2019) Mateusz Kacper Woźniak et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Toxicokinetic studies of the four new psychoactive substances 4-chloroethcathinone, N-ethylnorpentylone, N-ethylhexedrone, and 4-fluoro-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone

(2019) Lea Wagmann et al.   Forensic Toxicology

New/emerging psychoactive substances and associated psychopathological consequences

(2019) F. Schifano et al.   PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE

Fatal intoxication of a regular drug user following N-ethyl-hexedrone and ADB-FUBINACA consumption

(2019) Katalin Kovács et al.   Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Synthetic cathinones: an evolving class of new psychoactive substances

(2019) João L. Gonçalves et al.   CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY

Identification and analytical characterization of the synthetic cathinone N ‐butylhexedrone

(2019) Vadim Shevyrin et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Comparison of legislative management for new psychoactive substances control among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan

(2019) Ling‐Yi Feng et al.   KAOHSIUNG JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

New psychoactive substances: challenges for drug surveillance, control, and public health responses

(2019) Amy Peacock et al.   LANCET

Clinical manifestation and quantitative urinary analysis of N-ethylnorpentylone abuse in patients to the emergency department

(2019) Dean-An Ling et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

A case of intoxication with a new cathinone derivative α-PiHP – A presentation of concentrations in biological specimens

(2019) Piotr Adamowicz et al.   Legal Medicine

Diphenidine: a dissociative NPS makes an entrance on the drug scene

(2018) Maria Katselou et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Effects of the new generation α-pyrrolidinophenones on spontaneous locomotor activities in mice, and on extracellular dopamine and serotonin levels in the mouse striatum

(2018) Jakub Wojcieszak et al.   Forensic Toxicology

n-Ethyl Pentylone-Related Deaths in Alabama

(2018) Daniel Atherton et al.   JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

A two fatal cases of poisoning involving new cathinone derivative PV8

(2018) Ewelina Pieprzyca et al.   Legal Medicine

Pharmacological profile of mephedrone analogs and related new psychoactive substances

(2018) Dino Luethi et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Cytotoxicity of α-Pyrrolidinophenones: an Impact of α-Aliphatic Side-chain Length and Changes in the Plasma Membrane Fluidity

(2018) Jakub Wojcieszak et al.   NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH

A two fatal cases of poisoning involving new cathinone derivative PV8

(2018) Ewelina Pieprzyca et al.   Legal Medicine

Fetal death associated with the use of 3,4-MDPHP and α-PHP

(2018) Piotr Adamowicz et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Full Title: Analytical quantification, intoxication case series, and pharmacological mechanism of action for N -ethylnorpentylone (N -ethylpentylone or ephylone)

(2018) Jose Luiz Costa et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens

(2018) Alex J Krotulski et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (“Flakka”)

(2018) Tatiana O. Kolesnikova et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Structure-activity relationships of bath salt components: substituted cathinones and benzofurans at biogenic amine transporters

(2018) Amy J. Eshleman et al.   PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Identification and structural characterization of four novel synthetic cathinones: α-methylaminohexanophenone (hexedrone, HEX), 4-bromoethcathinone (4-BEC), 4-chloro-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-Cl-PPP), and 4-bromo-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (4-Br-PVP) after their seizures

(2017) Agata Błażewicz et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Structure-activity relationship for toxicity of α-pyrrolidinophenones in human aortic endothelial cells

(2017) Toshiyuki Matsunaga et al.   Forensic Toxicology

α-Pyrrolidinophenones: a new wave of designer cathinones

(2017) Jolanta B. Zawilska et al.   Forensic Toxicology

The newest cathinone derivatives as designer drugs: an analytical and toxicological review

(2017) Milena Majchrzak et al.   Forensic Toxicology

The effects and toxicity of cathinones from the users' perspectives: A qualitative study

(2017) Sulaf Assi et al.   HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL

Clinical Presentation, Autopsy Results and Toxicology Findings in an AcuteN-Ethylpentylone Fatality

(2017) Phoutthasone Thirakul et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Reports of Adverse Events Associated with Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2013–2016: A Review

(2017) Barry K. Logan et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone provokes apoptosis of neuronal cells through alterations in antioxidant properties

(2017) Toshiyuki Matsunaga et al.   TOXICOLOGY

Identification and analytical characterization of nine synthetic cathinone derivatives N -ethylhexedrone, 4-Cl-pentedrone, 4-Cl-α -EAPP, propylone, N -ethylnorpentylone, 6-MeO-bk-MDMA, α -PiHP, 4-Cl-α -PHP, and 4-F-α -PHP

(2016) Cuimei Liu et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Structural Modification of the Designer Stimulant α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) Influences Potency at Dopamine Transporters

(2015) R. Kolanos et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of the pharmacology ofpara-substituted methcathinone analogues

(2015) J S Bonano et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Intoxications by the dissociative new psychoactive substances diphenidine and methoxphenidine

(2015) Anders Helander et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Synthetic Cathinones: A New Public Health Problem

(2015) Laurent Karila et al.   Current Neuropharmacology

The prevalence of new psychoactive substances in biological material - a three-year review of casework in Poland

(2015) Piotr Adamowicz et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: Para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinones

(2015) Anna Rickli et al.   EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

α-PVP (“flakka”): a new synthetic cathinone invades the drug arena

(2015) Maria Katselou et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Preparation and characterization of the ‘research chemical’ diphenidine, its pyrrolidine analogue, and their 2,2-diphenylethyl isomers

(2014) Jason Wallach et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Characterization of four new designer drugs, 5-chloro-NNEI, NNEI indazole analog, α-PHPP and α-POP, with 11 newly distributed designer drugs in illegal products

(2014) Nahoko Uchiyama et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

“Deconstruction” of the Abused Synthetic Cathinone Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and an Examination of Effects at the Human Dopamine Transporter

(2013) Renata Kolanos et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Khat and synthetic cathinones: a review

(2013) Maria João Valente et al.   ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY

Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: An emerging designer drug phenomenon

(2013) Christopher L. German et al.   LIFE SCIENCES

Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of a new series of designer cathinones

(2013) L.D. Simmler et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacological characterization of designer cathinonesin vitro

(2012) LD Simmler et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

LC-Q/TOF mass spectrometry data driven identification and spectroscopic characterisation of a new 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-benzyl cathinone (BMDP)

(2012) Emilia Fornal et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Cathinone derivatives: A review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology

(2011) John P. Kelly   Drug Testing and Analysis

Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis

(2011) Kei Zaitsu et al.   Forensic Toxicology