Article
Veterinary Sciences
Louisa Sroka, Clara Muller, Marie-Lena Hass, Anja These, Sabine Aboling, Ingrid Vervuert
Summary: This study investigated horses' intake and rejection behavior towards Senecio jacobaea when fed hay ad libitum. The results showed that horses cannot avoid consuming hay contaminated with Senecio jacobaea even when provided with ad libitum hay. Due to the risk of chronic intoxication, feeding hay contaminated with Senecio jacobaea should be avoided, and pastures with Senecio jacobaea growth are considered unsuitable for feed production.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Julian Taenzer, Matthias Gehling, Fenja Klevenhusen, Janine Saltzmann, Sven Daenicke, Anja These
Summary: The metabolism of Senecio pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxide forms in the rumen was studied using mass spectrometry. Most N-oxides were rapidly converted to free bases and further transformed into hydrogenated metabolites. This rumen metabolism can be considered a detoxification step. Some PAs were metabolized slowly in the rumen, and this limited transformation was also observed in the liver in other studies.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aikebaier Jumai, Ruxianguli Rouzimaimaiti, Guo-An Zou, Haji Akber Aisa
Summary: Four undescribed pyrrolizidine alkaloids and two enantiomeric pairs of unusual alkaloids were isolated from whole plant extracts of Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. The structures were determined through spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis, with some confirmed by comparison of theoretical and experimental data. These compounds exhibit unique structural features and possess rare natural moieties.
Review
Plant Sciences
Jacqueline Wiesner
Summary: The toxicity of plants containing certain pyrrolizidine alkaloids has been recognized for a long time, leading to regulatory action on herbal medicinal products. In addition to the plants themselves, contamination from accessory herbs has been identified, leading to limits being set for all herbal medicinal products by regulatory authorities.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Begona Fernandez-Pintor, Natalia Casado, Sonia Morante-Zarcero, Isabel Sierra
Summary: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have attracted attention in food safety due to their potential health risk. Tea and herbal tea, as they can be contaminated with PAs-producing weeds, have been particularly highlighted. This study simulated the cross-contamination of chamomile tea samples with weeds to evaluate the effect of brewing on PA content. The results showed that PAs are stable compounds and the initial PA concentration strongly affects their thermal stability. Not all PAs are effectively transferred from dry material to the infusion during brewing, and the extraction efficiency may be influenced by the type of weed. The study emphasizes the importance of analyzing infusion samples to correctly assess the risk exposure of consumers to PAs.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Florian Kaltner
Summary: Toxic plant alkaloids (TPAs) found in food may be affected by storing or processing, leading to decreased levels of the parent alkaloids. However, little is known about potential transformation products and their toxic potential. This perspective summarizes the current knowledge on the behavior of opium, pyrrolizidine, and tropane alkaloids during processing or storing, and highlights analytical strategies to identify and elucidate potential transformation products.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Korinna Huber, Janine Saltzmann, Sven Daenicke
Summary: This study examined the dose-dependent effects of plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) on midlactation dairy cows. The results revealed changes in metabolic pathways, particularly those related to energy metabolism and amino acid utilization, in liver tissue, plasma, and milk samples. These findings have important implications for the health of dairy cows and milk quality.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Octavian Augustin Mihalache, Luca Dellafiora, Chiara Dall'Asta
Summary: The ongoing shift from traditional diets to plant-based meat alternatives is driven by the friendly characteristics related to consumers' health and environment. However, the potential adverse effects of plant-based meat alternatives, such as contamination with mycotoxins and other toxic substances, have not been sufficiently studied. Future research is needed to understand the risks associated with plant-based meat diets and establish maximum limits for contaminants to ensure food safety for consumers.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Michael Zwerger, Judith Zelger, Markus Ganzera
Summary: The neophyte plant species S. inaequidens from South Africa has spread widely throughout Europe and the world. All species in this genus contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which pose a potential health hazard to humans and livestock. Efficient and straightforward assays for their qualitative and quantitative analysis are in high demand due to their presence in the food chain and contaminants in herbal crops and phytopharmaceutical formulations.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas John Sadgrove
Summary: The genus Senecio, one of the largest in Asteraceae, has thousands of species worldwide. These species are best known for their toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, but also contain other chemical classes of compounds. The chemistry of these species generally overlaps with the confirmed species in Africa, but there may be unexplored chemical groups.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yisheng He, Yun Long, Chunyuan Zhang, Jiang Ma, Changqiang Ke, Chunping Tang, Yang Ye, Ge Lin
