Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ignacio Ruiz-Fernandez, Raquel Sanchez-Diaz, Enrique Ortega-Sollero, Pilar Martin
Summary: The central nervous system (CNS) is traditionally considered an immune-privileged site, with limited interaction between immune cells, especially the adaptive immune system. However, recent research has shown that immune cells, specifically T cells, can be found patrolling the CNS under normal conditions and are associated with aging and cognitive impairment. Understanding the role of T cells in the aging brain and the molecular mechanisms involved could lead to new insights into brain disorders.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ana Kisovar, Christian M. Becker, Ingrid Granne, Jennifer H. Southcombe
Summary: This study systematically evaluated the role of CD8 T cells in endometriosis-associated tissues and found that CD8 T cells are enriched in the lesions. However, their activation potential in other relevant tissues remains unclear. Future research should focus on identifying clinically relevant phenotypes to support the development of non-invasive diagnostic and treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Katharine E. Block, Stephen C. Jameson
Summary: The study reveals that lung fibroblastic stromal cells support the metabolic fitness of memory CD8(+) T cells post-vaccination through the creation of organized lymphoid structures.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mengjie Shan, Hao Liu, Yan Hao, Kexin Song, Cheng Feng, Youbin Wang
Summary: This study found that patients with keloids have higher expression levels of costimulatory molecules and a larger number of CD8(+) T cells in their skin tissue. CD8(+) T cells may drive the development of keloids by promoting immunosuppression in keloid-associated fibroblasts. The expression of CD28 and CD8(+) T cells may serve as predictors of keloid severity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhengping Wei, Pingfei Li, Ran He, Huicheng Liu, Na Liu, Yu Xia, Guoyu Bi, Qiuyang Du, Minghui Xia, Lei Pei, Jing Wang, Guihua Wang, Zhao-Hui Tang, Xiang Cheng, Huabin Li, Zhuoya Li, Lilin Ye, Arian Laurence, Youming Lu, Xiang-Ping Yang
Summary: The study demonstrates the essential roles of both the kinase activity and death domain of DAPK1 in maximal mTOR activation and CD8(+) T-cell function, shedding light on a novel mechanism where TCR-induced DAPK1 activation interacts with TSC2 to mediate mTORC1 activation. This mechanism is crucial for optimal CD8(+) T-cell function and antiviral responses in infections like LCMV.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva, Luana de Mendonca Oliveira, Ricardo Wesley Alberca, Natalli Zanete Pereira, Fabio Seiti Yoshikawa, Anna Julia Pietrobon, Tatiana Mina Yendo, Milena Mary de Souza Andrade, Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi Ramos, Cyro Alves Brito, Emily Araujo Oliveira, Danielle Rosa Beserra, Raquel Leao Orfali, Valeria Aoki, Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte, Maria Notomi Sato
Summary: This study evaluated the characteristics of T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients and found that patients with severe/critical conditions express more activation markers and the immunological checkpoint protein PD-1. In addition, the increased cytotoxicity of CD4+ T cells may compensate for the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interplay of T cells in the severity of acute COVID-19 infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shi Zou, Yuting Tan, Yanni Xiang, Yang Liu, Qi Zhu, Songjie Wu, Wei Guo, Mingqi Luo, Ling Shen, Ke Liang
Summary: This study found a significant increase in CD4 and CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells in patients with HIV/TB coinfection. Additionally, these DP T cells also expressed more cytotoxic markers. This suggests that DP T cells may play an important immune role in HIV/TB infection.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qin Xie, Jian Ding, Yi Chen
Summary: CD8(+) T lymphocytes play a crucial role in host antitumor immunity, but tumor-driven microenvironments can inhibit their activation and cytotoxicity. Stromal cells exert immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jerome Kervevan, Lisa A. Chakrabarti
Summary: CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immune responses by recruiting and providing help to other immune effectors, as well as exerting direct effector functions. High-affinity T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes are important in mediating antiviral CD4+ T cell responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Constanza Savid-Frontera, Maria Estefania Viano, Natalia S. Baez, Nicolas L. Lidon, Quentin Fontaine, Howard A. Young, Lene Vimeux, Emmanuel Donnadieu, Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan
Summary: Virtual memory CD8(+) T cells (T-VM) have memory-like phenotype and respond to innate stimuli. Stimulation with IL-12 plus IL-18 leads to enrichment of T-VM cells in lymphoid organs and tumor models, and plays a role in tumor growth control.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Leiqiong Gao, Jing Zhou, Lilin Ye
Summary: HIV infection can be suppressed by lifelong administration of combination antiretroviral therapy, but viral rebound can occur upon cessation due to the presence of HIV reservoirs. HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells can sustain long-term disease-free and transmission-free HIV control, but cure strategies relying on them may fail.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Giulia Carini, Laura Musazzi, Francesco Bolzetta, Alberto Cester, Chiara Fiorentini, Alessandro Ieraci, Stefania Maggi, Maurizio Popoli, Nicola Veronese, Alessandro Barbon
Summary: Frailty and cognitive impairment are common in older individuals, with age being the main risk factor for both conditions. MicroRNAs have been proposed as potential biomarkers and molecular effectors in physiological and pathological aging processes, with some miRNAs showing promise in being associated with frailty and cognitive impairment.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhilin Peng, Yiwen Zhang, Xiancai Ma, Mo Zhou, Shiyu Wu, Zheng Song, Yaochang Yuan, Yingshi Chen, Yuzhuang Li, Guanwen Wang, Feng Huang, Yidan Qiao, Baijing Xia, Weiwei Liu, Jun Liu, Xu Zhang, Xin He, Ting Pan, Hanshi Xu, Hui Zhang
Summary: The study highlights the significant role of Brd4 in regulating glucose metabolism and maintaining receptor expression in CD8(+) T cells' homeostasis and immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Janine Kemming, Swantje Gundlach, Marcus Panning, Daniela Huzly, Jiabin Huang, Marc Luetgehetmann, Sven Pischke, Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch, Florian Emmerich, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Yakup Tanriver, Klaus Warnatz, Tobias Boettler, Robert Thimme, Maike Hofmann, Nicole Fischer, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
Summary: Chronic HEV infection is associated with exhaustion of HEV-specific CD8+ T cells, indicating that T-cell failure is driven by persistent antigen recognition in severely immunosuppressed hosts. Functional reinvigoration of virus-specific T cells is at least partially possible when the antigen is cleared. Viral escape in a minority of patients also contributes to the failure of HEV-specific CD8+ T cells.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Tiani L. Louis, John T. Chang
Summary: In this study, Hirai et al. demonstrate the competition for the cytokine TGF beta as a key factor in regulating the persistence and occupancy of CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells in the skin epidermal niche.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen E. Funk, Hilda Mirbaha, Hong Jiang, David M. Holtzman, Marc I. Diamond
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael J. Vasek, Charise Garber, Denise Dorsey, Douglas M. Durrant, Bryan Bollman, Allison Soung, Jinsheng Yu, Carlos Perez-Torres, Arnaud Frouin, Daniel K. Wilton, Kristen Funk, Bette K. DeMasters, Xiaoping Jiang, James R. Bowen, Steven Mennerick, John K. Robinson, Joel R. Garbow, Kenneth L. Tyler, Mehul S. Suthar, Robert E. Schmidt, Beth Stevens, Robyn S. Klein
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefani N. Thomas, Kristen E. Funk, Yunhu Wan, Zhongping Liao, Peter Davies, Jeff Kuret, Austin J. Yang
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2012)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen E. Funk, Stefani N. Thomas, Kelsey N. Schafer, Grace L. Cooper, Zhongping Liao, David J. Clark, Austin J. Yang, Jeff Kuret
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2014)
Article
Neurosciences
Jordan R. Jensen, Katryna Cisek, Kristen E. Funk, Swati Naphade, Kelsey N. Schafer, Jeff Kuret
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2011)
Article
Immunology
Kristen E. Funk, Robyn S. Klein
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2019)
Review
Immunology
Robyn S. Klein, Charise Garber, Kristen E. Funk, Hamid Salimi, Allison Soung, Marlene Kanmogne, Sindhu Manivasagam, Shannon Agner, Matthew Cain
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 37, 2019
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristen E. Funk, Sarah K. Lotz
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Kristen E. Funk, Artem D. Arutyunov, Pritesh Desai, James P. White, Allison L. Soung, Sarah F. Rosen, Michael S. Diamond, Robyn S. Klein
Summary: Older mice show increased viral burden in peripheral organs and CNS tissues, with alterations in the activation of myeloid and lymphoid cells compared to younger animals. The CNS of aged mice exhibits limited local reactivation of T cells during viral encephalitis, potentially leading to reduced virologic control at this site.
Article
Virology
Alex W. Wessel, Kimberly A. Dowd, Scott B. Biering, Ping Zhang, Melissa A. Edeling, Christopher A. Nelson, Kristen E. Funk, Christina R. DeMaso, Robyn S. Klein, Janet L. Smith, Thu Minh Cao, Richard J. Kuhn, Daved H. Fremont, Eva Harris, Theodore C. Pierson, Michael S. Diamond
Summary: This study compared the roles of Flavivirus NS1 proteins in the pathogenesis of Dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV), and found that a specific P101K mutation in WNV NS1 led to reduced infectivity in the brain and lethality in mice. The study suggests that levels of NS1 in the circulation facilitate WNV dissemination to the brain and impact disease outcomes.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Sarah K. Lotz, Britanie M. Blackhurst, Katie L. Reagin, Kristen E. Funk
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of nervous system function, with neuroinflammation playing a role in their development. Microbial infections can trigger inflammatory responses in the central nervous system, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbial infections increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kristen E. Funk, Axel Montagne, Ana M. Falcao, Sandro Da Mesquita
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
News Item
Clinical Neurology
Britanie M. Blackhurst, Kristen E. Funk
Summary: A new study using data from national biobanks suggests that exposure to common viral pathogens increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings could provide valuable insights into the factors triggering neurodegeneration.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Katie L. Reagin, Kristen E. Funk
Summary: A recent study has discovered a communication axis between microglia and T cells that plays a role in retaining CD8(+) T cells in the brains affected by amyloid pathology. The data from this study suggest that CD8(+) T cells have a restriction effect on the development of Alzheimer's disease.
