The gut–brain axis: Identifying new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related disorders

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

(2021) John P.H. Wilding et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate different dose‐escalation regimens

(2020) Juan Pablo Frias et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Feeding-dependent VIP neuron–ILC3 circuit regulates the intestinal barrier

(2020) Jhimmy Talbot et al.   NATURE

High-Resolution mRNA and Secretome Atlas of Human Enteroendocrine Cells

(2020) Joep Beumer et al.   CELL

An Airway Protection Program Revealed by Sweeping Genetic Control of Vagal Afferents

(2020) Sara L. Prescott et al.   CELL

Selective stimulation of colonic L cells improves metabolic outcomes in mice

(2020) Jo E. Lewis et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

The gut–brain axis mediates sugar preference

(2020) Hwei-Ee Tan et al.   NATURE

Microbiota modulate sympathetic neurons via a gut–brain circuit

(2020) Paul A. Muller et al.   NATURE

The Human and Mouse Enteric Nervous System at Single-Cell Resolution

(2020) Eugene Drokhlyansky et al.   CELL

The altered enteroendocrine reportoire following roux-en-Y-gastric bypass as an effector of weight loss and improved glycaemic control

(2020) R Charlotte Moffett et al.   APPETITE

Function and mechanisms of enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones in metabolism

(2019) Fiona M. Gribble et al.   Nature Reviews Endocrinology

A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota

(2019) Alexandre Almeida et al.   NATURE

Gut intraepithelial T cells calibrate metabolism and accelerate cardiovascular disease

(2019) Shun He et al.   NATURE

Effect of Additional Oral Semaglutide vs Sitagliptin on Glycated Hemoglobin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With Metformin Alone or With Sulfonylurea

(2019) Julio Rosenstock et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Postprandial Nutrient Handling and Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy

(2019) Maria S. Svane et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Comparison of Human and Murine Enteroendocrine Cells by Transcriptomic and Peptidomic Profiling

(2019) Geoffrey P. Roberts et al.   DIABETES

Distributions and relationships of chemically defined enteroendocrine cells in the rat gastric mucosa

(2019) Billie Hunne et al.   CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH

An Atlas of Vagal Sensory Neurons and Their Molecular Specialization

(2019) Jussi Kupari et al.   Cell Reports

Intra- and Inter-cellular Rewiring of the Human Colon during Ulcerative Colitis

(2019) Christopher S. Smillie et al.   CELL

Human Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice

(2019) Gil Sharon et al.   CELL

PIONEER 1: Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Monotherapy in Comparison With Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

(2019) Vanita R. Aroda et al.   DIABETES CARE

Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial

(2019) Richard Pratley et al.   LANCET

Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

(2019) Hertzel C Gerstein et al.   LANCET

The incretin system in healthy humans: The role of GIP and GLP-1

(2019) Jens Juul Holst   METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL

Distinct Neural Sites of GLP-1R Expression Mediate Physiological versus Pharmacological Control of Incretin Action

(2019) Elodie M. Varin et al.   Cell Reports

Paracrine Crosstalk between Intestinal L- and D-cells Controls Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in mice

(2019) Sara L. Jepsen et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Gut-Proglucagon-Derived Peptides Are Essential for Regulating Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

(2019) Youngmi Song et al.   Cell Metabolism

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor-Expressing Cells in the Hypothalamus Regulate Food Intake

(2019) Alice E. Adriaenssens et al.   Cell Metabolism

Genetic Identification of Vagal Sensory Neurons That Control Feeding

(2019) Ling Bai et al.   CELL

Transcriptional Atlas of Intestinal Immune Cells Reveals that Neuropeptide α-CGRP Modulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses

(2019) Heping Xu et al.   IMMUNITY

Single cell transcriptomic profiling of large intestinal enteroendocrine cells in mice – Identification of selective stimuli for insulin-like peptide-5 and glucagon-like peptide-1 co-expressing cells

(2019) Lawrence J. Billing et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Projected U.S. State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity

(2019) Zachary J. Ward et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Roles for gut vagal sensory signals in determining energy availability and energy expenditure

(2018) Gary J. Schwartz   BRAIN RESEARCH

Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Application of Glucagon-like Peptide-1

(2018) Daniel J. Drucker   Cell Metabolism

MEDI0382, a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in obese or overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, ascending dose and phase 2a study

(2018) Philip Ambery et al.   LANCET

Enteroendocrine cells switch hormone expression along the crypt-to-villus BMP signalling gradient

(2018) Joep Beumer et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Current understanding of the human microbiome

(2018) Jack A Gilbert et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Bile acids are important direct and indirect regulators of the secretion of appetite- and metabolism-regulating hormones from the gut and pancreas

(2018) Rune E. Kuhre et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Mechanistic insights into the detection of free fatty and bile acids by ileal glucagon-like peptide-1 secreting cells

(2018) Deborah A. Goldspink et al.   Molecular Metabolism

A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward

(2018) Wenfei Han et al.   CELL

Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System

(2018) Amit Zeisel et al.   CELL

Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptors Modulate Food Intake

(2018) Giuseppe D'Agostino et al.   Cell Metabolism

A novel dual glucagon-like peptide and glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899: Results of randomized, placebo-controlled first-in-human and first-in-patient trials

(2018) Joachim Tillner et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Efficacy and safety of semaglutide compared with liraglutide and placebo for weight loss in patients with obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 trial

(2018) Patrick M O'Neil et al.   LANCET

The metabolic role of vagal afferent innervation

(2018) T. M. Zaved Waise et al.   Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction

(2018) Melanie Maya Kaelberer et al.   SCIENCE

Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled and active comparator-controlled phase 2 trial

(2018) Juan Pablo Frias et al.   LANCET

Obesity, diabetes, and the gut microbiome: an updated review

(2018) Tahli Singer-Englar et al.   Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Enteric Network: Interactions between the Immune and Nervous Systems of the Gut

(2017) Bryan B. Yoo et al.   IMMUNITY

The Effect of a Subcutaneous Infusion of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY on Energy Intake and Expenditure in Obese Volunteers

(2017) Tricia Tan et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Gq and Gs signaling acting in synergy to control GLP-1 secretion

(2017) Maria Hauge et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Anterograde monosynaptic transneuronal tracers derived from herpes simplex virus 1 strain H129

(2017) Wen-Bo Zeng et al.   Molecular Neurodegeneration

Enteroendocrine cells-sensory sentinels of the intestinal environment and orchestrators of mucosal immunity

(2017) J J Worthington et al.   Mucosal Immunology

A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium

(2017) Adam L. Haber et al.   NATURE

The neuropeptide NMU amplifies ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation

(2017) Antonia Wallrapp et al.   NATURE

The neuropeptide neuromedin U stimulates innate lymphoid cells and type 2 inflammation

(2017) Christoph S. N. Klose et al.   NATURE

GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligand

(2017) Linda Yang et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

A tale of two circuits: CCK NTS neuron stimulation controls appetite and induces opposing motivational states by projections to distinct brain regions

(2017) Carolyn W. Roman et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes — 5-Year Outcomes

(2017) Philip R. Schauer et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A Meta-Analysis of GLP-1 After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass: Impact of Surgical Technique and Measurement Strategy

(2017) Pichamol Jirapinyo et al.   OBESITY SURGERY

Enteroendocrine L Cells Sense LPS after Gut Barrier Injury to Enhance GLP-1 Secretion

(2017) Lorène J. Lebrun et al.   Cell Reports

Na v 1.8 neurons are involved in limiting acute phase responses to dietary fat

(2017) Swalpa Udit et al.   Molecular Metabolism

A comparative strategy for single-nucleus and single-cell transcriptomes confirms accuracy in predicted cell-type expression from nuclear RNA

(2017) Blue B. Lake et al.   Scientific Reports

Sensory Neurons that Detect Stretch and Nutrients in the Digestive System

(2016) Erika K. Williams et al.   CELL

Effects of Gut Microbiota Manipulation by Antibiotics on Host Metabolism in Obese Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

(2016) Dorien Reijnders et al.   Cell Metabolism

Robust anti-obesity and metabolic effects of a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor peptide agonist in rodents and non-human primates

(2016) S. J. Henderson et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Weight management in obesity - past and present

(2016) D. Haslam   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

Evolving Concepts and Translational Relevance of Enteroendocrine Cell Biology

(2016) Daniel J. Drucker   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Role of enteroendocrine L-cells in arginine vasopressin-mediated inhibition of colonic anion secretion

(2016) Ramona Pais et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON

Engineered human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived intestinal tissues with a functional enteric nervous system

(2016) Michael J Workman et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Endogenous Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius is Required for Food Intake Control

(2016) Amber L Alhadeff et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The effect of bariatric surgery on gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones

(2016) Claire L Meek et al.   PEPTIDES

Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease

(2016) Claire L. Boulangé et al.   Genome Medicine

Postoral Glucose Sensing, Not Caloric Content, Determines Sugar Reward in C57BL/6J Mice

(2015) Anthony Sclafani et al.   CHEMICAL SENSES

GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R

(2015) Bernardo Yusta et al.   DIABETES

GPR40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: life after ‘TAKing’ a hit

(2015) A. D. Mancini et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

G protein-coupled receptors as new therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes

(2015) Frank Reimann et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Bile Acids Trigger GLP-1 Release Predominantly by Accessing Basolaterally Located G Protein–Coupled Bile Acid Receptors

(2015) Cheryl A. Brighton et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Transcriptional and Functional Characterization of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Repertoire of Gastric Somatostatin Cells

(2015) Kristoffer L. Egerod et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Gut chemosensing mechanisms

(2015) Arianna Psichas et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Updates in weight loss surgery and gastrointestinal peptides

(2015) Maria Saur Svane et al.   Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity

Ghrelin

(2015) T.D. Müller et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Effects of PYY3–36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expenditure, and appetite in overweight men

(2014) Julie Berg Schmidt et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM

Central Neural Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure

(2014) Shaun F. Morrison et al.   Cell Metabolism

Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose-Stimulated GLP-1 Secretion From Perfused Rat Small Intestine

(2014) Rune E. Kuhre et al.   DIABETES

Coinfusion of Low-Dose GLP-1 and Glucagon in Man Results in a Reduction in Food Intake

(2014) Jaimini Cegla et al.   DIABETES

The gut-brain axis rewired: adding a functional vagal nicotinic “sensory synapse”

(2014) Azucena Perez-Burgos et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Sucrose-conditioned flavor preferences in sweet ageusic T1r3 and Calhm1 knockout mice

(2014) Anthony Sclafani et al.   PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR

Insulin-like peptide 5 is an orexigenic gastrointestinal hormone

(2014) J. Grosse et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Population of sensory neurons essential for asthmatic hyperreactivity of inflamed airways

(2014) D. Trankner et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Mammalian gut immunity

(2014) Matam Vijay-Kumar et al.   Biomedical Journal

Pharmacology, Physiology, and Mechanisms of Incretin Hormone Action

(2013) Jonathan E. Campbell et al.   Cell Metabolism

Identification and Characterization of GLP-1 Receptor-Expressing Cells Using a New Transgenic Mouse Model

(2013) P. Richards et al.   DIABETES

Activation of GPR40 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

(2013) C. F. Burant   DIABETES CARE

Oligopeptides stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in mice through proton-coupled uptake and the calcium-sensing receptor

(2013) Eleftheria Diakogiannaki et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

The gut as a sensory organ

(2013) John B. Furness et al.   Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Amylin and GLP-1 target different populations of area postrema neurons that are both modulated by nutrient stimuli

(2013) Daniela Züger et al.   PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR

Gut–brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression

(2013) Jane A. Foster et al.   TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES

Effects of fat, protein, and carbohydrate and protein load on appetite, plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin, and energy intake in lean and obese men

(2012) Ixchel M. Brennan et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY

Coadministration of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 During Glucagon Infusion in Humans Results in Increased Energy Expenditure and Amelioration of Hyperglycemia

(2012) T. M. Tan et al.   DIABETES

A Major Lineage of Enteroendocrine Cells Coexpress CCK, Secretin, GIP, GLP-1, PYY, and Neurotensin but Not Somatostatin

(2012) Kristoffer L. Egerod et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Overlap of Endocrine Hormone Expression in the Mouse Intestine Revealed by Transcriptional Profiling and Flow Cytometry

(2012) Abdella M. Habib et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

The enteric nervous system and neurogastroenterology

(2012) John B. Furness   Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

GPR119 as a fat sensor

(2012) Harald S. Hansen et al.   TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES

The Gut Hormones PYY3-36 and GLP-17-36 amide Reduce Food Intake and Modulate Brain Activity in Appetite Centers in Humans

(2011) Akila De Silva et al.   Cell Metabolism

Duodenal PKC-  and Cholecystokinin Signaling Axis Regulates Glucose Production

(2011) D. M. Breen et al.   DIABETES

The Bile Acid Membrane Receptor TGR5: A Valuable Metabolic Target

(2011) Thijs W.H. Pols et al.   DIGESTIVE DISEASES

A Cre-Dependent, Anterograde Transsynaptic Viral Tracer for Mapping Output Pathways of Genetically Marked Neurons

(2011) Liching Lo et al.   NEURON

Preproglucagon neurons project widely to autonomic control areas in the mouse brain

(2011) I.J. Llewellyn-Smith et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Vagal afferent innervation of the proximal gastrointestinal tract mucosa: Chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor architecture

(2010) Terry L. Powley et al.   JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY

A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing

(2010) Junjie Qin et al.   NATURE

Ghrelin secretion stimulated by  1-adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice

(2010) T.-J. Zhao et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/Glucagon Receptor Dual Agonism Reverses Obesity in Mice

(2009) A. Pocai et al.   DIABETES

GPR119 Is Essential for Oleoylethanolamide-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion From the Intestinal Enteroendocrine L-Cell

(2009) L. M. Lauffer et al.   DIABETES

A new glucagon and GLP-1 co-agonist eliminates obesity in rodents

(2009) Jonathan W Day et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Neuroendocrine Control of the Gut During Stress: Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling Pathways in the Spotlight

(2008) Andreas Stengel et al.   Annual Review of Physiology

A Gut Feeling for Obesity: 7TM Sensors on Enteroendocrine Cells

(2008) Maja S. Engelstoft et al.   Cell Metabolism

Glucose Sensing in L Cells: A Primary Cell Study

(2008) Frank Reimann et al.   Cell Metabolism

Nutrient-dependent secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide from primary murine K cells

(2008) H. E. Parker et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Caudal Brainstem Processing Is Sufficient for Behavioral, Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic Responses Driven by Peripheral and Hindbrain Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Receptor Stimulation

(2008) Matthew R. Hayes et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Intrameal Hepatic Portal and Intraperitoneal Infusions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Reduce Spontaneous Meal Size in the Rat via Different Mechanisms

(2008) Elisabeth B. Rüttimann et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY