Review
Immunology
Qi Ke, Ashley Nicole Greenawalt, Veera Manukonda, Xingqi Ji, Roland Michael Tisch
Summary: Inflammasome molecules are receptors that trigger proinflammatory responses against microbial infections. Dysregulation of inflammasome activity has been associated with chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Inflammasome activation affects both innate and adaptive immune effectors as well as resident cells in target tissues, contributing to autoimmune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Brett E. Phillips, Yesica Garciafigueroa, Carl Engman, Wen Liu, Yiwei Wang, Robert J. Lakomy, Wilson S. Meng, Massimo Trucco, Nick Giannoukakis
Summary: The study demonstrated that using the RA + TGF beta 1 microparticle formulation could effectively prevent hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic mice with mid-stage active islet-selective autoimmunity. The preventive effects did not seem to be mediated by increased numbers of regulatory T-lymphocytes inside the pancreatic lymph nodes, but rather by a mild increase in the frequency of regulatory B-lymphocytes inside the mesenteric lymph nodes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Elena Gianchecchi, Domenico V. Delfino, Alessandra Fierabracci
Summary: Autoimmune diseases have a multifactorial pathogenesis and the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells has been highlighted in shaping immune responses. Aberrant number and functionality of NK cells have been reported in various autoimmune disorders, indicating their potential as markers for disease activity and therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jeffrey A. Bluestone, Brent S. McKenzie, Joshua Beilke, Fred Ramsdell
Summary: Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing various immune-related diseases. They are able to develop in both the thymus and peripheral tissues through the expression of a transcription factor called FOXP3. Treg cells exert their tolerogenic effects by using multiple mechanisms, such as producing inhibitory cytokines, suppressing T effector cells, and modulating antigen-presenting cell function. Recently, there has been a focus on genetically engineering Treg cells to enhance their therapeutic potential, leading to ongoing clinical trials. This review highlights the advancements and challenges in harnessing Treg cells as a new approach for treating diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Daniel A. Zlotoff, Malek Z. O. Hassan, Amna Zafar, Raza M. Alvi, Magid Awadalla, Syed S. Mahmood, Lili Zhang, Carol L. Chen, Stephane Ederhy, Ana Barac, Dahlia Banerji, Maeve Jones-O'Connor, Sean P. Murphy, Merna Armanious, Brian J. Forrestal, Michael C. Kirchberger, Otavio R. Coelho-Filho, Muhammad A. Rizvi, Gagan Sahni, Anant Mandawat, Carlo G. Tocchetti, Sarah Hartmann, Hannah K. Gilman, Eduardo Zatarain-Nicolas, Michael Mahmoudi, Dipti Gupta, Ryan Sullivan, Sarju Ganatra, Eric H. Yang, Lucie M. Heinzerling, Franck Thuny, Leyre Zubiri, Kerry L. Reynolds, Justine Cohen, Alexander R. Lyon, John Groarke, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Anju Nohria, Michael G. Fradley, Tomas G. Neilan
Summary: In ICI myocarditis, the QRS duration is prolonged and associated with increased MACE risk, while there is no association between the QTc interval and MACE.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sabrina Ceeraz, Charlotte R. Thompson, Richard Beatson, Ernest H. Choy
Summary: T regulatory cell therapy offers a new approach for treating autoimmune diseases and transplantation. CD8(+) Treg cells, particularly the CD8(+)CD28(-) subset, have been shown to be effective in preclinical models, although their impaired functionality in disease limits their effectiveness in immunosuppression. The review focuses on harnessing CD8(+) Treg cell therapy in clinical settings to aid current treatments for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
Review
Immunology
Michelle F. Huffaker, Srinath Sanda, Sindhu Chandran, Sharon A. Chung, E. William St Clair, Gerald T. Nepom, Dawn E. Smilek
Summary: The article reviews concepts evolved from the clinical trial experience of the Immune Tolerance Network, focusing on lessons learned from innovative mechanistic studies and new strategies for tolerance induction.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jared Ostmeyer, Jason Y. Park, Mitchell S. von Itzstein, David Hsiehchen, Farjana Fattah, Mary Gwin, Rodrigo Catalan, Shaheen Khan, Prithvi Raj, Edward K. Wakeland, Yang Xie, David E. Gerber
Summary: The baseline T-cell tolerant fraction may serve as a predictor of clinically significant immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathan T. Mortimer, Mary L. Fischer, Ashley L. Waring, K. R. Pooja, Balint Z. Kacsoh, Susanna E. Brantley, Erin S. Keebaugh, Joshua Hill, Chris Lark, Julia Martin, Pravleen Bains, Jonathan Lee, Alysia D. Vrailas-Mortimer, Todd A. Schlenke
Summary: In order to combat infections, hosts must differentiate pathogens from their own tissues and maintain the stability of their immune system. Research has found that aberrant autoimmunity in Drosophila is caused by two gene mutations, providing insights into the understanding of self-recognition systems in animals.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Hanna Grasshoff, Sara Comduehr, Luisa R. Monne, Antje Mueller, Peter Lamprecht, Gabriela Riemekasten, Jens Y. Humrich
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for maintaining peripheral tolerance and controlling inflammation and autoimmunity, with the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) playing a key role in their growth and survival. Many autoimmune and rheumatic diseases show disruptions in Treg biology, leading to an imbalance between protective and pathogenic immune cells. Low-dose IL-2 therapy aims to restore physiological balance by compensating for IL-2 deficiency and strengthening the Treg population to counteract inflammation effectively.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting-Ting Sheu, Bor-Luen Chiang
Summary: This review discusses the critical role of immune homeostasis in defending against pathogens and preventing self-reactivity, as well as how defects in this system can lead to autoimmune diseases. It emphasizes the significance of lymphopenia and lymphopenia-induced proliferation in normal and autoimmune conditions, highlighting their importance in autoimmune diseases. The review also underscores the crucial role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune conditions, positioning them as key therapeutic targets for autoimmunity treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Adriana del Rey, Hugo Besedovsky
Summary: This article discusses the interactions between the immune system and the sympathetic nervous system and their importance in immune system regulation. Through experimental results and analysis, the article suggests that other neuro-endocrine inputs should be considered when interpreting immunoregulatory effects. The article provides theories and perspectives to reconsider some concepts and terminology in immunology.
NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Laura Barnabei, Emmanuel Laplantine, William Mbongo, Frederic Rieux-Laucat, Robert Weil
Summary: NF-kappa B transcription factor plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions, serving as a key mediator of immune homeostasis. It is involved in central and peripheral tolerance, as well as the inactivation and destruction of autoreactive immune cells, contributing to immune tolerance. Furthermore, NF-kappa B plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and has informed new therapeutic approaches for treating these conditions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Anne M. M. Hocking, Jane H. H. Buckner
Summary: Genetic variants associated with autoimmune disease susceptibility have provided insights into the mechanisms of immune tolerance failure and subsequent disease onset. Shared variants contribute to a better understanding of global tolerance failure, while disease-specific variants play a role in disease-specific immunopathology. Current research is focused on studying variants in non-coding regions to investigate their impact on gene expression regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Yuan Rui, Haleigh B. B. Eppler, Alexis A. A. Yanes, Christopher M. M. Jewell
Summary: During autoimmunity or organ transplant rejection, the immune system attacks host or transplanted tissue, causing inflammation. Recent advances in vaccine-based antigen-specific therapies offer promising opportunities for treating autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Precision and combinatorial delivery of antigens, cytokines, small molecule drugs, and immunomodulators can be facilitated by biomaterial technologies.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)