Dimerization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Importance in (Patho)physiology: A Primer

Point mutation I634A in the glucocorticoid receptor causes embryonic lethality by reduced ligand binding

(2022) Steven Timmermans et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Intact Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Is Deleterious in Trauma-Induced Impaired Fracture Healing

(2021) Yasmine Hachemi et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Genome-wide binding potential and regulatory activity of the glucocorticoid receptor’s monomeric and dimeric forms

(2021) Thomas A. Johnson et al.   Nature Communications

Combined glucocorticoid resistance and hyperlactatemia contributes to lethal shock in sepsis

(2021) Jolien Vandewalle et al.   Cell Metabolism

Glucocorticoids regulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in fetal cardiomyocytes

(2021) Jessica R. Ivy et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON

ZBTB32 performs crosstalk with the glucocorticoid receptor and is crucial in glucocorticoid responses to starvation

(2021) Lise Van Wyngene et al.   iScience

Reprogramming of glucocorticoid receptor function by hypoxia

(2021) Tineke Vanderhaeghen et al.   EMBO REPORTS

Enhancer RNA Expression in Response to Glucocorticoid Treatment in Murine Macrophages

(2021) Franziska Greulich et al.   Cells

Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

(2020) Kristina E Rudd et al.   LANCET

Beyond the heterodimer model for mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor interactions in nuclei and at DNA

(2020) John R. Pooley et al.   PLoS One

Impaired Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Aggravates LPS-Induced Circulatory and Pulmonary Dysfunction

(2020) Martin Wepler et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Glucocorticoids limit lipopolysaccharide‐induced lethal inflammation by a double control system

(2020) Kelly Van Looveren et al.   EMBO REPORTS

Nuclear receptor crosstalk — defining the mechanisms for therapeutic innovation

(2020) Karolien De Bosscher et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Anti-inflammatory functions of the glucocorticoid receptor require DNA binding

(2020) Laura Escoter-Torres et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Improved Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligands: Fantastic Beasts, but How to Find Them?

(2020) Laura Van Moortel et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism

(2020) Stine M. Præstholm et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

A miR-29a–driven negative feedback loop regulates peripheral glucocorticoid receptor signaling

(2019) Christina Glantschnig et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Glucocorticoid receptor quaternary structure drives chromatin occupancy and transcriptional outcome

(2019) Ville Paakinaho et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

A General Introduction to Glucocorticoid Biology

(2019) Steven Timmermans et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

GR Dimerization and the Impact of GR Dimerization on GR Protein Stability and Half-Life

(2019) Ann Louw   Frontiers in Immunology

Overexpression of GILZ in macrophages limits systemic inflammation while increasing bacterial clearance in sepsis in mice

(2019) Mehdi Ellouze et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Cognitive dysfunction in mice lacking proper glucocorticoid receptor dimerization

(2019) Kelly Van Looveren et al.   PLoS One

Glucocorticoid receptor in stromal cells is essential for glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of inflammation in arthritis

(2018) Mascha Koenen et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Alternative dimerization interfaces in the glucocorticoid receptor-α ligand binding domain

(2018) Laurent Bianchetti et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS

Glucocorticoid receptor dimers control intestinal STAT1 and TNF-induced inflammation in mice

(2018) Marlies Ballegeer et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids on skeleton and bone regeneration after fracture

(2018) Yasmine Hachemi et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

The glucocorticoid receptor in recipient cells keeps cytokine secretion in acute graft-versus-host disease at bay

(2018) Tina Baake et al.   Oncotarget

Glucocorticoid receptor recruits to enhancers and drives activation by motif-directed binding

(2018) Ian C. McDowell et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

The nuclear receptor superfamily: A structural perspective

(2018) Emily R. Weikum et al.   PROTEIN SCIENCE

Overexpression of Gilz Protects Mice Against Lethal Septic Peritonitis

(2018) Marlies Ballegeer et al.   SHOCK

A screening assay for Selective Dimerizing Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists and Modulators (SEDIGRAM) that are effective against acute inflammation

(2018) Jolien Souffriau et al.   Scientific Reports

Androgens modulate glucocorticoid receptor activity in adipose tissue and liver

(2018) Dieuwertje C E Spaanderman et al.   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

