Advances in Antiviral Therapies Targeting Toll-like Receptors

A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine candidate based on the fusion protein of PRRSV glycoprotein 5 and the Toll-like Receptor-5 agonist Salmonella Typhimurium FljB

(2015) Dan Xiong et al.   BMC Veterinary Research

Pyrimidine Triazole Thioether Derivatives as Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5)/Flagellin Complex Inhibitors

(2015) Lei Yan et al.   ChemMedChem

In silico mechanistic analysis of IRF3 inactivation and high-risk HPV E6 species-dependent drug response

(2015) Masaud Shah et al.   Scientific Reports

Specific activation of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer by small-molecule agonists

(2015) K. Cheng et al.   Science Advances

Novel drugs targeting Toll-like receptors for antiviral therapy

(2014) Mira C Patel et al.   Future Virology

TLR2 and TLR9 Synergistically Control Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in the Brain

(2014) L. N. Sorensen et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

CpG Oligonucleotides Enhance Proliferative and Effector Responses of B Cells in HIV-Infected Individuals

(2014) A. Malaspina et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The EBV-Encoded dUTPase Activates NF- B through the TLR2 and MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway

(2014) M.-E. Ariza et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

TLR Costimulation Causes Oxidative Stress with Unbalance of Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Production

(2014) R. Lavieri et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Recombinant TLR5 Agonist CBLB502 Promotes NK Cell-Mediated Anti-CMV Immunity in Mice

(2014) Mohammad S. Hossain et al.   PLoS One

Multiple Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Colorectal Cancer

(2014) Dhanusha Yesudhas et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9620, an oral Toll-like receptor 7 agonist

(2013) Uri Lopatin et al.   ANTIVIRAL THERAPY

GS-9620, an Oral Agonist of Toll-Like Receptor-7, Induces Prolonged Suppression of Hepatitis B Virus in Chronically Infected Chimpanzees

(2013) Robert E. Lanford et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

A TLR4-interacting SPA4 peptide inhibits LPS-induced lung inflammation

(2013) Vijay Ramani et al.   Innate Immunity

Effect of Eritoran, an Antagonist of MD2-TLR4, on Mortality in Patients With Severe Sepsis

(2013) Steven M. Opal et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Vaccinia virus protein K7 is a virulence factor that alters the acute immune response to infection

(2013) C. T. O. Benfield et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Toll-Like Receptors in Antiviral Innate Immunity

(2013) Sandra N. Lester et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Rotavirus NSP4 Triggers Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Macrophages via Toll-Like Receptor 2

(2013) Y. Ge et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Accessory Protein 4a Is a Type I Interferon Antagonist

(2013) D. Niemeyer et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel antagonist compounds of Toll-like receptors 7, 8 and 9

(2013) Ekambar R. Kandimalla et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

TLR7/TLR8 Activation Restores Defective Cytokine Secretion by Myeloid Dendritic Cells but Not by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Newborns

(2013) Elaine Cristina Cardoso et al.   PLoS One

Efficacy and safety of an intranasal virosomal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A in mice and cotton rats

(2013) Tobias Kamphuis et al.   VACCINE

A recombinant anchorless respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) protein/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) vaccine protects against RSV-induced replication and lung pathology

(2013) Jorge C.G. Blanco et al.   VACCINE

MERS-CoV papain-like protease has deISGylating and deubiquitinating activities

(2013) Anna M. Mielech et al.   VIROLOGY

Poxvirus Targeting of E3 Ligase β-TrCP by Molecular Mimicry: A Mechanism to Inhibit NF-κB Activation and Promote Immune Evasion and Virulence

(2013) Daniel S. Mansur et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a, ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists

(2013) Yang Yang et al.   Protein & Cell

Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the TLR1/TLR2 Complex

(2012) Kui Cheng et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides inhibit TLR3-mediated responses in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and in vivo in cynomolgus macaques

(2012) A. E. Skold et al.   BLOOD

R-848 triggers the expression of TLR7/8 and suppresses HIV replication in monocytes

(2012) Hua Nian et al.   BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES

θ-Defensins: Cyclic Peptides with Endless Potential: FIGURE 1.

(2012) Robert I. Lehrer et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

TLR3 deficiency renders astrocytes permissive to herpes simplex virus infection and facilitates establishment of CNS infection in mice

(2012) Line S. Reinert et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Cleavage of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 by Enterovirus 71 3C Suppresses Cellular Responses

(2012) Xiaobo Lei et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Intranasal Treatment with Poly(I{middle dot}C) Protects Aged Mice from Lethal Respiratory Virus Infections

(2012) J. Zhao et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins gH/gL and gB Bind Toll-Like Receptor 2, and Soluble gH/gL Is Sufficient To Activate NF- B

(2012) V. Leoni et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3C Protease Cleaves NEMO To Impair Innate Immune Signaling

(2012) D. Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Intranasal Administration of the TLR2 Agonist Pam2Cys Provides Rapid Protection against Influenza in Mice

(2012) Amabel C. L. Tan et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

Synergistic TLR2/6 and TLR9 Activation Protects Mice against Lethal Influenza Pneumonia

(2012) Michael J. Tuvim et al.   PLoS One

Coronavirus Papain-like Proteases Negatively Regulate Antiviral Innate Immune Response through Disruption of STING-Mediated Signaling

(2012) Li Sun et al.   PLoS One

Rhesus Macaque Theta Defensins Suppress Inflammatory Cytokines and Enhance Survival in Mouse Models of Bacteremic Sepsis

(2012) Justin B. Schaal et al.   PLoS One

Protective Role of Toll-like Receptor 3-Induced Type I Interferon in Murine Coronavirus Infection of Macrophages

(2012) Liudmila Mazaleuskaya et al.   Viruses-Basel

Age-Dependent TLR3 Expression of the Intestinal Epithelium Contributes to Rotavirus Susceptibility

(2012) Johanna Pott et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Randomised clinical trial: anti-viral activity of ANA773, an oral inducer of endogenous interferons acting via TLR7, in chronic HCV

(2011) J. F. Bergmann et al.   ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

FimH, a TLR4 ligand, induces innate antiviral responses in the lung leading to protection against lethal influenza infection in mice

(2011) Mohamed F. Abdul-Careem et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Potent immune activation in chronic hepatitis C patients upon administration of an oral inducer of endogenous interferons that acts via Toll-like receptor 7

(2011) Andre Boonstra et al.   ANTIVIRAL THERAPY

Use of modelling and simulation techniques to support decision making on the progression of PF-04878691, a TLR7 agonist being developed for hepatitis C

(2011) Hannah M. Jones et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

CD14 Controls the LPS-Induced Endocytosis of Toll-like Receptor 4

(2011) Ivan Zanoni et al.   CELL

The Innate Immune Response, Clinical Outcomes, and Ex Vivo HCV Antiviral Efficacy of a TLR7 Agonist (PF-4878691)

(2011) M D Fidock et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Recent clinical experience with vaccines using MPL- and QS-21-containing Adjuvant Systems

(2011) Nathalie Garçon et al.   Expert Review of Vaccines

Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Degrades Cellular Toll-Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain-containing Adaptor-inducing β-Interferon (TRIF)

(2011) Humera Ahmad et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces innate immune responses similar to a live viral vaccine in humans

(2011) Marina Caskey et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

A novel mechanism for the inhibition of interferon regulatory factor-3-dependent gene expression by human respiratory syncytial virus NS1 protein

(2011) J. Ren et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

The Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) targets and suppresses activation of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

(2011) Tali Lang et al.   JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Promote Host Defense against Acute Pneumovirus Infection via the TLR7-MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway

(2011) S. Davidson et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

How vaccinia virus has evolved to subvert the host immune response

(2011) Mohammad W. Bahar et al.   JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY

Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the TLR3/dsRNA Complex

(2011) Kui Cheng et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

The Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Antiviral Response Is Important for Protection against Poliovirus Infection in Poliovirus Receptor Transgenic Mice

(2011) Y. Abe et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cleavage of the Adaptor Protein TRIF by Enterovirus 71 3C Inhibits Antiviral Responses Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 3

(2011) X. Lei et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Role for B-cell adapter for PI3K (BCAP) as a signaling adapter linking Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to serine/threonine kinases PI3K/Akt

(2011) T. D. Troutman et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Induction of a potent immune response in the elderly using the TLR-5 agonist, flagellin, with a recombinant hemagglutinin influenza–flagellin fusion vaccine (VAX125, STF2.HA1 SI)

(2011) David N. Taylor et al.   VACCINE

Pattern Recognition Receptors and the Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection

(2011) Mikayla R. Thompson et al.   Viruses-Basel

Disruption of TLR3 Signaling Due to Cleavage of TRIF by the Hepatitis A Virus Protease-Polymerase Processing Intermediate, 3CD

(2011) Lin Qu et al.   PLoS Pathogens

The pharmacokinetics of Toll-like receptor agonists and the impact on the immune system

(2011) Abbi L Engel et al.   Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

Discovery of a novel TLR2 signaling inhibitor with anti-viral activity

(2010) Shenghua Zhou et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Recent insights into the role of Toll-like receptors in viral infection

(2010) M. Carty et al.   CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY

New insights for development of a safe and protective RSV vaccine

(2010) Jorge C. G. Blanco et al.   Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

Inhibition of homodimerization of Toll-like receptor 4 by 4-oxo-4-(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester

(2010) Se-Jeong Park et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Immunity by formulation design: Induction of high CD8+ T-cell responses by poly(I:C) incorporated into the CAF01 adjuvant via a double emulsion method

(2010) Pernille Nordly et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Interferon-α suppressed granulocyte colony stimulating factor production is reversed by CL097, a TLR7/8 agonist

(2010) Tariq Tajuddin et al.   JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

Cutting Edge: Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Boosts the Generation of Memory CD8 T Cells through Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein 5 Expressed in Stromal Cells

(2010) Y. Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Herpes Simplex Virus Immediate-Early ICP0 Protein Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Inflammatory Responses and NF-κB Signaling

(2010) Allison L. van Lint et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A novel antagonist of TLR9 blocking all classes of immunostimulatory CpG-ODNs

(2010) Yan Li et al.   VACCINE

TLR-based immune adjuvants

(2010) Folkert Steinhagen et al.   VACCINE

Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Blocks Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling via Interaction with DDX3: Implications for Immune Evasion

(2010) Haifeng Wang et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Toll-like receptors and innate immunity

(2009) Himanshu Kumar et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Antiviral Role of Toll-Like Receptor-3 Agonists Against Seasonal and Avian Influenza Viruses

(2009) J. Wong et al.   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

The antiviral activity of toll-like receptor 7 and 7/8 agonists

(2009) R.L. Miller et al.   DRUG NEWS & PERSPECTIVES

Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing

(2009) Terrence Town et al.   IMMUNITY

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–encoded small RNA is released from EBV-infected cells and activates signaling from toll-like receptor 3

(2009) Dai Iwakiri et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Toll-like receptor 7-induced immune response to cutaneous West Nile virus infection

(2009) T. Welte et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Hantaan Virus Triggers TLR3-Dependent Innate Immune Responses

(2009) W. Handke et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Viral Interferon Regulatory Factors

(2009) Hye-Ra Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

Activation of Interferon Response Through Toll-Like Receptor 3 Impacts Viral Pathogenesis and Pulmonary Toll-Like Receptor Expression During Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Infections in the Cotton Rat Sigmodon hispidus Model

(2009) Marina S. Boukhvalova et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Mediates Establishment of an Antiviral State against Hepatitis C Virus in Hepatoma Cells

(2009) N. Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Interaction between Ebola Virus Glycoprotein and Host Toll-Like Receptor 4 Leads to Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines and SOCS1

(2009) A. Okumura et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Novel signaling interactions between proteinase-activated receptor 2 and Toll-like receptors in vitro and in vivo

(2009) Q M Nhu et al.   Mucosal Immunology

Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor–mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1

(2009) Angela Meier et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis

(2009) Stanley Perlman et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling on Macrophages Is Required for Survival Following Coxsackievirus B4 Infection

(2009) Martin J. Richer et al.   PLoS One

A Novel Liposome-Based Adjuvant CAF01 for Induction of CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTL) to HIV-1 Minimal CTL Peptides in HLA-A*0201 Transgenic Mice

(2009) Gregers Jacob Gram et al.   PLoS One

A TLR3 ligand that exhibits potent inhibition of influenza virus replication and has strong adjuvant activity has the potential for dual applications in an influenza pandemic

(2009) Yuk-Fai Lau et al.   VACCINE

FSL-1, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection

(2009) William A Rose et al.   Virology Journal

TLR3: Interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C)☆

(2008) M MATSUMOTO et al.   ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS

Identification of Oxidative Stress and Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling as a Key Pathway of Acute Lung Injury

(2008) Yumiko Imai et al.   CELL

Human TLR3 recognizes dengue virus and modulates viral replicationin vitro

(2008) Yi-Ting Tsai et al.   CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY

A novel TLR4-binding peptide that inhibits LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and in vivo toxicity

(2008) Kei-ichi Sugiyama et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Select Paramyxoviral V Proteins Inhibit IRF3 Activation by Acting as Alternative Substrates for Inhibitor of κB Kinase ϵ (IKKe)/TBK1

(2008) Lenette L. Lu et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Survival of lethal poxvirus infection in mice depends on TLR9, and therapeutic vaccination provides protection

(2008) Christofer Samuelsson et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid–inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5

(2008) Hiroki Kato et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Measles Virus V Protein Is a Decoy Substrate for I B Kinase   and Prevents Toll-Like Receptor 7/9-Mediated Interferon Induction

(2008) C. K. Pfaller et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activates Innate Immunity through Toll-Like Receptor 2

(2008) M. R. Murawski et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Has a Protective Role against West Nile Virus Infection

(2008) S. Daffis et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides Can Inhibit Cytokine Production Induced by Human Toll-Like Receptor 3

(2008) C. T. Ranjith-Kumar et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY

The microbial mimic poly IC induces durable and protective CD4+ T cell immunity together with a dendritic cell targeted vaccine

(2008) C. Trumpfheller et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

HIV-1 accessory proteins VPR and Vif modulate antiviral response by targeting IRF-3 for degradation

(2007) Atsushi Okumura et al.   VIROLOGY