Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan-Wei Sui, Ren Sun, Ji-Qiu Qi, Ye-Zeng He, Fu-Xiang Wei, Qing-Kun Meng, Zhi Sun
Summary: This study investigates the morphology of intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed during soldering reaction between Sn1.0Ag0.7Cu-1.0SnO(2) composite solder and Cu substrate at different temperatures. When the soldering temperature is 260 or 280 ℃, prism-type Cu6Sn5 forms, while at temperatures of 300 and 320 ℃, these grains transform from prism type to scallop type. The morphology of Cu6Sn5 grains affects the adsorption of Ag3Sn nanoparticles during soldering reaction.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pan Yi, Chaofang Dong, Kui Xiao, Xiaogang Li
Summary: The study revealed that the corrosion behavior of SAC305 alloy is influenced by factors such as galvanic corrosion, electronic structure, and material microstructure. The calculation of electronic density of state helps explain the corrosion behavior, and a corresponding corrosion failure mechanism has been proposed.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Martin, A. Winkelmann, A. Leineweber
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time that the disordered eta phase transforms into the monoclinic eta phase with a characteristic twin-domain microstructure when the Cu-rich Cu6Sn5 intermetallic is ordered. Detailed Kikuchi diffraction pattern analysis is used to investigate the domain microstructure. The simulation-based Kikuchi diffraction pattern matching approach proves to be more sensitive to different domain orientations compared to the conventional EBSD analysis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhicong Ni, Yiyong Zhang, Bowen Zhu, Yanjie Wang, Ying Wang, Xue Li, Yingjie Zhang, Shigang Sun
Summary: The formation of a tightly bonded and uniformly distributed Cu6Sn5 interface layer on the surface of Cu foam can improve the cycle life and reduce the deposition overpotential of the lithium metal anode. The multifunctional composite layer shows higher capacity retention rate and stable rate performance when used in full batteries.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pifeng Wei, Piyong Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Xuemei Li
Summary: The Cu6Sn5/PANI nanocomposite, with 3% PANI content, exhibited the best photocatalytic overall water splitting performance and stability compared to pure Cu6Sn5, attributed to PANI's promotion of separation and transfer efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. The presence of PANI significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity, shedding light on plasmonic photocatalyst development.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
F. Emadi, V. Vuorinen, G. Ross, M. Paulasto-Krockel
Summary: The mechanical reliability of future miniaturized interconnects is influenced by intermetallic compounds such as Cu6Sn5. Alloying Cu6Sn5 with elements like Co and In has drawn attention for improving mechanical reliability and reducing bonding temperature. This study aims to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of Cu6Sn5-, Cu6(Sn,In)5-, (Cu,Co)6Sn5-, and (Cu,Co)6(Sn,In)5-interconnects. Analysis revealed monoclinic and hexagonal crystal structures across all joints, with random grain orientation in Cu6Sn5 and elongation of Cu6(Sn,In)5 grains perpendicular to the bonding interface. Alloying affected grain size, refining and elongating Cu6Sn5 grains, while Co alloying enlarged them. Mechanical testing showed an increase in hardness and Young's modulus for alloyed Cu6Sn5. (Cu,Co)6(Sn,In)5 exhibited the highest Ei/H value, indicating the highest plasticity.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chong Dong, Haoran Ma, Haitao Ma, Yunpeng Wang
Summary: In the 3D advanced packaging process, the growth mechanism of intermetallic compounds on the Cu6Sn5 layer is unclear. This paper investigates the reaction between the prefabricated Cu6Sn5 layer and the Sn-based solder under the influence of solder composition. The results show that the orientation of the prefabricated Cu6Sn5 layer can be retained after reflowing when it has a preferred orientation, and small Cu6Sn5 grains nucleate and grow on the surface of the randomly distributed prefabricated Cu6Sn5 layer along the <0001> crystal direction. Furthermore, the addition of Ag promotes the heritability of orientation and inhibits the nucleation of small Cu6Sn5 grains on the surface of the prefabricated Cu6Sn5 layer.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ziwen Lv, Jintao Wang, Fengyi Wang, Weiwei Zhang, Jianqiang Wang, Chunjin Hang, Hongtao Chen
Summary: In this study, Cu6Sn5 nanoparticles were added to SAC305 solder paste to improve its mechanical strength and service reliability. The addition of Cu6Sn5 NPs enhanced the solderability and shear strength of the composite solder paste, leading to improved reliability in harsh operating environments.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. M. Kuang, M. L. Huang
Summary: Under the interaction of Cu and Ni atoms, interfacial intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 grains were significantly refined from 22.5 to 4.06 μm after soldering the pre-fabricated Cu6Sn5 with Sn-0.1Ni solder for only 3 min. Ni and Sn atoms were inclined to be adsorbed on the (0001) surface of scalloped Cu6Sn5 grains due to the lowest adsorption energy. (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 crystal nuclei nucleated on (0001) surface, grew along [0001] direction to form densely arranged and parallel hexagonal rods, and finally replaced the original larger scalloped Cu6Sn5 grains.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chong Dong, Min Shang, Haoran Ma, Yunpeng Wang, Xiaogan Li, Haitao Ma
Summary: This paper investigates the mechanism of nucleation of orientation-preferred Cu6Sn5 at different temperatures and solder compositions, showing that temperature and solder composition play important roles in cluster distribution. Higher temperature, Ag element, and proper Cu element amounts favor nucleation of orientation-preferred Cu6Sn5, while Cu and Ag additions promote grain size increase and solder volume differences between regions lead to grain orientation differences.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Leineweber, M. Loffler, S. Martin
Summary: Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound can undergo composition and order changes in solder joints, affecting the mechanical properties of the solder. Investigations show that Sn-poor eta phase can increase its Sn content through different processes, while Cu6Sn5 growth at low temperature is typically influenced by grain-boundary diffusion.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vernica Verma, N. K. Pandey, Ajeet Singh, Peramjeet Singh, Priya Gupta, B. C. Yadav
Summary: This study reports the fabrication of a novel biphasic LPG sensor that operates at room temperature. The Cu6Sn5:SnO2 nanocomposite thin films were synthesized through a hydrothermal route, and their microstructural details were determined using XRD. The films exhibited enhanced sensitivity and quick response and recovery time for LPG sensing at room temperature, with the Cu6Sn5 dominant phase nanocomposite showing improved performance. The improved performance may be attributed to the formation of a crystalline structure.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yinbo Chen, Zhaoqing Gao, Zhi-Quan Liu
Summary: This study investigates the thermomigration behaviors of Sn-Bi-X solder joints and the orientation change of Bi grains under the temperature gradient. The results show that thermomigration has little effect on the Sn/Bi ratio and the thickness of intermetallic compound (IMC). However, the orientation of Bi grains changes after thermomigration, and this change is hindered by Ag3Sn. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing the reliabilities of Sn-Bi-Ag solder joints.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenhui Yang, XuanQuy Tran, Tomokazu Yamamoto, Kohei Aso, Flora Somidin, Xin Fu Tan, Youichirou Kawami, Kazuhiro Nogita, Syo Matsumura
Summary: The Cu6Sn5 intermetallic, which forms at solder interconnects, plays a critical role in the reliability of electronic products. This study investigates the effects of Ni and Au doping on the atomic-scale structure of Cu6Sn5 and reveals characteristic structural modulations induced by each dopant. Ni doping leads to a three-fold ordered structure with displacive modulation, while Au doping results in a two-fold layer-like structure. The study also shows that Ni contraction the unit cell along the hexagonal axis, while Au has an isotropically expanding effect.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhihang Zhang, Qiuguo Yang, Jihua Huang, Shuhai Chen, Zheng Ye, Jian Yang
Summary: The study investigated the Cu6Sn5/Cu interface with different structures using density functional theory and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory, finding that the interface chemical bonds exhibit both ionic and covalent characteristics. Different interfacial structures showed varied bonding strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Zamora, T. Bautista, N. S. Portillo-Velez, A. Reyes-Montero, H. Pfeiffer, F. Sanchez-Ochoa, H. A. Lara-Garcia
Summary: Experimental and DFT studies were conducted on the structural, magnetic, and optical properties of RFeO3 perovskites. The perovskites exhibited an orthorhombic crystal structure and weak ferromagnetic behavior. They were confirmed to be semiconductors with a bandgap of approximately 2.1 eV.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xianxiang Lv, Jing Jin, Weiguang Yang
Summary: By depositing TiN and TiO2 surface layers on AlSi films, the electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes can be significantly improved, suppressing volume expansion and promoting the formation of a stable SEI layer.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sharafat Ali, Haider Ali, Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar, Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Zahid, Ahmed Ismail, Pir Muhammad Ismail, Amir Zada, Imran Khan, Huahai Shen, Rizwan Ullah, Habib Khan, Mohamed Bououdina, Xiaoqiang Wu, Fazal Raziq, Liang Qiao
Summary: The construction and optimization of redox-heterojunctions using a bifunctional phosphate as an electron-bridge demonstrated significant improvements in photo catalytic activity, including enhanced dispersion, reduced interfacial migration resistance, and increased abundance of active-sites.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ren-Ni Luan, Na Xu, Chao-Ran Li, Zhi-Jie Zhang, Yu-Sheng Zhang, Jun Nan, Shu-Tao Wang, Yong-Ming Chai, Bin Dong
Summary: Extensive research has revealed that oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline conditions involves dynamic surface restructuring. The development and design of sulfide/oxide pre-catalysts can reasonably adjust the composition and structure after surface reconstruction, which is crucial for OER. This study utilized a simple two-step hydrothermal method to achieve in situ S leaching and doping, inducing the composition change and structure reconstruction of CoFe oxides. The transformed FeOOH and CoOOH exhibited excellent OER activity and could be easily mass-produced using low-cost iron based materials and simple methods.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jun'an Lai, Daofu Wu, Peng He, Kang An, Yijia Wang, Peng Feng, WeiWei Chen, Zixian Wang, Linfeng Guo, Xiaosheng Tang
Summary: Zero-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halides (OMHs) are gaining attention in the fabrication of light-emitting diodes due to their broad emission band and high photoluminescence quantum yield. This work synthesized a zero-dimensional organic tetraphenylphosphonium bismuth chloride (TBC) that showed efficient blue light emission, with the emission mechanism attributed to the transition of Bi3+ ions. White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) were fabricated using TBC, along with green-emitting and red-emitting single crystals, achieving single-component white emissions. These findings demonstrate the different emission mechanism of ns2 ions-based OMHs and highlight the potential of bismuth-based OMHs in WLEDs applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xuewei Liang, Yunhai Su, Taisen Yang, Zhiyong Dai, Yingdi Wang, Xingping Yong
Summary: The revolutionary design concept of high-entropy alloys has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of advanced metal materials. In this work, AlCrCuFe2NiTix high-entropy flux cored wires were prepared by combining the design idea of a high-entropy alloy with the characteristics of flux cored wire. AlCr-CuFe2NiTix high-entropy surfacing alloys were prepared using gas metal arc welding technology. The wear properties of the alloys were analyzed, and the phase composition, microstructure, strengthening mechanism, and wear mechanism were discussed. The results show that the alloys exhibit a dendritic microstructure with BCC/B2 + FCC phases. Increasing Ti content leads to the precipitation of Laves phase. The alloys show improved microhardness and wear resistance due to the precipitation of coherent B2 and Laves phases. However, excessive Ti addition results in the increase of Laves phase and reduced wear resistance of the alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Vadivel, M. Senthil Pandian, P. Ramasamy, Qiang Jing, Bo Liu
Summary: This work presents the enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance of g-C3N4 assisted PAA on CoFe2O4 ternary nanocomposites. The incorporation of PAA and g-C3N4 improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, resulting in superior photocatalytic degradation and high specific capacitance values.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vibhu T. Sivanandan, Ramany Revathy, Arun S. Prasad
Summary: In this study, pure and doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel auto-combustion method with the aid of lemon juice as eco-fuel. The crystal structure, lattice parameter, crystallite size, microstrain, optical parameters, and room temperature magnetic properties of the samples were analyzed. The effect of doping on the magnetic properties was also investigated.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qing Guo, Bowen Zhang, Benzhe Sun, Yang Qi
Summary: This study prepared ZnO films with various nonpolar preferred orientations using conventional chemical bath deposition method and characterized their growth process and mechanism. It was found that the type and concentration of nitrate could control the preferred orientation and surface roughness of ZnO films. Additionally, ZnO films with different preferred orientations exhibited different optical properties.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chong Zhang, Yan Liu, Zhaoyan Wang, Hang Yang
Summary: In this study, six bimetallic FeCo particles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method at different Fe:Co ratios. The Fe:Co ratio not only modulates the composition of the particles but also influences their structure and magnetic properties. The FeCo alloys showed a transformation from an Fe-based structure to a Co-based structure with increasing Co content. The Fe:Co ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 resulted in particles with the highest and lowest saturation magnetization, respectively.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianning Zhang, Jing Li, Yiren Wang, Xiaodong Mao, Yong Jiang
Summary: We conducted a study on the formation of ultra-fine Y-Ti-Ta-O nano-oxides in Ta+B micro-alloyed 13CrWTi-ODS alloys using electron microscopy and first-principles calculations. The Y-Ti-Ta-O nano-oxides were found to be mainly Y2(Ti,Ta)2O7, with an average size of 7 nm and a number density of 6.8 x 1023 m-3. Excess boron was found to enhance the adhesion of some low-sigma grain boundaries but weaken the Fe/Y2Ti2O7 interface, while excess tantalum enhanced the Fe/Y2Ti2O7 interface but caused serious degradation of grain boundaries.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yirong Fang, Pei Cheng, Hang Yuan, Hao Zhao, Lishu Zhang
Summary: A new composite system of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide and black phosphorus quantum dots has been developed for tumor therapy, showing improved electrochemical properties and stability. The system generates hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical to effectively kill tumor cells.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiufang Qin, Yuanli Ma, Hui Zhang, Ting Zhang, Fang Wang, Xiaohong Xu
Summary: The structure and magnetism of cobalt ferrites after Mn2+-Tb3+ co-doping were studied. Co-doped samples exhibited cubic spinel structure and spherical shape of ferrite nanoparticles. The redistribution of Co2+ and Fe3+ ions between octahedral and tetrahedral sites was observed due to Mn2+-Tb3+ co-doping. The coercivity and magnetization saturation of co-doped samples were significantly improved, leading to a maximum energy product that is 190% higher than that of the un-doped sample.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ho Yeon Lee, Wonjong Yu, Yoon Ho Lee
Summary: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in developing ultra-fine nanostructured electrodes with extensive reaction areas to enhance the performance and low-temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells. The use of a refined approach involving co-sputtering metal alloys and oxide targets has demonstrated the feasibility of nano-columnar structures in perovskite-based electrodes, expanding the temperature range of thin film electrodes. This study systematically examines the effects of chamber pressure control in the co-sputtering process and identifies the intricate relationship between sputtering pressure and film structure. By fine-tuning the columnar growth in the electrode, significant improvements in performance and thermo-mechanical properties were achieved, resulting in high-performance all-sputtered solid oxide fuel cells.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qianyun Bai, Xiaoxiao Yan, Da Liu, Kang Xiang, Xin Tu, Yanhui Guo, Renbing Wu
Summary: This study proposes a simple method to develop a non-precious transition metal-based electrocatalyst with high catalytic activity and robustness for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The as-synthesized electrode exhibits a low overpotential and high current density, indicating its potential in energy conversion.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)