(2018) Lenore Buckley et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Disease- and treatment-associated acquired glucocorticoid resistance

(2018) Legh Wilkinson et al.   Endocrine Connections

Airway Epithelial Cells Are Crucial Targets of Glucocorticoids in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma

(2017) Carina Klaßen et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Glucocorticoid receptor control of transcription: precision and plasticity via allostery

(2017) Emily R. Weikum et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

A Quantitative Study of Internal and External Interactions of Homodimeric Glucocorticoid Receptor Using Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy in a Live Cell

(2017) Manisha Tiwari et al.   Scientific Reports

New Insights in Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling—More Than Just a Ligand-Binding Receptor

(2017) Karin Scheschowitsch et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Activation of dimeric glucocorticoid receptors in osteoclast progenitors potentiates RANKL induced mature osteoclast bone resorbing activity

(2016) H. Herschel Conaway et al.   BONE

The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)

(2016) Mervyn Singer et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

The Interactome of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Influence on the Actions of Glucocorticoids in Combatting Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases

(2016) Ioanna Petta et al.   MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS

Glucocorticoids and nervous system plasticity

(2016) JessicaK Lerch et al.   Neural Regeneration Research

Chromatin recruitment of activated AMPK drives fasting response genes co-controlled by GR and PPARα

(2016) Dariusz Ratman et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

DNA binding triggers tetramerization of the glucocorticoid receptor in live cells

(2016) Diego M. Presman et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Activation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Acute Inflammation: the SEDIGRAM Concept

(2016) Karolien De Bosscher et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Glucocorticoid‐induced microRNA‐511 protects against TNF by down‐regulating TNFR1

(2015) Leen Puimège et al.   EMBO Molecular Medicine

Genomic redistribution of GR monomers and dimers mediates transcriptional response to exogenous glucocorticoid in vivo

(2015) Hee-Woong Lim et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

One Hormone, Two Actions: Anti- and Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Glucocorticoids

(2015) Diana Cruz-Topete et al.   NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION

GR SUMOylation and formation of an SUMO-SMRT/NCoR1-HDAC3 repressing complex is mandatory for GC-induced IR nGRE-mediated transrepression

(2015) Guoqiang Hua et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Glucocorticoids limit acute lung inflammation in concert with inflammatory stimuli by induction of SphK1

(2015) Sabine Vettorazzi et al.   Nature Communications

Discovery of Compound A – a selective activator of the glucocorticoid receptor with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity

(2015) Ekaterina Lesovaya et al.   Oncotarget

Chemokine-mediated redirection of T cells constitutes a critical mechanism of glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune CNS responses

(2014) Nils Schweingruber et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Structures and mechanism for the design of highly potent glucocorticoids

(2014) Yuanzheng He et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Glucocorticoids Induce Gastroparesis in Mice Through Depletion ofl-Arginine

(2014) Sybille D. Reichardt et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

The glucocorticoid receptor, not the mineralocorticoid receptor, plays the dominant role in adipogenesis and adipokine production in human adipocytes

(2014) M-J Lee et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Live Cell Imaging Unveils Multiple Domain Requirements for In Vivo Dimerization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor

(2014) Diego M. Presman et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Deconstructing the roles of glucocorticoids in adipose tissue biology and the development of central obesity

(2013) Mi-Jeong Lee et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE

New Insights into the Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Glucocorticoids: An Emerging Role for Glucocorticoid-Receptor-Mediated Transactivation

(2013) Sofie Vandevyver et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Single-molecule imaging of transcription factor binding to DNA in live mammalian cells

(2013) J Christof M Gebhardt et al.   NATURE METHODS

The glucocorticoid receptor dimer interface allosterically transmits sequence-specific DNA signals

(2013) Lisa C Watson et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

A naturally occuring insertion of a single amino acid rewires transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoid receptor isoforms

(2013) M. Thomas-Chollier et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Glucocorticoid Receptor–Promoter Interactions: Energetic Dissection Suggests a Framework for the Specificity of Steroid Receptor-Mediated Gene Regulation

(2012) James P. Robblee et al.   BIOCHEMISTRY

A genome-wide signature of glucocorticoid receptor binding in neuronal PC12 cells

