Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanxin Zhao, Buhan Liu, Jian Wang, Long Xu, Sihang Yu, Jiaying Fu, Xiaoyu Yan, Jing Su
Summary: Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins can disrupt the metabolism of microglia, leading to neuroinflammation.
Review
Immunology
Lauren H. Fairley, Jia Hui Wong, Anna M. Barron
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a terminal neurodegenerative disease with innate immune dysfunction playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. Microglia, the effector cells of innate immunity in the brain, have important immune functions that are energetically demanding and regulated by mitochondria. Genetic risk factors and pathology associated with AD can impair microglial metabolic programming, leading to immune dysfunction. Targeting microglial metabolism may offer a therapeutic window for treating Alzheimer's disease.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Guimei Zhang, Zicheng Wang, Huiling Hu, Meng Zhao, Li Sun
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common type of age-related dementia, where dysregulated microglia activity can lead to chronic neuroinflammation, promote pathological protein accumulation, and impair mitophagy. Targeting microglia may offer new therapeutic interventions for the disease.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhi-Bo Wang, Ya-Hui Ma, Yan Sun, Lan Tan, Hui-Fu Wang, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: This study found that interleukin-3 (IL-3) secreted by astrocytes is associated with soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and mediates the correlation between A beta pathology and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). IL-3 may play a crucial role in the spread from A beta pathology to tau pathology to cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad M. Althafar
Summary: This study summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the activities of microglia in the adult brain, the role of microglia in the aging brain, and the significance of targeting microglia for the treatment of AD.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ikumi Tomizawa, Hanako Nakagawa, Youhei Sohma, Motomu Kanai, Yukiko Hori, Taisuke Tomita
Summary: We developed a photocatalyst that can reduce the aggregation of Aβ and tau through photo-oxygenation, reducing their neurotoxicity and enhancing the clearance of Aβ. This study suggests the potential of photo-oxygenation as a therapeutic strategy for AD.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy M. Smith, Karen Davey, Stergios Tsartsalis, Combiz Khozoie, Nurun Fancy, See Swee Tang, Eirini Liaptsi, Maria Weinert, Aisling McGarry, Robert C. J. Muirhead, Steve Gentleman, David R. Owen, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: The study reveals significant differences in gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in the brains of AD patients, correlated with amyloid-beta or pTau expression. There are distinct gene expression patterns in the two cell types and pathologies, but common gene sets exist in each cell type. Additionally, different sub-clusters are found in astrocytes and microglia, characterized by transcriptional signatures related to either homeostatic functions or disease pathology.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shweta S. Puntambekar, Miguel Moutinho, Peter Bor-Chian Lin, Vaishnavi Jadhav, Danika Tumbleson-Brink, Ananya Balaji, Martin Alvarado Benito, Guixiang Xu, Adrian Oblak, Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves, Gary E. Landreth, Bruce T. Lamb
Summary: This study reveals that Cx3cr1 deficiency impairs the uptake and degradation of A beta by microglia, leading to increased accumulation of neurotoxic A beta species. Additionally, the loss of Cx3cr1 results in dysfunctional microglia characterized by dampened TGF beta signaling, increased oxidative stress responses, and dysregulated pro-inflammatory activation. These findings highlight the significant role of Cx3cr1 in modulating neurodegeneration and cognitive function.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kelley T. Patten, Anthony E. Valenzuela, Christopher Wallis, Elizabeth L. Berg, Jill L. Silverman, Keith J. Bein, Anthony S. Wexler, Pamela J. Lein
Summary: The study demonstrated that chronic exposure to ambient TRAP promoted AD phenotypes in rats with human AD risk genes, with effects varying according to age, sex, and genotype, indicating complex interactions between environment and genetics in AD progression.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Suzanne Lam, Anne-Sophie Herard, Susana Boluda, Fanny Petit, Sabiha Eddarkaoui, Karine Cambon, Jean-Luc Picq, Luc Buee, Charles Duyckaerts, Stephane Haik, Marc Dhenain
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau pathology in the brain. In this study, human AD brain extracts were injected into mice, leading to tau pathology, memory deficits, and reduced synaptic density. Neuritic plaques were found to be responsible for synaptic loss.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zvonimir S. Katusic, Livius V. d'Uscio, Tongrong He
Summary: eNOS is an important enzyme that regulates cardiovascular homeostasis. It plays a critical role in the prevention of neuronal amyloid accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and activation of microglia. It also stimulates glycolysis in astrocytes, increases biogenesis of mitochondria, and protects against cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Endothelial dysfunction and loss of NO signaling contribute to the development of cognitive impairment.
Article
Immunology
Erin E. Sundermann, Mark W. Bondi, Laura M. Campbell, Ben Gouaux, Raeanne C. Moore, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, David J. Moore
Summary: This study aimed to distinguish aMCI from HAND in PWH using a neuropsychological method, finding a higher prevalence of high aMCI risk in the HAND group, with beta-amyloid pathology being associated with high aMCI risk, while phospho-Tau pathology did not differ by aMCI classification.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman, Shaarika Sarasija, Stephen S. G. Ferguson
Summary: This review discusses the disruption of neuroglial homeostasis by β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau, and their contribution to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dawling A. Dionisio-Santos, Berke Karaahmet, Elizabeth K. Belcher, Laura D. Owlett, Lee A. Trojanczyk, John A. Olschowka, M. Kerry O'Banion
Summary: The study found that subcutaneous administration of glatiramer acetate (GA) improved behavioral performance, decreased Aβ plaques, and increased microglia complexity in 3xTg AD mice. There were subtle changes in the microglial transcriptome, with an upregulation of Dcstamp.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Shwetha Nanjundaiah, Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram, Madhura Chandrashekar, Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
Summary: Cholesterol, a crucial component of the cell membrane, plays a significant role in the brain by influencing synaptic transmission, neuronal signaling, and neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulation of cholesterol trafficking is linked to increased production of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-beta protein, leading to Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and Tau phosphorylation is essential for managing the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)