Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rhiannan H. Williams, Therese Riedemann
Summary: Researchers are extensively studying cortical interneurons to understand their specific functions in the brain and potentially target them for therapeutic purposes. Among the different classes of interneurons, this review focuses on parvalbumin or somatostatin-containing cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Dooves, Liza M. L. Kok, Dwayne B. Holmes, Nicole Breeuwsma, Marjolein Breur, Marianna Bugiani, Nicole Wolf, Vivi M. Heine
Summary: Using iPSC-derived cultures, researchers found reduced ARX expression, increased neuronal network activity, and altered development of interneurons-particularly parvalbumin lineage-in patients with 4H leukodystrophy, a rare white matter disorder. 4H is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The discovery of the role of RNA polymerase III mutations in 4H has expanded the understanding of the disease beyond its classic phenotype. This study's importance rating is 8 out of 10.
Article
Neurosciences
Catherine Fleitas, Pau Marfull-Oromi, Disha Chauhan, Daniel del Toro, Blanca Peguera, Bahira Zammou, Daniel Rocandio, Rudiger Klein, Carme Espinet, Joaquim Egea
Summary: Neuron migration is important in nervous system development, with FLRTs controlling the distribution of cortical inhibitory interneurons through Unc5 receptors, potentially impacting the development of psychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Alfredo Llorca, Ruben Deogracias
Summary: This review describes the diversity of interneurons that make up local circuits in the neocortex and summarizes the mechanisms underlying their development and assembly into functional networks.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chia-wei Chang, Meiling Zhao, Samantha Grudzien, Max Oginsky, Yexin Yang, Sung Eun Kwon
Summary: The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) plays an important role in movement control by encoding sensory input and receiving inputs from other sensorimotor areas. In this study, silencing the non-whisker S1 area disrupted hind paw movement during locomotion in mice. Furthermore, the S2 and M1 areas were found to provide major inputs to the non-whisker S1 area, with S2 projections preferentially targeting inhibitory interneurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mohit Dubey, Maria Pascual-Garcia, Koke Helmes, Dennis D. Wever, Mustafa S. Hamada, Steven A. Kushner, Maarten H. P. Kole
Summary: PV+ interneurons in the brain are powerful inhibitors that regulate important cognitive processes. However, they have unusual, patchy myelination, and it is unclear how this affects their function. Loss of myelin in these interneurons reduces signal strength and increases the power of slow brain waves, as well as triggering epilepsy-like brain activity. Restoring myelination helps reverse these deficits and could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cognitive impairments.
Review
Neurosciences
Emily Ling-Lin Pai, April M. Stafford, Daniel Vogt
Summary: The development and maturation of cortical GABAergic interneurons involve both transcriptional regulation via nuclear factors and cellular signaling cascades including mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways. These signaling families play important roles in regulating various developmental milestones and properties of interneurons. The coordination between transcriptional and signaling mechanisms is crucial for the complex diversity observed during cortical interneuron development and maturation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Celine Selenou, Frederic Brioude, Eloise Giabicani, Marie-Laure Sobrier, Irene Netchine
Summary: In the past 30 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the structure, function, and regulation of IGF2. Animal and human studies have revealed the complex regulation, physiological roles, and implications of IGF2 in diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaosu Li, Guoping Liu, Lin Yang, Zhenmeiyu Li, Zhuangzhi Zhang, Zhejun Xu, Yuqun Cai, Heng Du, Zihao Su, Ziwu Wang, Yangyang Duan, Haotian Chen, Zicong Shang, Yan You, Qi Zhang, Miao He, Bin Chen, Zhengang Yang
Summary: The study elucidates the development of mouse cortical radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors and different subtypes of neural cells. It provides insights into the genetic logic underlying the specification and differentiation of cortical glial cells and OB interneurons.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Innocent Ogunmwonyi, Adewale Adebajo, Jeremy Mark Wilkinson
Summary: Nutritional rickets is a significant global health issue, characterized by bony deformities and an increased risk of life-threatening seizures due to hypocalcemia. Deficiency in dietary vitamin D is associated with the development of nutritional rickets in children and infants. Genetic and epigenetic factors may influence an individual's susceptibility to developing nutritional rickets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
James Perna, Ju Lu, Brian Mullen, Taohui Liu, Michelle Tjia, Sydney Weiser, James Ackman, Yi Zuo