(2012) J Annelies E Polman et al.   BMC NEUROSCIENCE

Glucocorticoids Enhance Intestinal Glucose Uptake Via the Dimerized Glucocorticoid Receptor in Enterocytes

(2012) Sybille D. Reichardt et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper is downregulated in human alveolar macrophages upon Toll-like receptor activation

(2012) Jessica Hoppstädter et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization induces MKP1 to protect against TNF-induced inflammation

(2012) Sofie Vandevyver et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

How glucocorticoid receptors modulate the activity of other transcription factors: A scope beyond tethering

(2012) Dariusz Ratman et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization is required for proper recovery of LPS-induced inflammation, sickness behavior and metabolism in mice

(2012) M N Silverman et al.   MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY

The structural basis of direct glucocorticoid-mediated transrepression

(2012) William H Hudson et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Endothelial glucocorticoid receptor is required for protection against sepsis

(2012) J. E. Goodwin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Regulation of triglyceride metabolism by glucocorticoid receptor

(2012) Jen-Chywan Wang et al.   Cell and Bioscience

Widespread Negative Response Elements Mediate Direct Repression by Agonist- Liganded Glucocorticoid Receptor

(2011) Milan Surjit et al.   CELL

Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization is required for survival in septic shock via suppression of interleukin-1 in macrophages

(2011) Anna Kleiman et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibits Glucocorticoid Receptor Function in Mice

(2011) Tom Van Bogaert et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Folding of the glucocorticoid receptor N-terminal transactivation function: Dynamics and regulation

(2011) R. Kumar et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Complex Human Glucocorticoid Receptor dim Mutations Define Glucocorticoid Induced Apoptotic Resistance in Bone Cells

(2011) Christine M. Jewell et al.   MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Maps and legends: The quest for dissociated ligands of the glucocorticoid receptor

(2011) Andrew R. Clark et al.   PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Glucocorticoid therapy of antigen-induced arthritis depends on the dimerized glucocorticoid receptor in T cells

(2011) U. Baschant et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

On the Trail of the Glucocorticoid Receptor: Into the Nucleus and Back

(2011) Sofie Vandevyver et al.   TRAFFIC

Glucocorticoid receptor mutants: man-made tools for functional research

(2011) Ilse M. Beck et al.   TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Cecal ligation and puncture: the gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis?

(2011) Lien Dejager et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Prednisolone-induced differential gene expression in mouse liver carrying wild type or a dimerization-defective glucocorticoid receptor

(2010) Raoul Frijters et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Glucocorticoids Suppress Bone Formation by Attenuating Osteoblast Differentiation via the Monomeric Glucocorticoid Receptor

(2010) Alexander Rauch et al.   Cell Metabolism

DNA binding-dependent glucocorticoid receptor activity promotes adipogenesis via Krüppel-like factor 15 gene expression

(2010) Maki Asada et al.   LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

Design and x-ray crystal structures of high-potency nonsteroidal glucocorticoid agonists exploiting a novel binding site on the receptor

(2009) K. Biggadike et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

PPAR  blocks glucocorticoid receptor  -mediated transactivation but cooperates with the activated glucocorticoid receptor   for transrepression on NF- B

(2009) N. Bougarne et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

DNA Binding Site Sequence Directs Glucocorticoid Receptor Structure and Activity

(2009) S. H. Meijsing et al.   SCIENCE

PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-α MODULATES THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN A MODEL OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN MICE

(2009) Luisa Riccardi et al.   SHOCK

The glucocorticoid receptor and FOXO1 synergistically activate the skeletal muscle atrophy-associated MuRF1 gene

(2008) David S. Waddell et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Use of glucocorticoids and risk of infections

(2008) Maurizio Cutolo et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Identification of androgen-selective androgen-response elements in the human aquaporin-5 and Rad9 genes

(2008) Udo Moehren et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

The first X-ray crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor bound to a non-steroidal agonist

(2008) Kevin P. Madauss et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

X-ray Crystal Structure of the Novel Enhanced-Affinity Glucocorticoid Agonist Fluticasone Furoate in the Glucocorticoid Receptor−Ligand Binding Domain⊥

(2008) Keith Biggadike et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY