In vitro models of the blood–brain barrier: An overview of commonly used brain endothelial cell culture models and guidelines for their use

Apical-to-Basolateral Transport of Amyloid-β Peptides through Blood-Brain Barrier Cells is Mediated by the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products and is Restricted by P-Glycoprotein

(2017) Pietra Candela et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

In vitro discrimination of the role of LRP1 at the BBB cellular level: Focus on brain capillary endothelial cells and brain pericytes

(2015) Pietra Candela et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

A Call for Systematic Research on Solute Carriers

(2015) Adrián César-Razquin et al.   CELL

Brain microvascular endothelium induced-annexin A1 secretion contributes to small cell lung cancer brain metastasis

(2015) Yi Liu et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY

Tesmilifene modifies brain endothelial functions and opens the blood-brain/blood-glioma barrier

(2015) Fruzsina R. Walter et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Quantitative Determination of Luminal and Abluminal Membrane Distributions of Transporters in Porcine Brain Capillaries by Plasma Membrane Fractionation and Quantitative Targeted Proteomics

(2015) Yoshiyuki Kubo et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Central role for PICALM in amyloid-β blood-brain barrier transcytosis and clearance

(2015) Zhen Zhao et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

A Triple Culture Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Porcine Brain Endothelial cells, Astrocytes and Pericytes

(2015) Louiza Bohn Thomsen et al.   PLoS One

An Electrically Tight In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Model Displays Net Brain-to-Blood Efflux of Substrates for the ABC Transporters, P-gp, Bcrp and Mrp-1

(2014) Hans Christian Helms et al.   AAPS Journal

Astrocyte-derived retinoic acid: a novel regulator of blood–brain barrier function in multiple sclerosis

(2014) Mark R. Mizee et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Strategies to overcome the barrier: use of nanoparticles as carriers and modulators of barrier properties

(2014) Ralf Rempe et al.   CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH

Cancer-associated fibroblast promote transmigration through endothelial brain cells in three-dimensionalin vitromodels

(2014) Yoon Pyo Choi et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Modulates Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier

(2014) Manoj Bohara et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Glutathione PEGylated liposomes: pharmacokinetics and delivery of cargo across the blood–brain barrier in rats

(2014) Jaap Rip et al.   JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING

An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia, Neurons, and Vascular Cells of the Cerebral Cortex

(2014) Y. Zhang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Comparison of Five Peptide Vectors for Improved Brain Delivery of the Lysosomal Enzyme Arylsulfatase A

(2014) A. Bockenhoff et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

ANG4043, a Novel Brain-Penetrant Peptide-mAb Conjugate, Is Efficacious against HER2-Positive Intracranial Tumors in Mice

(2014) A. Regina et al.   MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS

Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis utilizes CD147 for vascular colonization

(2014) Sandra C Bernard et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Increased Brain Penetration and Potency of a Therapeutic Antibody Using a Monovalent Molecular Shuttle

(2014) Jens Niewoehner et al.   NEURON

Stepwise Recruitment of Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways Underlies Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Stroke

(2014) Daniel Knowland et al.   NEURON

Instruction of Circulating Endothelial Progenitors In Vitro towards Specialized Blood-Brain Barrier and Arterial Phenotypes

(2014) Julie Boyer-Di Ponio et al.   PLoS One

A Stable and Reproducible Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells

(2014) Romeo Cecchelli et al.   PLoS One

Therapeutic bispecific antibodies cross the blood-brain barrier in nonhuman primates

(2014) Y. J. Yu et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Temporal expression of transporters and receptors in a rat primary co-culture blood–brain barrier model

(2014) Houfu Liu et al.   XENOBIOTICA

The pivotal role of astrocytes in an in vitro stroke model of the blood-brain barrier

(2014) Winfried Neuhaus et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

A retinoic acid-enhanced, multicellular human blood-brain barrier model derived from stem cell sources

(2014) Ethan S. Lippmann et al.   Scientific Reports

Smuggling Drugs into the Brain: An Overview of Ligands Targeting Transcytosis for Drug Delivery across the Blood–Brain Barrier

(2014) Julia Georgieva et al.   Pharmaceutics

Transport of gabapentin by LAT1 (SLC7A5)

(2013) David Dickens et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Endothelial PKCα-MAPK/ERK-phospholipase A2 pathway activation as a response of glioma in a triple culture model. A new role for pericytes?

(2013) Carmelina Daniela Anfuso et al.   BIOCHIMIE

Modelling the endothelial blood-CNS barriers: a method for the production of robust in vitro models of the rat blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier

(2013) P Marc D Watson et al.   BMC NEUROSCIENCE

Oxysterols decrease apical-to-basolateral transport of Aß peptides via an ABCB1-mediated process in an in vitro Blood-brain barrier model constituted of bovine brain capillary endothelial cells

(2013) Julien Saint-Pol et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Constitutive androstane receptor upregulates Abcb1 and Abcg2 at the blood–brain barrier after CITCO activation

(2013) Julia Lemmen et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

A detailed method for preparation of a functional and flexible blood–brain barrier model using porcine brain endothelial cells

(2013) Adjanie Patabendige et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Profiling Solute Carrier Transporters in the Human Blood–Brain Barrier

(2013) E G Geier et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Amyloid-β Peptides, Alzheimer's Disease and the Blood-brain Barrier

(2013) Fabien Gosselet et al.   Current Alzheimer Research

A Novel Brain Neurovascular Unit Model with Neurons, Astrocytes and Microvascular Endothelial Cells of Rat

(2013) Qiang Xue et al.   International Journal of Biological Sciences

The proinflammatory peptide substance P promotes blood-brain barrier breaching by breast cancer cells through changes in microvascular endothelial cell tight junctions

(2013) Pedro L. Rodriguez et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER

The Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Integrity of Tight Junctions in Brain Endothelial Cells

(2013) Cédric Artus et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Retinoic Acid Induces Blood-Brain Barrier Development

(2013) M. R. Mizee et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models Using Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells Isolated from Neonatal and Adult Rats Retain Age-Related Barrier Properties

(2013) Fuyuko Takata et al.   PLoS One

A Multi-System Approach Assessing the Interaction of Anticonvulsants with P-gp

(2013) David Dickens et al.   PLoS One

Wnt Activation of Immortalized Brain Endothelial Cells as a Tool for Generating a Standardized Model of the Blood Brain Barrier In Vitro

(2013) Roberta Paolinelli et al.   PLoS One

Glucose-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Transfer across Human Brain Endothelium and Enter Astrocytes In Vitro

(2013) Radka Gromnicova et al.   PLoS One

Re-evaluation of the role of P-glycoprotein inin vitrodrug permeability studies with the bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells

(2013) Jenni J. Hakkarainen et al.   XENOBIOTICA

Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Magnetic Nanoparticles across the Blood–Brain Barrier

(2012) Ruirui Qiao et al.   ACS Nano

The blood-brain barrier in health and disease

(2012) Richard Daneman   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

BBB ON CHIP: microfluidic platform to mechanically and biochemically modulate blood-brain barrier function

(2012) L. M. Griep et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

An immortalised astrocyte cell line maintains the in vivo phenotype of a primary porcine in vitro blood–brain barrier model

(2012) Carina A. Cantrill et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Establishment of a simplified in vitro porcine blood–brain barrier model with high transendothelial electrical resistance

(2012) Adjanie Patabendige et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Pregnane X receptor upregulates ABC-transporter Abcg2 and Abcb1 at the blood-brain barrier

(2012) Julia Lemmen et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Cilostazol Strengthens Barrier Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells

(2012) Shoji Horai et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

The Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid, a Major Metabolite of Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza Root, a Constituent of the Traditional Japanese Medicine Yokukansan

(2012) Masahiro Tabuchi et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Free Radical Scavenger Edaravone Administration Protects against Tissue Plasminogen Activator Induced Oxidative Stress and Blood Brain Barrier Damage

(2012) Violeta Lukic-Panin et al.   CURRENT NEUROVASCULAR RESEARCH

Comparison of brain capillary endothelial cell-based and epithelial (MDCK-MDR1, Caco-2, and VB-Caco-2) cell-based surrogate blood–brain barrier penetration models

(2012) Éva Hellinger et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS

In vitro evidence for the brain glutamate efflux hypothesis: Brain endothelial cells cocultured with astrocytes display a polarized brain-to-blood transport of glutamate

(2012) Hans Christian Helms et al.   GLIA

Delivery of paclitaxel across cellular barriers using a dendrimer-based nanocarrier

(2012) Huey Minn Teow et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Impact of Manganese on and Transfer across Blood-Brain and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrierin Vitro

(2012) Julia Bornhorst et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-liganded vitamin D receptor increases expression and transport activity of P-glycoprotein in isolated rat brain capillaries and human and rat brain microvessel endothelial cells

(2012) Matthew R. Durk et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomic Analysis of Transporters, Receptors and Junction Proteins for Validation of Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell Line hCMEC/D3 as a Human Blood–Brain Barrier Model

(2012) Sumio Ohtsuki et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Derivation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells

(2012) Ethan S Lippmann et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Transcriptional Profiling of Human Brain Endothelial Cells Reveals Key Properties Crucial for Predictive In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models

(2012) Eduard Urich et al.   PLoS One

Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide and/or Unconjugated Bilirubin Impair the Integrity and Function of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

(2012) Filipa L. Cardoso et al.   PLoS One

The Vasculome of the Mouse Brain

(2012) Shuzhen Guo et al.   PLoS One

Radiation-induced blood–brain barrier damages: An in vitro study

(2011) William Fauquette et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

The Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability of Geissoschizine Methyl Ether in Uncaria Hook, a Galenical Constituent of the Traditional Japanese Medicine Yokukansan

(2011) Sachiko Imamura et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Modelling the Neurovascular Unit and the Blood-Brain Barrier with the Unique Function of Pericytes

(2011) Elodie Vandenhaute et al.   CURRENT NEUROVASCULAR RESEARCH

Case study: adapting in vitro blood–brain barrier models for use in early-stage drug discovery

(2011) Elodie Vandenhaute et al.   DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

The impact of pericytes on the blood–brain barrier integrity depends critically on the pericyte differentiation stage

(2011) Gokulan Thanabalasundaram et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY

Transport of Arylsulfatase A across the Blood-Brain Barrierin Vitro

(2011) Frank Matthes et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Mechanisms of Glutamate Efflux at the Blood—Brain Barrier: Involvement of Glial Cells

(2011) Katayun Cohen-Kashi-Malina et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Quantitative targeted absolute proteomics of human blood-brain barrier transporters and receptors

(2011) Yasuo Uchida et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Development of a three-dimensional, all-human in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier using mono-, co-, and tri-cultivation Transwell models

(2011) Kathryn Hatherell et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS

Permeability of ergot alkaloids across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and influence on the barrier integrity

(2011) Dennis Mulac et al.   MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH

Transcriptomic and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Transporters and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Freshly Isolated Human Brain Microvessels

(2011) Ramzi Shawahna et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Diseases in a dish: modeling human genetic disorders using induced pluripotent cells

(2011) Gustavo Tiscornia et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Oxygen–glucose deprivation increases the enzymatic activity and the microvesicle-mediated release of ectonucleotidases in the cells composing the blood–brain barrier

(2011) Stefania Ceruti et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Addition of NMDA-receptor antagonist MK801 during oxygen/glucose deprivation moderately attenuates the upregulation of glucose uptake after subsequent reoxygenation in brain endothelial cells

(2011) Winfried Neuhaus et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

Transmigration of Melanoma Cells through the Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Endothelial Tight Junctions and Melanoma-Released Serine Proteases

(2011) Csilla Fazakas et al.   PLoS One

The Hedgehog Pathway Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and CNS Immune Quiescence

(2011) J. I. Alvarez et al.   SCIENCE

Glucocorticoid Insensitivity at the Hypoxic Blood–Brain Barrier Can Be Reversed by Inhibition of the Proteasome

(2011) Christoph Kleinschnitz et al.   STROKE

Paracellular Tightness and Claudin-5 Expression is Increased in the BCEC/Astrocyte Blood–Brain Barrier Model by Increasing Media Buffer Capacity During Growth

(2010) Hans Christian Helms et al.   AAPS Journal

Glut1/SLC2A1 is crucial for the development of the blood-brain barrier in vivo

(2010) Ping-Pin Zheng et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Leptin-derived peptide, a targeting ligand for mouse brain-derived endothelial cells via macropinocytosis

(2010) Mina Tamaru et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Glutaric aciduria type I and methylmalonic aciduria: Simulation of cerebral import and export of accumulating neurotoxic dicarboxylic acids in in vitro models of the blood–brain barrier and the choroid plexus

(2010) Sven W. Sauer et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE

Blood-Brain-Barrier Models for the Investigation of Transporter- and Receptor-Mediated Amyloid-β Clearance in Alzheimers Disease

(2010) T. Pflanzner et al.   Current Alzheimer Research

The perivascular astroglial sheath provides a complete covering of the brain microvessels: An electron microscopic 3D reconstruction

(2010) Thomas Misje Mathiisen et al.   GLIA

Oxidative Stress Increases Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Induces Alterations in Occludin during Hypoxia–Reoxygenation

(2010) Jeffrey J Lochhead et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Comparison of Immortalized bEnd5 and Primary Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells as in vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Models for the Study of T Cell Extravasation

(2010) Oliver Steiner et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

New Angiopep-Modified Doxorubicin (ANG1007) and Etoposide (ANG1009) Chemotherapeutics With Increased Brain Penetration

(2010) Christian Ché et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

The case for blood-brain barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

(2010) Brian Jeynes et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH

ABC and SLC Transporter Expression and Pot Substrate Characterization across the Human CMEC/D3 Blood−Brain Barrier Cell Line

(2010) Stephen M. Carl et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Restoring Blood-Brain Barrier P-Glycoprotein Reduces Brain Amyloid-  in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

(2010) A. M. S. Hartz et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY

Glucocorticoid effects on endothelial barrier function in the murine brain endothelial cell line cEND incubated with sera from patients with multiple sclerosis

(2010) Kinga G Blecharz et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Pericytes regulate the blood–brain barrier

(2010) Annika Armulik et al.   NATURE

Pericytes are required for blood–brain barrier integrity during embryogenesis

(2010) Richard Daneman et al.   NATURE

Establishment of primary cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells to provide an in vitro cellular model of the blood-brain barrier

(2010) Michael J Bernas et al.   Nature Protocols

n-3 long-chain fatty acids and regulation of glucose transport in two models of rat brain endothelial cells

(2010) Fabien Pifferi et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

The Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier Transcriptome: A New Resource for Understanding the Development and Function of Brain Endothelial Cells

(2010) Richard Daneman et al.   PLoS One

Neurovascular mechanisms and blood–brain barrier disorder in Alzheimer’s disease

(2009) Robert D. Bell et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Control of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Glucocorticoids and the Cells of the Neurovascular Unit

(2009) Susanne Kröll et al.   Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Polarized P-glycoprotein expression by the immortalised human brain endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, restricts apical-to-basolateral permeability to rhodamine 123

(2009) Leon M. Tai et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Closing the gap between the in-vivo and in-vitro blood–brain barrier tightness

(2009) Katayun Cohen-Kashi Malina et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Transport of interleukin-1 across cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells

(2009) RA Skinner et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Regulation of BCRP (ABCG2) and P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) by Cytokines in a Model of the Human Blood–Brain Barrier

(2009) Birk Poller et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Activation Protects Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Hyperpermeability in the Blood-Brain Barrier

(2009) Caroline Mysiorek et al.   CURRENT NEUROVASCULAR RESEARCH

Immortalized Human Brain Endothelial Cell Line HCMEC/D3 as a Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier Facilitates In Vitro Studies of Central Nervous System Infection byCryptococcus neoformans

(2009) Kiem Vu et al.   EUKARYOTIC CELL

A fluorescence-based in vitro assay for drug interactions with breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2)

(2009) Anne Mahringer et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS

Characterization of endocytosis of transferrin-coated PLGA nanoparticles by the blood–brain barrier

(2009) Jiang Chang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Uptake of apolipoprotein E fragment coupled liposomes by cultured brain microvessel endothelial cells and intact brain capillaries

(2009) Uta Hülsermann et al.   JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING

Regulation of major efflux transporters under inflammatory conditions at the blood-brain barrierin vitro

(2009) Magdalena von Wedel-Parlow et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Expression of Chemokines and Their Receptors by Human Brain Endothelium: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis

(2009) Eve A. Subileau et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Regulates P-Glycoprotein at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Functional Similarities between Pig and Human PXR

(2009) M. Ott et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS

Uptake of ANG1005, A Novel Paclitaxel Derivative, Through the Blood-Brain Barrier into Brain and Experimental Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer

(2009) Fancy C. Thomas et al.   PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

Comparative gene expression profiles of ABC transporters in brain microvessel endothelial cells and brain in five species including human

(2009) Mark S. Warren et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Wnt/ -catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis

(2009) R. Daneman et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Meningococcal Type IV Pili Recruit the Polarity Complex to Cross the Brain Endothelium

(2009) Mathieu Coureuil et al.   SCIENCE

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Vector and Transgene Sequences

(2009) J. Yu et al.   SCIENCE

Molecular Basis of the Core Structure of Tight Junctions

(2009) M. Furuse   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Dexamethasone increases expression and activity of multidrug resistance transporters at the rat blood-brain barrier

(2008) Vishal S. Narang et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY

A polarized localization of amino acid/carnitine transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) in the blood–brain barrier

(2008) Magdalena Czeredys et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Expression and transcriptional regulation of ABC transporters and cytochromes P450 in hCMEC/D3 human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

(2008) Sandrine Dauchy et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Transcriptional profiles of receptors and transporters involved in brain cholesterol homeostasis at the blood–brain barrier: Use of an in vitro model

(2008) Fabien Gosselet et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Antitumour activity of ANG1005, a conjugate between paclitaxel and the new brain delivery vector Angiopep-2

(2008) A Régina et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacokinetic role of L-type amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2

(2008) Eva M. del Amo et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Glucocorticoids Increase VE-Cadherin Expression and Cause Cytoskeletal Rearrangements in Murine Brain Endothelial cEND Cells

(2008) Kinga G Blecharz et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Involvement of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in the transcytosis of the brain delivery vector Angiopep-2

(2008) Michel Demeule et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

ABC transporters, cytochromes P450 and their main transcription factors: expression at the human blood-brain barrier

(2008) Sandrine Dauchy et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

The human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 as a human blood-brain barrier model for drug transport studies

(2008) Birk Poller et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Bradykinin increases blood–tumor barrier permeability by down-regulating the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 and rearranging actin cytoskeleton

(2008) Li-bo Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH

Differential effects of hydrocortisone and TNFα on tight junction proteins in anin vitromodel of the human blood-brain barrier

(2008) Carola Förster et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON

Glucocorticoids regulate the human occludin gene through a single imperfect palindromic glucocorticoid response element

(2008) Nina Harke et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Cloning and characterization of the murine claudin-5 promoter

(2008) Malgorzata Burek et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

A new blood–brain barrier model using primary rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes

(2008) Shinsuke Nakagawa et al.   NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL

Canonical Wnt Signaling Regulates Organ-Specific Assembly and Differentiation of CNS Vasculature

(2008) J. M. Stenman et al.   SCIENCE

An in vitro blood-brain barrier model for high throughput (HTS) toxicological screening

(2008) Maxime Culot et al.   TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO

Structure and function of claudins

(2007) Gerd Krause et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES

Pericyte–endothelial cell interaction increases MMP-9 secretion at the blood–brain barrier in vitro

(2007) Alla Zozulya et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH