Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Cleber Improta-Caria, Marcela Gordilho Aras, Luca Nascimento, Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa, Roque Aras-Junior, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
Summary: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene and protein expression, playing important roles in various cellular processes. In diseases such as hypertension, microRNAs are involved in regulating physiological processes, but the specific mechanisms need further study.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ailsa F. Ralph, Celine Grenier, Hannah M. Costello, Kevin Stewart, Jessica R. Ivy, Neeraj Dhaun, Matthew A. Bailey
Summary: High salt intake leads to hypertension, affecting renal and vascular function in C57BL6/J mice, with a rapid increase in blood pressure observed in male mice within 4 days of dietary switch. The high-salt diet also increases renal artery sensitivity and urinary excretion of adrenaline in these mice.
Review
Physiology
Vinicius Schiavinatto Mariano, Patricia Aline Boer, Jose Antonio Rocha Gontijo
Summary: The research suggests that low birth weight may be linked to environmental disruption during gestation, with animal models illustrating the mechanism of arterial hypertension caused by dietary disturbance. Additionally, functional studies indicate that maternal low-protein intake leads to renal dysfunction, ultimately increasing blood pressure.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lucas Lauder, Michael Boehm, Felix Mahfoud
Summary: Despite the availability of various device-based therapies for lowering blood pressure, catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) is the most extensively researched approach. Recent placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of radiofrequency and ultrasound-based RDN in lowering blood pressure in patients, with good safety profile. However, there are still unresolved issues to be addressed.
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Melanie Dani, Patricia Taraborrelli, Dimitrios Panagopoulos, Andreas Dirksen, Miriam Torocastro, Richard Sutton, Phang Boon Lim
Summary: This article discusses the baroreflex mechanism in blood pressure regulation in older people, as well as the physiological and pathological reasons for its impairment. Additionally, it explores the causes of orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in older individuals, along with strategies for managing these conditions.
Article
Physiology
Gabriela Roncato, Fabricio Farias da Fontoura, Fernanda Brum Spilimbergo, Gisela Martina Bohns Meyer, Guilherme Watte, Walter Oliveira de Vargas, Karina Rabello Casali, Danilo Cortozi Berton, Katya Rigatto
Summary: The study indicates that parasympathetic regulation plays a crucial role in improving the functional capacity of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, supported by multiple correlations between parasympathetic modulation and functional capacity parameters.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jing-Jing Zhou, Jian-Ying Shao, Shao-Rui Chen, De-Pei Li, Hui-Lin Pan
Summary: The study reveals that chronic stress-induced persistent hypertension is mediated by enhanced sympathetic outflow via alpha 2 delta-1-bound NMDARs in the paraventricular nucleus. This provides a cellular and molecular basis for understanding how genetic and environmental factors interact to cause persistent hypertension.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marlusa Karlen-Amarante, I. P. Isabela, Pedro L. Katayama, Eduardo Colombari, Paloma G. Bittencourt-Silva, Miguel F. Menezes, D. B. Zoccal
Summary: Exposure to postnatal chronic intermittent hypoxia (pCIH) increases the risk of developing cardiorespiratory diseases in adulthood. This study found that pCIH led to elevated arterial pressure levels and increased sympathetic-mediated variability in early adult life. The excessive sympathetic activity persisted until adulthood and contributed to the development of high blood pressure and variability, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Revathy Carnagarin, Marcio G. Kiuchi, Gerard Goh, Leon Adams, Neale Cohen, Helen Kavnoudias, Seng K. Gan, Greg Van Schie, Murray D. Esler, Vance B. Matthews, Markus P. Schlaich
Summary: Sympathetic overdrive plays a crucial role in disrupting cardiometabolic homeostasis. Current pharmacological approaches may have limitations, leading to a clinical need for complementary therapies such as interventional sympathetic neuromodulation. Modulating multiorgan sympathetic activity could offer a holistic approach to managing cardiometabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhao-Fu Sheng, Hua Zhang, PeiRu Zheng, Shanyan Chen, Zezong Gu, Jing-Jing Zhou, Jeffery G. Phaup, Hui-Ming Chang, Edward T. H. Yeh, Hui-Lin Pan, De-Pei Li
Summary: This study found that decreased Kv7 channel activity in the central amygdala (CeA) contributes to heightened sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This novel information provides new mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Yusuke Sata, Sandra L. Burke, Nina Eikelis, Anna M. D. Watson, Cindy Gueguen, Kristy L. Jackson, Gavin W. Lambert, Kyungjoon Lim, Kate M. Denton, Markus P. Schlaich, Geoffrey A. Head
Summary: Renal denervation, whether total or afferent, can effectively reduce hypertension and sympathetic activity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rabbits, suggesting that renal afferents play a significant role in driving elevated blood pressure in this model.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Baojian Xue, Alan Kim Johnson
Summary: Hypertension affects over 1 billion individuals worldwide, and the cause is largely unknown. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity is common in hypertensive patients, but the root cause is still unclear. Recent research has found that the neural network controlling sympathetic drive becomes more reactive after exposure to mild challenges, leading to a sensitized hypertensive response. Plasticity in the neural network and the involvement of various factors are necessary for the induction and maintenance of this state. This review discusses the induction and expression of this sensitized hypertensive response in adult animals and the offspring of mothers with prenatal obesity/overnutrition or maternal gestational hypertension, as well as interventions to reverse the effects of stressor-induced sensitization.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuhong Wang, Wanli Jiang, Hu Chen, Huixin Zhou, Zhihao Liu, Zihan Liu, Zhihao Liu, Yuyang Zhou, Xiaoya Zhou, Lilei Yu, Hong Jiang
Summary: Circadian disruption may facilitate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activating the sympathetic nervous system, leading to reduced cardiac function, increased left ventricular volume, and exacerbated cardiac fibrosis. Modulating sympathetic activity through designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs technique can alleviate the disruption-related cardiac dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Felix Mahfoud, Markus P. Schlaich, Melvin D. Lobo
Summary: Efforts to improve blood pressure control have shifted towards interventional therapies targeting the sympathetic nervous system, with renal denervation being the most mature technology. Other emerging technologies like baroreflex activation therapy require more human data support. Central nervous system control of circulation remains poorly understood yet vital component, with deep brain stimulation of key cardiovascular control territories showing promise for blood pressure control. Technology targeting hemodynamics of circulation may also be worth exploring for patients with less relevant sympathetic drive to hypertension perpetuation.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shohei Yamaguchi, Yuzumi Hayasaka, Miho Suzuki, Wenhao Wang, Masahiro Koyama, Yasuko Nagasaka, Kozo Nakamura
Summary: This study demonstrates that low-dose orally administered ACh can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by acting on gastrointestinal M3 muscarinic ACh receptors to increase afferent vagal nerve activity, resulting in decreased sympathetic nervous activity and noradrenaline release.
Article
Anesthesiology
K. K. Ida, K. I. Chisholm, L. M. S. Malbouisson, D. B. Papkovsky, A. Dyson, M. Singer, M. R. Duchen, K. J. Smith
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2018)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Joanna M. Wardlaw, Helene Benveniste, Maiken Nedergaard, Berislav V. Zlokovic, Humberto Mestre, Hedok Lee, Fergus N. Doubal, Rosalind Brown, Joel Ramirez, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Allen Tannenbaum, Lucia Ballerini, Ravi L. Rungta, Davide Boido, Melanie Sweeney, Axel Montagne, Serge Charpak, Anne Joutel, Kenneth J. Smith, Sandra E. Black
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roshni A. Desai, Andrew L. Davies, Natalie Del Rossi, Mohamed Tachrount, Alex Dyson, Britta Gustavson, Pardis Kaynezhad, Lewis Mackenzie, Marieke A. van der Putten, Daniel McElroy, Dimitra Schiza, Christopher Linington, Mervyn Singer, Andrew R. Harvey, Ilias Tachtsidis, Xavier Golay, Kenneth J. Smith
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Licht-Mayer, Graham R. Campbell, Marco Canizares, Arpan R. Mehta, Angus B. Gane, Katie McGill, Aniket Ghosh, Alexander Fullerton, Niels Menezes, Jasmine Dean, Jordon Dunham, Sarah Al-Azki, Gareth Pryce, Stephanie Zandee, Chao Zhao, Markus Kipp, Kenneth J. Smith, David Baker, Daniel Altmann, Stephen M. Anderton, Yolanda S. Kap, Jon D. Laman, Bert A. 't Hart, Moses Rodriguez, Ralf Watzlawick, Jan M. Schwab, Roderick Carter, Nicholas Morton, Michele Zagnoni, Robin J. M. Franklin, Rory Mitchell, Sue Fleetwood-Walker, David A. Lyons, Siddharthan Chandran, Hans Lassmann, Bruce D. Trapp, Don J. Mahad
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michele Frison, Danilo Faccenda, Rosella Abeti, Manuel Rigon, Daniela Strobbe, Britannie S. England-Rendon, Diana Cash, Katy Barnes, Mona Sadeghian, Marija Sajic, Lisa A. Wells, Dong Xia, Paola Giunti, Kenneth Smith, Heather Mortiboys, Federico E. Turkheimer, Michelangelo Campanella
