Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Fischer, Elisabeth Deindl
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for cell-to-cell communication by delivering various RNA, proteins, lipids, and nucleotides. Different types of EVs, including exosomes, cell surface-derived EVs, and apoptotic bodies, contain different RNA species and can be isolated, quantified, and characterized using specific methods.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agostinho Soares de Alcantara-Neto, Cristina Cuello, Rustem Uzbekov, Stefan Bauersachs, Pascal Mermillod, Carmen Alminana
Summary: This study determined the functional impact of oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) on porcine embryo development and transcriptome. The results showed that treatment with oEVs enhanced embryo development and led to differential gene and miRNA expression profiles in the embryos. Specific oEV components, such as S100A11, ANXA2, and miR-21-5p, were identified as potential modulators of the embryonic transcriptome.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel E. Murphy, Olivier G. de Jong, Martijn J. W. Evers, Maratussholikhah Nurazizah, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Pieter Vader
Summary: RNA therapeutics have great potential, but face challenges in delivery to target cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising RNA delivery vehicles with significantly higher delivery efficiency compared to synthetic systems.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wenguang Chang, Mengyang Li, Lin Song, Suo Miao, Wanpeng Yu, Jianxun Wang
Summary: This article reviews the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and noncoding RNAs in diabetes and its complications. Noncoding RNA sorting into sEVs is selective, and the function of sEVs varies according to their tissue origin. Understanding the roles of sEVs from different tissues is important for studying their molecular mechanisms and applying them as therapeutic agents for diabetes treatment.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nan-Xing Jiang, Xue-Lian Li
Summary: Embryo implantation, a rate-limiting step in pregnancy, heavily relies on intercellular communication, in which extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role. EVs isolated from various biofluids and tissues have shown potential as biomarkers and drug delivery systems in understanding implantation failure. However, the precise mechanisms of EVs in embryo implantation and reproductive diseases still require further research.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yiqian Gui, Shuiqiao Yuan
Summary: The m(6)A modification plays a critical role in spermatogenesis, affecting different stages of male germ cell development. It is involved in RNA metabolism, impacted by environmental exposure, and capable of being inherited across generations.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hong Chen, Maira Bianchi Rodrigues Alves, Clemence Belleannee
Summary: Epididymal epithelial cells and EVs play crucial roles in sperm maturation, with recent discoveries of immune cell populations and epididymal cell extensions providing a more comprehensive understanding of the sperm's surrounding environment.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Makarova, Diana Maltseva, Alexander Tonevitsky
Summary: This mini review discusses the progress of extracellular RNA (exRNA) research, with a focus on exRNA carriers. The key methodological challenges are analyzed, and recommendations on how to overcome them are provided.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jin Wang, Derek Chen, Emmanuel A. Ho
Summary: Exosomes, as potential drug delivery vehicles, have been studied extensively, but face multiple technical challenges, including isolation, characterization, and stability testing, as well as challenges related to drug cell-uptake, loading, release, and in vivo distribution.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Forough Mahdavinezhad, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani, Roghaye Gharaei, Zhaleh Ashrafnezhad, Jamal Valipour, Maryam Shabani Nashtaei, Fardin Amidi
Summary: Research finds that seminal plasma microvesicles and exosomes can protect spermatozoa during cryopreservation, improving sperm motility, morphology, and viability, while reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizhen Shen, Zhangjin Shen, Conghui Wang, Xiaodong Wu, Lingfang Wang, Lele Ye, Songfa Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng
Summary: In this study, a method for extracting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues was optimized to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the phenotypes, contents, and biological functions of the extracted EVs. The results showed that cryopreservation affected the yield and distribution of EVs, but not their morphology or particle mass ratio. The storage of tissues at -80°C increased both small and large EV yields, while the storage of lysates at -80°C decreased large EV yield and increased small EV yield. The cryopreserved EOC tissue retained a high percentage of proteins and miRNAs, and the extracted EVs could promote angiogenesis and invasive migration ability in human endothelial cells. This suggests that cryopreserved EOC tissue has clinical value for studying tissue-derived EVs, especially those related to EV proteins.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Bahram Talebjedi, Nishat Tasnim, Mina Hoorfar, Gabriela F. Mastromonaco, Marcia De Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
Summary: In recent decades, research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown significantly, particularly in their role in cellular communication and potential as biomarkers of health and disease. However, the importance of embryonic EVs is still limited due to small sample volumes, low EV concentrations, and complex isolation procedures. The use of microfluidics technologies shows promise in optimizing the isolation and characterization of embryonic EVs.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simeiyun Liu, Upasna Sharma
Summary: There is increasing evidence that the experiences and environment of ancestors can affect the phenotypes of future generations. The parental environment may regulate offspring phenotypes by influencing epigenetic marks in the gametes. This review examines the inheritance of paternal environmental effects and the role of small RNAs in this process. Recent advances in understanding the small RNA payload of sperm and how it is modulated by environmental conditions are discussed, as well as the potential mechanism of paternal environmental effects through small RNA-mediated regulation of early embryonic gene expression and its impact on offspring phenotypes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Angela Wang Ilaltdinov, Yubao Gong, Daniel J. Leong, Konrad I. Gruson, Deyou Zheng, David T. Fung, Li Sun, Hui B. Sun
Summary: Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder with no current cure. Research has identified novel targets like gene therapy and noncoding RNAs for enhancing tendon healing and repair. Recent advances in exosomes also show potential for tendinopathy treatment.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Chiara Corrado, Maria Magdalena Barreca, Chiara Zichittella, Riccardo Alessandro, Alice Conigliaro
Summary: In the last decade, increasing research has shown that ncRNAs cooperate with other biomolecules in gene regulatory networks. miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs play a role in transcription and translation regulation at different levels. Notably, ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles, influencing gene expression across distances.