Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike–ACE2 Interaction

Inhaled nebulised unfractionated heparin for the treatment of hospitalised patients with COVID‐19: A multicentre case series of 98 patients

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Multisystem screening reveals SARS‐CoV ‐2 in neurons of the myenteric plexus and in megakaryocytes

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant replication in human bronchus and lung ex vivo

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Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID

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Molecular Simulations suggest Vitamins, Retinoids and Steroids as Ligands of the Free Fatty Acid Pocket of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein

(2021) Deborah Karen Shoemark et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

A novel ACE2 isoform is expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in response to interferons and RNA respiratory virus infection

(2021) Cornelia Blume et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Structure-guided multivalent nanobodies block SARS-CoV-2 infection and suppress mutational escape

(2021) Paul-Albert Koenig et al.   SCIENCE

Neuroinvasion and Encephalitis Following Intranasal Inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 Mice

(2021) Pratima Kumari et al.   Viruses-Basel

Nebulised heparin for patients with or at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

(2021) Barry Dixon et al.   Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody by wild-type plaque reduction neutralization, microneutralization and pseudotyped virus neutralization assays

(2021) Kevin R. Bewley et al.   Nature Protocols

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the N501Y SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in complex with ACE2 and 2 potent neutralizing antibodies

(2021) Xing Zhu et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Potential Prophylactic Treatments for COVID-19

(2021) Noam Ben-Zuk et al.   Viruses-Basel

A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses

(2021) Alberto A. Amarilla et al.   Nature Communications

The SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro causes microvascular brain pathology by cleaving NEMO in brain endothelial cells

(2021) Jan Wenzel et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Spontaneous Bleedings in COVID-19 Patients: An Emerging Complication

(2020) Irene Bargellini et al.   CARDIOVASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY

Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2

(2020) Qihui Wang et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

COVID-19 and the Heart

(2020) Akbarshakh Akhmerov et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

Heparin – an old drug with multiple potential targets in Covid‐19 therapy

(2020) Ulf Lindahl et al.   JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Pathophysiology of the COVID-19 – entry to the CNS through the nose

(2020) Jukka Ylikoski et al.   ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA

Evaluation of K18-hACE2 Mice as a Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

(2020) Gregory Brett Moreau et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE

Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus

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The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections

(2020) Jatin Machhi et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2

(2020) Thomas Mandel Clausen et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 infection of human ACE2-transgenic mice causes severe lung inflammation and impaired function

(2020) Emma S. Winkler et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

(2020) Christine Toelzer et al.   SCIENCE

Increased Plasma Heparanase Activity in COVID-19 Patients

(2020) Baranca Buijsers et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Unfractionated heparin inhibits live wild type SARS‐CoV‐2 cell infectivity at therapeutically relevant concentrations

(2020) Julia A. Tree et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin

(2020) Courtney J. Mycroft-West et al.   THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Is host heparanase required for the rapid spread of heparan sulfate binding viruses?

(2019) Mayank Khanna et al.   VIROLOGY

Dual targeting of dengue virus virions and NS1 protein with the heparan sulfate mimic PG545

(2019) Naphak Modhiran et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Viral Attachment: True Receptors or Adaptation Bias?

(2019) Cagno et al.   Viruses-Basel

Prophylactic Antiheparanase Activity by PG545 Is Antiviral In Vitro and Protects against Ross River Virus Disease in Mice

(2018) Aroon Supramaniam et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

A Phase I study of the novel immunomodulatory agent PG545 (pixatimod) in subjects with advanced solid tumours

(2018) Keith Dredge et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER

Imminent risk of a global shortage of heparin caused by the African Swine Flu afflicting the Chinese pig herd

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The Role of Heparanase in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target

(2017) Iyad Khamaysi et al.   Scientific Reports

The Cholestanol-Conjugated Sulfated Oligosaccharide PG545 Disrupts the Lipid Envelope of Herpes Simplex Virus Particles

(2015) Joanna S. Said et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

The MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods to estimate ligand-binding affinities

(2015) Samuel Genheden et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

A Parameterization of Cholesterol for Mixed Lipid Bilayer Simulation within the Amber Lipid14 Force Field

(2015) Benjamin D. Madej et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B

Accurate secondary structure prediction and fold recognition for circular dichroism spectroscopy

(2015) András Micsonai et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Heparanase Cooperates with Ras to Drive Breast and Skin Tumorigenesis

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Human Coronavirus NL63 Utilizes Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans for Attachment to Target Cells

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Routine Microsecond Molecular Dynamics Simulations with AMBER on GPUs. 2. Explicit Solvent Particle Mesh Ewald

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Generation of a human airway epithelium derived basal cell line with multipotent differentiation capacity

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MMPBSA.py: An Efficient Program for End-State Free Energy Calculations

(2012) Bill R. Miller et al.   Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

Discovery of PG545: A Highly Potent and Simultaneous Inhibitor of Angiogenesis, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis

(2012) Vito Ferro et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Potent anti-respiratory syncytial virus activity of a cholestanol-sulfated tetrasaccharide conjugate

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PG545, a dual heparanase and angiogenesis inhibitor, induces potent anti-tumour and anti-metastatic efficacy in preclinical models

(2011) K Dredge et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER

Differential Scanning Fluorimetry Measurement of Protein Stability Changes upon Binding to Glycosaminoglycans: A Screening Test for Binding Specificity

(2010) Katarzyna A. Uniewicz et al.   ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Lipophile-conjugated sulfated oligosaccharides as novel microbicides against HIV-1

(2010) Joanna Said et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Improved side-chain torsion potentials for the Amber ff99SB protein force field

(2010) Kresten Lindorff-Larsen et al.   PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS