Review
Immunology
Christian Muenz
Summary: The review discusses the canonical and non-canonical functions of the macroautophagy machinery in antigen presentation and their influence on MHC class I and II molecules to T cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the macroautophagy machinery can help target antigens to different pathways and influence MHC restricted presentation during vaccination against infectious diseases and tumors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Julia Sanchez-Garrido, Avinash R. Shenoy
Summary: The discussion focuses on how nutrient-sensing responses regulated by kinases like MTOR and AMPK are repurposed by the innate immune system during infection. Additionally, the study examines how natural mutations and pathogen-mediated interventions can disrupt the balance between anabolic and autophagic pathways, affecting tissue homeostasis and host defense.
Review
Microbiology
Jin Yuan, Qiuyu Zhang, Shihua Chen, Min Yan, Lei Yue
Summary: LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a noncanonical autophagy process that plays an important role in host defense against bacterial infection. This review summarizes the mechanism of LAP in resistance to bacterial infection and the strategies bacteria use to evade LAP.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brittany R. Jenkins, Nathan A. Blaseg, Heather M. Grifka-Walk, Benjamin Deuling, Steve D. Swain, Eric L. Campbell, Seth T. Walk, Douglas J. Kominsky
Summary: IL-10 signaling plays a crucial role in regulating intestinal mucosal homeostasis by modulating the balance of proliferation and differentiation in IECs. Depletion of IL-10 signaling leads to a shift towards goblet cell differentiation, increased proliferation, and minor changes in apoptosis. Further research is needed to explore the detailed mechanisms underlying these cellular processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Emmanouela Kallergi, Devanarayanan Siva Sankar, Alessandro Matera, Angeliki Kolaxi, Rosa Chiara Paolicelli, Joern Dengjel, Vassiliki Nikoletopoulou
Summary: Autophagy disorders have significant impacts on the brain, leading to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative phenotypes in adolescence or aging. Mouse models with autophagy gene deletion in brain cells recapitulate synaptic and behavioral deficits. However, the characteristics and temporal dynamics of brain autophagy substrates are still insufficiently understood.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Boamah, Michael C. Gilmore, Sarah Bourget, Anushka Ghosh, Mohammad J. Hossain, Joseph P. Vogel, Felipe Cava, Tamara J. O'Connor
Summary: Peptidoglycan is an important component of the bacterial cell envelope and its remodeling is linked to bacterial pathogenicity. This study identifies a polysaccharide deacetylase in Legionella pneumophila, which plays a dual role in bacterial pathogenesis and persistence. The deacetylase modulates host cellular processes through peptidoglycan editing and affects the intracellular fate of the bacterium through its impact on the Type IVb secretion system and sensitivity to lysozyme-mediated degradation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Celeste Gauron, Alexandra C. Newton, Maria Isabel Colombo
Summary: Hijacking the autophagic machinery by recruiting PKCα is a key mechanism for Staphylococcus aureus to replicate in host cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PKCα significantly inhibits bacterial replication.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Bart J. M. Grijmans, Sander B. van der Kooij, Monica Varela, Annemarie H. Meijer
Summary: Cells of the innate immune system use phagocytosis and autophagy mechanisms to neutralize microbial threats. LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) plays a crucial role in this process and interacts with bacterial pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florence Vallelian, Raphael M. Buzzi, Marc Pfefferle, Ayla Yalamanoglu, Irina L. Dubach, Andreas Wassmer, Thomas Gentinetta, Kerstin Hansen, Rok Humar, Nadja Schulthess, Christian A. Schaer, Dominik J. Schaer
Summary: Hemolytic stress progressively shifts the differentiation trajectories of bone marrow cells, leading to an increase in macrophages and a decrease in dendritic cells. This may contribute to secondary immunodeficiency caused by hemolysis.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yunjia Shi, Hongtao Liu, Kelong Ma, Zhao-Qing Luo, Jiazhang Qiu
Summary: This study reveals that Legionella longbeachae utilizes the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to replicate intracellularly and constructs an intracellular niche for its replication. Two specific proteins, LLO_1014 and LLO_2238, are associated with the bacterial phagosome and impact the accumulation of polyubiquitinated species.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bianca Striednig, Hubert Hilbi
Summary: Bacteria communicate through autoinducers, small organic molecules, and quorum sensing coordinates both group behavior and individual phenotypic heterogeneity, thereby increasing the overall fitness of bacterial populations.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ramon Hochstrasser, Sarah Michaelis, Sabrina Brulisauer, Thomas Sura, Mingzhen Fan, Sandra Maass, Dorte Becher, Hubert Hilbi
Summary: The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila uses a regulatory network to control bacterial motility, virulence, and biofilm structure, and regulates the migration of amoebae through biofilms and the formation of bacterial clusters.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Namgyu Kim, Gil Han, Hyejung Jung, Hyun-Hee Lee, Jungwook Park, Young-Su Seo
Summary: This study is the first report that the DUF2169 domain-containing protein and pentapeptide repeats protein are involved in bacterial virulence to the rice plants as T6SS accessory proteins, encoded in the gene cluster of the T6SS group_5.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Munz
Summary: Autophagy pathways play crucial roles in degrading cytoplasmic constituents in lysosomes, impacting various biological processes. Recent studies have highlighted the additional functions of the autophagy machinery in endo- and exocytosis. Understanding these non-canonical functions can aid in using them for treating human diseases and appreciating the versatility of cells in utilizing membrane remodeling and trafficking modules.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christophe Collet, Alankar A. Vaidya, Marc Gaugler, Mark West, Gareth Lloyd-Jones
Summary: Manufacturing PHA polymers is expensive due to purification, but by directly processing PHA-containing bacterial biomass, cost reduction can be achieved. Three key steps have been taken to produce whole-cell PHA-based biocomposites that are less expensive compared to purified PHA. The identification of an endotoxin-free Gram-negative production host enhances the suitability of sphingomonads as a new endotoxin-free PHA production platform.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Norihiro Takekawa, Tomoko Kubori, Tomoya Iwai, Hiroki Nagai, Katsumi Imada
Summary: Pathogenic bacteria acquire eukaryotic-protein-like proteins through interaction with host cells. Bacterial effector proteins, such as LotA, mimic eukaryotic proteins and have ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. We determined the crystal structure of LotA's middle domain and identified an essential acidic residue for its enzymatic activity.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mhd Yousuf Yassouf, Xu Zhang, Zisheng Huang, Da Zhai, Reiko Sekiya, Tsuyoshi Kawabata, Tao-Sheng Li
Summary: Mechanical stress can have a biphasic effect on lymphocyte activation, either promoting or inhibiting the immune response. This provides insight into the role of mechanical stress in immune-related pathologies.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Tomoe Kitao, Tomoko Kubori, Hiroki Nagai
Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in the structural studies of the L. pneumophila IVB secretion system and provides insights into substrate recognition and transport mechanisms.
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Misaki Murata, Riku Kanamori, Tomoe Kitao, Tomoko Kubori, Hiroki Nagai, Mitsuo Tagaya, Kohei Arasaki
Summary: The Legionella effector Lpg1137 utilizes phosphatidic acid (PA) for its correct intracellular distribution, allowing it to recognize and degrade syntaxin 17 (Stx17), which is localized in the ER, MAM, and mitochondria.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomoko Kubori, Junyup Lee, Hyunmin Kim, Kohei Yamazaki, Masanari Nishikawa, Tomoe Kitao, Byung-Ha Oh, Hiroki Nagai
Summary: The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila utilizes a pair of effector proteins, Lpg0080 and Lpg0081, to coordinately manipulate mitochondrial activity in host cells by enzymatically modifying ADP/ATP translocases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kou Hioki, Tomoya Hayashi, Yayoi Natsume-Kitatani, Kouji Kobiyama, Burcu Temizoz, Hideo Negishi, Hitomi Kawakami, Hiroyuki Fuchino, Etsushi Kuroda, Cevayir Coban, Nobuo Kawahara, Ken J. Ishii
Summary: This study presents a screening strategy for adjuvants by combining in vivo multiparametric analysis and in vitro immunological profile analysis. By using machine learning algorithms, human G-CSF and mouse RANTES were identified as the most reliable biological parameters for predicting adjuvanticity. Additionally, a certain nano-sized particle population functioning as a negative parameter to adjuvanticity was revealed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Keisuke Tabata, Marika Saeki, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Maho Hamasaki
Summary: Macroautophagy, or autophagy, is a highly conserved cellular degradation system that maintains cellular homeostasis. This study identified a new E3 ligase complex, involving CUL4A, as a regulatory complex in lysophagy, the process of targeting damaged lysosomes through autophagy. The complex was found to mediate a critical protein modification on LAMP2 during lysosomal damage, leading to the clearance of damaged lysosomes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan N. N. Pruneda, Justine V. V. Nguyen, Hiroki Nagai, Tomoko Kubori
Summary: The OTU family of deubiquitinases play specialized roles in regulating specific cellular functions. Some pathogenic bacteria secrete OTU deubiquitinases as virulence factors to interfere with ubiquitination inside infected cells. This review explores the function, structural basis, and identification of bacterial OTU deubiquitinases, and highlights their potential for discoveries in bacterial pathogenesis and eukaryotic biology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gus D. Warren, Tomoe Kitao, Tyler G. Franklin, Justine Nguyen, Paul P. Geurink, Tomoko Kubori, Hiroki Nagai, Jonathan N. Pruneda
Summary: The versatility of ubiquitination in controlling various aspects of eukaryotic biology is achieved through different types of poly-ubiquitin chains. However, the specificity of regulatory proteins involved in signaling for certain chain types, such as K6-linked chains, remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a deubiquitinase domain in the secreted effector LotA from Legionella pneumophila, which specifically regulates K6-linked poly-ubiquitin. We found that LotA plays a crucial role in guarding against ubiquitin-dependent extraction of components in the Legionella-containing vacuole during infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Takayuki Shima, Monami Ogura, Ruriko Matsuda, Shuhei Nakamura, Natsuko Jin, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Akiko Kuma
Summary: Shima et al. developed a new probe, TMEM192-mKeima, to monitor lysophagy more specifically than conventional probes. They re-evaluated factors involved in the lysosomal damage response and identified factors involved in lysophagy via screenings using the probe. This study highlights the importance of TMEM192-mKeima probe in investigating lysophagy.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tatsuya Shioda, Ittetsu Takahashi, Kensuke Ikenaka, Naonobu Fujita, Tomotake Kanki, Toshihiko Oka, Hideki Mochizuki, Adam Antebi, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Shuhei Nakamura
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that the molecular network involving neuronal MML-1 function is crucial for regulating systemic aging. This study demonstrates that MML-1 and its heterodimer partners play a primary role in neurons to extend longevity in germlineless animals, acting via downstream cascades that are distinct from HLH-30. The MML-1-GLT-5 axis in neurons is critical for maintaining proteostasis and reducing oxidative stress in long-lived animals through autophagy and peroxidase MLT-7, respectively.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Burcu Temizoz, Kou Hioki, Shingo Kobari, Nao Jounai, Takato Kusakabe, Michelle S. J. Lee, Cevayir Coban, Etsushi Kuroda, Ken J. Ishii
Summary: Combining TLR9 and STING agonists can synergistically induce IFN-gamma, serving as an effective anti-tumor therapy, particularly important for cancers like pancreatic cancer.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)