Summary: The 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) plays a critical role in Parkinson's Disease by enhancing cellular redox-stress, susceptibility to dopamine-induced cell death, and repression of ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy. TSPO amplifies ERK1/2 signalling, represses TFEB, and is required to alter the autophagy-lysosomal pathway during neurotoxicity.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Marija Sajic, Amy E. Rumora, Anish A. Kanhai, Giacomo Dentoni, Sharlini Varatharajah, Caroline Casey, Ryan D. R. Brown, Fabian Peters, Lucy M. Hinder, Masha G. Savelieff, Eva L. Feldman, Kenneth J. Smith
Summary: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common complication in patients with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is often associated with dyslipidemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies on a high-fat diet mouse model of prediabetes showed that dyslipidemia led to reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and impaired nerve impulse conduction. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of PN in prediabetes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Luca Giannoni, Frederic Lange, Marija Sajic, Kenneth J. Smith, Ilias Tachtsidis
Summary: The study introduces a novel hyperspectral imaging system hNIR for monitoring and quantifying changes in cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation and cellular metabolism in animals. Validated on optical phantoms mimicking brain tissue, the system is applied in vivo on mice to map microvascular levels of cortical hemodynamics and metabolism. This demonstrates the potential of hNIR as a powerful tool for simultaneous mapping and quantification of cerebral physiology using visible and NIR light.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Joanna M. Wardlaw, Helene Benveniste, Maiken Nedergaard, Berislav V. Zlokovic, Serge Charpak, Kenneth J. Smith, Sandra E. Black
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Licht-Mayer, Graham R. Campbell, Arpan R. Mehta, Katie McGill, Alex Symonds, Sarah Al-Azki, Gareth Pryce, Stephanie Zandee, Chao Zhao, Markus Kipp, Kenneth J. Smith, David Baker, Daniel Altmann, Stephen M. Anderton, Yolanda S. Kap, Jon D. Laman, A. Bert, Moses Rodriguez, Robin J. M. Franklin, Siddharthan Chandran, Hans Lassmann, Bruce D. Trapp, Don J. Mahad
Summary: This study identifies a consistent and robust phenomenon called axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD) in experimental demyelination models, which is also observed in multiple sclerosis (MS). The increase in mitochondrial content within demyelinated axons is not always accompanied by a proportionate increase in complex IV activity, particularly in highly inflammatory models. The findings highlight the importance of complex IV activity and pave the way for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mario Amatruda, Kate Harris, Alina Matis, Andrew L. Davies, Daniel McElroy, Michael Clark, Christopher Linington, Roshni Desai, Kenneth J. Smith
Summary: This study explored the importance of tissue hypoxia in causing neurological deficits and demyelination in the inflamed CNS. The findings showed that oxygen treatment can significantly improve severe neurological deficits and reduce demyelination in both active and passive EAE. This suggests that targeting hypoxia may be an effective therapeutic approach for this disease.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Phoebe G. Evans, Maria Sajic, Yichao Yu, Ian F. Harrison, Patrick S. Hosford, Ken J. Smith, Mark F. Lythgoe, Daniel J. Stuckey, Jack A. Wells
Summary: Perivascular spaces play an important role in the interaction between cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue, and their dysfunction may contribute to age-related neurogenerative conditions. Researchers have used a non-invasive MRI method to capture perivascular fluid movement and have found that this method is highly sensitive to the cardiac cycle. They also discovered that fluid movement directionality is decreased in a model of acute hypertension, along with a dampening of vessel pulsatility.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
R. Desai, A. Davies, M. Tachrount, X. Golay, K. Smith
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
R. Desai, A. Davies, N. Del Rossi, M. Tachrount, B. Gustavson, D. Schiza, C. Linington, X. Golay, K. Smith
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nick Cunniffe, Khue Anh Vuong, Debbie Ainslie, David Baker, Judy Beveridge, Sorrel Bickley, Patrick Camilleri, Matthew Craner, Denise Fitzgerald, Alerie G. de la Fuente, Gavin Giovannoni, Emma Gray, Lorraine Hazlehurst, Raj Kapoor, Ranjit Kaur, David Kozlowski, Brooke Lumicisi, Don Mahad, Bjoern Neumann, Alan Palmer, Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti, Stefano Pluchino, Jennifer Robertson, Alan Rothaul, Lyndsey Shellard, Kenneth J. Smith, Alastair Wilkins, Anna Williams, Alasdair Coles
Summary: This study established a standardized approach for identifying candidate drugs for repurposing in the treatment of progressive MS. Through expert review and scoring, four treatments were recommended for immediate testing in progressive MS, with additional treatments prioritized for further consideration. This approach offers new possibilities for the treatment of patients with progressive MS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.