Summary: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common plant-derived toxins that have contaminated retail honey in Ethiopia, with 77% of samples found containing PAs. Further contamination was found in mead, an alcoholic beverage made from local honey. Long-term exposure to PAs caused liver damage in mice, with alcohol consumption exacerbating the hepatotoxic effects.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Barbara Steinhoff
Summary: In response to potential contamination of medicinal plant materials with pyrrolizidine alkaloids from weeds, suppliers and manufacturers have established measures to monitor and collect data. The results show a significant reduction in pyrrolizidine alkaloid burden in herbal drugs and extracts, indicating the effectiveness of implemented measures in reducing contamination.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jurgen Muller, Denny Wiedow, Mohammad Said Chmit, Till Beuerle
Summary: The optional utilization of fresh and ensiled common ragwort biomasses was investigated, and it was found that ensiling reduced toxic content and produced methane. However, ragwort biomass has limited energy potential and requires further processing to reduce toxic content.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pavel Kalac, Florian Kaltner
Summary: Species of Senecio and Jacobaea genera, such as tansy ragwort and marsh ragwort, have become weeds in Western and Central Europe. These plants contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that pose a threat to livestock, particularly horses. Ruminants are more resistant due to partial detoxification in the rumen, but there is still concern about carry-over of these toxins into milk.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
F. J. Van Schalkwyk, M. A. Stander, M. Nsizwane, A. Mathee, B-E Van Wyk
Summary: Senecio coronatus, commonly used in traditional medicine in South Africa, does not contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Fatal cases of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in infants were caused by wrongly identified Senecio species containing large amounts of retrorsine-N-oxide. A validated UPLC-MS/MS method for detecting and quantifying pyrrolizidine alkaloids is described.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mandi Yahyazadeh, Rieke Meinen, Robert Haensch, Sara Abouzeid, Dirk Selmar
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tahani Hijazin, Alzahraa Radwan, Sara Abouzeid, Gerald Draeger, Dirk Selmar
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Abouzeid, Ulrike Beutling, Dirk Selmar
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dirk Selmar, Carina Wittke, Iris Beck-von Wolffersdorff, Bernhard Klier, Laura Lewerenz, Maik Kleinwaechter, Melanie Nowak
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2019)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Dirk Selmar, Alzahraa Radwan, Tahani Hijazin, Sara Abouzeid, Mandi Yahyazadeh, Laura Lewerenz, Maik Kleinwaechter, Melanie Nowak
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Abouzeid, Tahani Hijazin, Laura Lewerenz, Robert Haensch, Dirk Selmar
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Lewerenz, Tahani Hijazin, Sara Abouzeid, Robert Haensch, Dirk Selmar
Article
Agronomy
Tahani Hijazin, Alzahraa Radwan, Laura Lewerenz, Sara Abouzeid, Dirk Selmar
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahdi Yahyazadeh, Gerold Jerz, Peter Winterhalter, Dirk Selmar
Summary: Medicinal plants grown under stress conditions exhibit higher concentrations of specialized metabolites, potentially due to enhanced biosynthesis, although stress also reduces biomass gain. Study on Catharanthus roseus plants showed that alkaloid concentrations were markedly higher under drought stress, but overall alkaloid content per plant increased only in the first two weeks. High salt concentrations did not affect alkaloid concentrations but significantly decreased total alkaloid content, suggesting that both increased biosynthesis and reduced biomass contribute to stress-related concentration increase.
Review
Plant Sciences
Boas Pucker, Dirk Selmar
Summary: Flavonoids are a diverse group of specialized metabolites derived from phenylalanine in plants. While the biosynthesis and decoration steps of flavonoids are well characterized, the subcellular transport mechanisms and species-specific decoration steps are still not fully understood.
Review
Plant Sciences
Laura Lewerenz, Sara Abouzeid, Mahdi Yahyazadeh, Tahani Hijazin, Dirk Selmar
Summary: This article discusses the phenomenon of Horizontal Natural Product Transfer and its importance in understanding plant-plant interactions. It reveals that specialized metabolites, such as alkaloids and phenolic compounds, can be transferred from donor plants to acceptor plants. This finding contributes to our understanding of allelopathic effects and the evolution of plant interactions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Fardous F. El-Senduny, Abdullah A. Elgazar, Heba Allah Alwasify, Alaa Abed, Mohamed Foda, Sara Abouzeid, Laura Lewerenz, Dirk Selmar, Farid Badria
Summary: The modulation of biosynthetic pathways by stimulating stress-induced responses in plants has been proven to be an effective way to diversify known natural products. In this study, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on Vinca minor alkaloids distribution was investigated, and three compounds were successfully isolated and subjected to bioassays. The extracts and compounds showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, as well as potential wound healing effects through the TGF-beta pathway. The expression of markers related to this pathway and wound healing was assessed, and molecular docking provided insights into the binding ability of the compounds with different active sites in mTOR.
Article
Plant Sciences
Laura Lewerenz, Heinrich Heinrichs, Johann Hornbacher, Jutta Papenbrock, Binh Nguyen-Thanh, Dirk Selmar
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dirk Selmar
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dirk Selmar, Maik Kleinwaechter
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY AND FOOD QUALITY
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Graca Dias, Elsa Vasco, Francisco Ravasco, Lufsa Oliveira
Summary: This study estimated the vitamin D intake of "adults" and "elderly" populations in Portugal using the TDS methodology. The results showed that the majority of people had inadequate vitamin D intake, well below the Dietary Reference Values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Yong-Jiang Xu, Chin-Ping Tan, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: This study investigates the variations in lipid digestion profiles among individuals of different ages using in vitro digestion models. The findings suggest that adults have a more comprehensive lipid digestion compared to infants, and infants tend to release shorter chain length and more saturated free fatty acids during digestion. Additionally, the particle sizes in the stomach of the elderly were consistently larger. This study enhances our understanding of how lipids with different degrees of unsaturation undergo digestion in diverse age groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hyunjong Yu, Huisu Kim, Pahn-Shick Chang
Summary: Chitosan-pectin emulsion-filled hydrogel (EFH) was developed to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactive compounds through intestinal delivery. The EFH, prepared without crosslinking agents, demonstrated improved mechanical strength and compactness with higher pectin concentration. It retained the emulsion at pH 2.0 and released it at pH 7.4, resulting in enhanced release of free fatty acids and improved bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tongze Zhang, Siqi Hong, Jia-Rong Zhang, Pin-He Liu, Siyi Li, Zixian Wen, Jianwei Xiao, Guirong Zhang, Olivier Habimana, Nagendra P. Shah, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Lactic acid fermentation significantly affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch, including the formation of surface indentations and small pores, decrease in gelatinization temperatures, and changes in hardness and adhesiveness.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqin Kong, Feng Hong, Peng Luan, Yiping Chen, Yaoze Feng, Ming Zhu
Summary: This study presents a novel impedance biosensor using composite nanomaterials and T1R1 as a signal probe, which can competitively and ultra-sensitively detect umami intensity. The biosensor exhibits exceptional analytical performance and is suitable for food flavor evaluation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kunying Lv, Yixin Yang, Qilong Li, Ran Chen, Liang Deng, Yiwei Zhang, Ning Jiang
Summary: Horse's milk, with its high nutritional value and low allergenic proteins, could be a substitute for cow's milk in infant consumption. A proteomic method was used to identify and compare milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins from different horse breeds. The study found differences in protein composition and functionality, which could support the development of formulas more suitable for human infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrique Jacobo Diaz-Montana, Helene Brignot, Ramon Aparicio-Ruiz, Thierry Thomas- Danguin, Maria Teresa Morales
Summary: Sensory perception of virgin olive oil is influenced by phenols and volatiles, which are affected by the composition of the oil and biological factors. This study investigated the effect of saliva and phenols on the release of volatiles, and found that the presence of phenols decreased the release of saturated volatiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhen Cai, Fangfang Wu, Yong Hu, Chao Huang, Kun Hu, Yun Chen
Summary: Environmentally friendly and outstanding pH-responsive cationic starch nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared from pH-sensitive starch. CSNP exhibited nanosize and regular sphere, highly free-flowing molecular chains, and demonstrated excellent pH responsiveness through multiple emulsion/demulsification transitions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Koo, Vinayak Ghate, Weibiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that direct seeding may negatively affect the nutritional quality of crops, causing a decrease in ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and total glucosinolate content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tonghao Du, Yazhou Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Shijin Xiong, Linli Zhang, Biao Dong, Jinqing Huang, Tao Huang, Muyan Xiao, Tao Xiong, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study successfully improved the ACE inhibitory activity of black sesame seeds by fermenting them with Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and hydrolyzing them using acid protease. The RF-PSO model was used to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process. Eight peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates after separation and screening.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Liu, Songyi Lin, Kexin Liu, Shan Wang, Qiaozhen Liu, Na Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the structural changes of shrimp proteins during digestion, predicted the immunodominant epitopes, and validated their allergenicity. The results showed that shrimp proteins were degraded into peptides during digestion, but still carried IgE epitopes that trigger allergic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Fu, Hongwei Cao, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of milling on the active components in rice, with a focus on the stability and bioaccessibility of phenols, VB1, and alpha-GABA during cooking and digestion. The findings show that milling exacerbates the instability of gamma-GABA during cooking and VB1 during digestion, and it affects the bioaccessibility of these active compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Yang, Yanru Hou, Min Zhang, Puxin Hou, Chang Liu, Lu Dou, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Zhao, Lin Su, Ye Jin
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of feeding regimes on lamb flavor by using TMT labeling combined with MS. The results showed that pasture-fed groups had higher levels of amino acids and volatile flavor substances compared to concentrate-fed groups. Additionally, several differentially abundant proteins associated with lamb flavor were identified.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixuan Xie, De Zhang, Junyu Zhu, Qianqian Luo, Jun Liu, Jingtao Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Yuqiong Chen, Zhi Yu, Dejiang Ni
Summary: This study investigated the acidification of aroma-enhanced black tea during storage. Analysis of non-volatile substances and organic acids using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC revealed a decrease in soluble sugars and amino acids, while an increase in organic acids such as oxalic acid, malic acid, and quinic acid. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the acidification is a result of the decomposition of sugars and amino acids by heating, as well as the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, the study showed that the taste composition of tea infusion is altered, with reduced amino acids, catechins, soluble sugars, and flavonoids. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of black tea.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Wang, Falai Ma, Zihan Li, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study developed time-temperature integrators based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork. The results showed that the integrators were highly reliable and accurate in predicting the quality of chilled pork.