Summary: The study shows that perinatal penicillin exposure in mice leads to long-lasting negative effects on neural activity, cortical structure, and behavior in adolescents, including abnormal sensory processing, increased spontaneous neural activities, delayed maturation, and synaptic defects.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Aurelie Brecier, Melodie Borel, Nadia Urbain, Luc J. Gentet
Summary: GABAergic inhibitory neurons play a crucial role in regulating cortical circuit activity during the sleep/wake cycle. This study investigated the activity dynamics of PV, VIP, and SST neurons in the somatosensory cortex of sleeping mice. The findings revealed that PV neurons were most active during both REM and NREM sleep, VIP neurons were most active during REM sleep, and the overall activity of SST neurons remained stable throughout the sleep/wake cycle. Furthermore, the study found that ongoing delta and theta oscillations influenced the activity of most neurons, except for SST neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tevye Jason Stachniak, Rahel Kastli, Olivia Hanley, Ali Ozgur Argunsah, Elianne Grietje Theodora van der Valk, George Kanatouris, Theofanis Karayannis
Summary: The study demonstrates the critical role of Prox1 in controlling the final specification of VIP interneuron subtypes, particularly highlighting the differential function of Elfn1 in multipolar cells. This research provides insights into key genetic regulatory mechanisms during neuronal development, shedding light on intricate processes governing subtype differentiation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan N. Delgado, Denise E. Allen, Matthew G. Keefe, Walter R. Mancia Leon, Ryan S. Ziffra, Elizabeth E. Crouch, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Tomasz J. Nowakowski
Summary: Studies have shown that human cortical progenitors are capable of generating both excitatory neurons and cortical interneurons, expanding our understanding of the origins of neuronal diversity in the human cortex. By utilizing a new cellular barcoding tool called STICR, researchers were able to trace the clonal lineage of human cortical progenitors and identify transcriptional similarities between cortically born GABAergic neurons and cortical interneurons born from the ganglionic eminences.
Article
Neurosciences
Kirill Zavalin, Anjana Hassan, Cary Fu, Eric Delpire, Andre H. Lagrange
Summary: KCC2 is an important regulator of neuronal development and function, maintaining inhibitory responses mediated by GABA receptors. It also interacts with other proteins to regulate various neuronal processes. The loss of KCC2 leads to an imbalance in interneuron subtypes, resulting in seizures and premature death.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andreas Tjarnberg, Omar Mahmood, Christopher A. Jackson, Giuseppe-Antonio Saldi, Kyunghyun Cho, Lionel A. Christiaen, Richard A. Bonneau
Summary: This paper investigates denoising methods for single-cell data to optimally preserve biologically relevant informative variance. DEWaKSS, a novel method utilizing self-supervised learning principles, demonstrates robust performance compared to existing complex algorithms and state-of-the-art graph denoising methods.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Favuzzi, Shuhan Huang, Giuseppe A. Saldi, Loic Binan, Leena A. Ibrahim, Marian Fernandez-Otero, Yuqing Cao, Ayman Zeine, Adwoa Sefah, Karen Zheng, Qing Xu, Elizaveta Khlestova, Samouil L. Farhi, Richard Bonneau, Sandeep Robert Datta, Beth Stevens, Gord Fishell
Summary: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, selectively interact with inhibitory cortical synapses during a critical window of mouse postnatal development through initiating a transcriptional synapse remodeling program with GABA, demonstrating the importance of selective communication between neuronal and glial cell types in brain wiring.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Goichi Miyoshi, Yoshifumi Ueta, Akiyo Natsubori, Kou Hiraga, Hironobu Osaki, Yuki Yagasaki, Yusuke Kishi, Yuchio Yanagawa, Gord Fishell, Robert P. Machold, Mariko Miyata
Summary: This study reveals that FoxG1 regulates the formation of cortical GABAergic circuits affecting social behavior during a specific postnatal time window in mouse models of ASD. The second postnatal week is a critical period to prevent ASD-like social impairments. Transplantation of GABAergic precursor cells or modulation of GABAergic tone can respectively ameliorate or exacerbate circuit functionality and social behavioral defects.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Omar Mahmood, Elman Mansimov, Richard Bonneau, Kyunghyun Cho
Summary: The study introduces a masked graph model to generate molecules with specified properties while maintaining physiochemical similarity to the training distribution. They found that scores for validity, KL-divergence, and Frechet ChemNet Distance are anti-correlated with novelty, allowing for a more effective trade-off between these metrics.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Soledad Dominguez, Liang Ma, Han Yu, Gabrielle Pouchelon, Christian Mayer, George D. Spyropoulos, Claudia Cea, Gyorgy Buzsaki, Gordon Fishell, Dion Khodagholy, Jennifer N. Gelinas
Summary: Studies show that mature cortical processes emerge rapidly and simultaneously after a discrete but volatile transition period at the beginning of the second postnatal week in rodents, characterized by relative neural quiescence. This transient quiescent period is believed to be a requisite for the subsequent emergence of coordinated cortical networks. Similar developmental trajectory is observed in humans, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that could facilitate a transition in network operation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Claudia Skok Gibbs, Christopher A. Jackson, Giuseppe-Antonio Saldi, Andreas Tjarnberg, Aashna Shah, Aaron Watters, Nicholas De Veaux, Konstantine Tchourine, Ren Yi, Tymor Hamamsy, Dayanne M. Castro, Nicholas Carriero, Bram L. Gorissen, David Gresham, Emily R. Miraldi, Richard Bonneau
Summary: Motivation: Gene regulatory networks play a crucial role in understanding cellular growth and function. Methods for inferring and reconstructing these networks from genomics data have rapidly evolved. In this work, the Inferelator 3.0 is presented, which integrates data from different cell types to learn context-specific regulatory networks. It is able to integrate large-scale single-cell datasets and learn cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks. The Inferelator outperforms other methods in learning new and informative gene networks from single-cell gene expression data.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin Aslett, Andrew M. Guess, Richard Bonneau, Jonathan Nagler, Joshua A. Tucker
Summary: As the primary arena for viral misinformation shifts toward transnational threats, researchers are searching for scalable countermeasures compatible with transparency and free expression. A field experiment showed that embedding source credibility labels in social feeds and search results had no significant impact on the attitudes and behaviors of general users, but it slightly improved news diet quality for heavy consumers of misinformation.
Correction
Neurosciences
Douglas Vormstein-Schneider, Jessica D. Lin, Kenneth A. Pelkey, Ramesh Chittajallu, Baolin Guo, Mario A. Arias-Garcia, Kathryn Allaway, Sofia Sakopoulos, Gates Schneider, Olivia Stevenson, Josselyn Vergara, Jitendra Sharma, Qiangge Zhang, Tom P. Franken, Jared Smith, Leena A. Ibrahim, Kevin J. Mastro, Ehsan Sabri, Shuhan Huang, Emilia Favuzzi, Timothy Burbridge, Qing Xu, Lihua Guo, Ian Vogel, Vanessa Sanchez, Giuseppe A. Saldi, Bram L. Gorissen, Xiaoqing Yuan, Kareem A. Zaghloul, Orrin Devinsky, Bernardo L. Sabatini, Renata Batista-Brito, John Reynolds, Guoping Feng, Zhanyan Fu, Chris J. McBain, Gord Fishell, Jordane Dimidschstein
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mehmet Neset Ozel, Claudia Skok Gibbs, Isabel Holguera, Mennah Soliman, Richard Bonneau, Claude Desplan
Summary: The study reveals that the Drosophila visual system contains nearly 200 distinct types of neurons, each defined by unique combinations of about 10 continuously expressed transcription factors. Modifying the terminal selector code can predictably convert neuronal fates and these conversions are morphologically and transcriptionally complete. Additionally, the study identifies one gene that is linked to an upstream patterning factor, which specifies neuronal fates in stem cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gregory Eady, Tom Paskhalis, Jan Zilinsky, Richard Bonneau, Jonathan Nagler, Joshua A. Tucker
Summary: This study uses longitudinal survey data and Twitter data of US respondents to quantify the relationship between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and attitudes and voting behavior in the 2016 US election. The results show that exposure to Russian disinformation accounts was primarily concentrated among strongly identified Republican users, with only 1% of users accounting for 70% of exposures. Furthermore, the influence of the Russian campaign was overshadowed by content from domestic news media and politicians. Importantly, no meaningful relationship was found between exposure to the Russian foreign influence campaign and changes in attitudes, polarization, or voting behavior.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tymor Hamamsy, James T. Morton, Robert Blackwell, Daniel Berenberg, Nicholas Carriero, Vladimir Gligorijevic, Charlie E. M. Strauss, Julia Koehler Leman, Kyunghyun Cho, Richard Bonneau
Summary: This article introduces two deep learning methods, TM-Vec and DeepBLAST, for improving the ability to align proteins with low sequence similarity. TM-Vec allows searching for structure-structure similarities, while DeepBLAST can structurally align proteins using only sequence information. These methods can rapidly and accurately identify protein sequence and structural similarities in large databases.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tal Ashuach, Mariano I. Gabitto, Rohan V. Koodli, Giuseppe-Antonio Saldi, Michael I. Jordan, Nir Yosef
Summary: Jointly profiling the transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, and other molecular properties of single cells can enhance the study of cellular diversity. MultiVI, a probabilistic model, allows the analysis of multiomic data and enhances single-modality datasets by creating a joint representation. It can be accessed at scvi-tools.org.