Article
Neurosciences
Tanya L. Brown, Hirokazu Hashimoto, Lisbet T. Finseth, Teresa L. Wood, Wendy B. Macklin
Summary: The actin regulator PAK1 promotes oligodendrocyte morphologic changes and myelin production, influencing communication within the CNS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ji Wu, Yun-Yi Wang, Xi-Wen Yang, Xiao-Tian Zhang, Jia-Yi Tang
Summary: hNP22 is a novel neuron-specific protein that interacts with actin filaments and microtubules, showing similarities to other cytoskeleton-associated proteins. It has potential biological functions in neurological disorders like schizophrenia and ARBD, making it a target for research in exploring clinical significance.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Carlo D. Cristobal, Chih-Yen Wang, Zhongyuan Zuo, Joshua A. Smith, Aaron Lindeke-Myers, Hugo J. Bellen, Hyun Kyoung Lee
Summary: This study reveals the essential role of the protein Daam2 in the regulation of oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton and myelin formation. Daam2 regulates the levels of Gelsolin to modulate the cytoskeleton during oligodendrocyte differentiation, and its deficiency leads to myelin decompaction and motor coordination deficits. These findings highlight the critical role of cytoskeletal dynamics in myelination and provide new potential avenues for the treatment of white matter diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ines M. Anton, Francisco Wandosell
Summary: YAP and TAZ are transcription co-regulators in the Hippo signaling pathway, playing a role in organ size control and tissue homeostasis. They are involved in the normal development of the nervous system and alterations in this pathway can lead to severe neurological diseases. WIP regulates YAP and TAZ independently of the Hippo pathway, impacting the central and peripheral nervous systems.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irene Molina-Gonzalez, Rebecca K. Holloway, Zoeb Jiwaji, Owen Dando, Sarah A. Kent, Katie Emelianova, Amy F. Lloyd, Lindsey H. Forbes, Ayisha Mahmood, Thomas Skripuletz, Viktoria Gudi, James A. Febery, Jeffrey A. Johnson, Jill H. Fowler, Tanja Kuhlmann, Anna Williams, Siddharthan Chandran, Martin Stangel, Andrew J. M. Howden, Giles E. Hardingham, Veronique E. Miron
Summary: Failed regeneration of myelin around neuronal axons following central nervous system damage contributes to nerve dysfunction and clinical decline in various neurological conditions. This study shows that the interaction between astrocytes and mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes is crucial for remyelination. Astrocytes support the survival of regenerating oligodendrocytes by downregulating the Nrf2 pathway and activating the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. This discovery reveals a drug strategy for central nervous system regeneration by targeting the astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Joana Paes de Faria, Raquel S. Vale-Silva, Reinhard Fassler, Hauke B. Werner, Joao B. Relvas
Summary: Pinch2 plays a crucial role in central nervous system myelination, preventing excessive myelin wrapping and promoting myelin stability. Loss of Pinch2 results in hypermyelination and pathological myelin outfoldings.
Review
Cell Biology
Bart Nieuwenhuis, Richard Eva
Summary: This article reviews the role of the PI3-kinase and PTEN signaling pathway in promoting repair of the injured central nervous system. Genetic deletion of PTEN has been shown to stimulate optic nerve regeneration, and the PI3-kinase and PIP3 signaling pathways play critical roles in developmental and regenerative axon growth. The article also discusses the neuron-intrinsic mechanisms that control regenerative ability and how they are affected by PI3-kinase signaling. Furthermore, the article highlights the recent finding of a decline in PIP3 generation as a key reason for regenerative failure, and summarizes studies targeting an increase in signaling downstream of PI3-kinase to facilitate regeneration in the adult central nervous system. The article concludes by discussing obstacles that need to be overcome in order to develop a robust strategy for repairing the injured central nervous system through manipulation of PI3-kinase signaling.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Melchionna, Paola Trono, Annalisa Tocci, Paola Nistico
Summary: Human tissues respond to injuries through activating biochemical and physical mechanisms that regulate intercellular communication crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis. The communication coordination occurs through actin cytoskeletal regulators physically connected to the extracellular matrix, generating a signaling platform deregulated in cancer. The cytokine TGF-β remains a complex and central signaling network in cancer progression, with its link to actin dynamics being explored for their aberrant interaction.
Article
Biology
Sumana Sharma, Toby Whitehead, Mateusz Kotowski, Emily Zhi Qing Ng, Joseph Clarke, Judith Leitner, Yi-Ling Chen, Ana Mafalda Santos, Peter Steinberger, Simon J. Davis
Summary: This study used CRISPR-based genome screening and Jurkat cell-based transcriptional reporter assay to investigate the signaling pathways of T-cell activation and inhibition. The results confirmed the utility of arrayed and pooled screens in studying different mediators. SHP2 was identified as the major PD-1-specific, SH2 family mediator of inhibitory signaling.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuxia Sun, Xiang Chen, Cen Yue, Wenyi Yang, Shu Zhang, Zhimin Ou, Ying Chen
Summary: This study showed that Ninj2 acts as a negative regulator in controlling Schwann cell (SC) development in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Loss of Ninj2 promotes myelination and accelerates the remyelination process. Ninj2 interacts with ITGB1 to inhibit laminin-integrin signaling, affecting myelination process.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuwen Chen, Jiao Pang, Lu Ye, Zhentao Zhang, Suijin Lin, Na Lin, Tae Ho Lee, Hekun Liu
Summary: This article summarizes the essential structure and function of the central nervous system, with a focus on the possible interaction between Notch1 and Nrf2 and their functions in neurons. The importance and potential applications of the Notch1-Nrf2 axis in abnormal development of the nervous system are highlighted, and the molecular mechanisms by which this axis controls apoptosis, antioxidant pathway, and neuronal differentiation to modulate the development of the nervous system are discussed.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alecia Biel, Morgan Moser, Norman R. Groves, Iris Meier
Summary: The study showed that SINE1 and SINE2 play important roles in actin pattern changes during ABA-induced stomatal closure, but at different time steps. External Ca2+ can partially rescue the mutant effects. Nuclear Ca2+ oscillations during ABA-induced stomatal closure were observed for the first time, and were disrupted in the mutant. Vacuolar fragmentation was impaired in the mutants and could be partially rescued by F-actin depolymerization.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sandeep M. Nalluri, Chinmay S. Sankhe, Joseph W. O'Connor, Paul L. Blanchard, Joelle N. Khouri, Steven H. Phan, Gage Virgi, Esther W. Gomez
Summary: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process essential for embryogenesis and wound healing, but also implicated in pathologies like fibrosis and cancer. Regulation of phosphorylation status can impact cell physiology and gene expression changes during TGFβ1-induced EMT, highlighting the crucial role of intricate crosstalk between signaling cascades in regulating EMT processes.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Francisco Correa, Cristina Enriquez-Cortina, Alejandro Silva-Palacios, Nadia Roman-Anguiano, Aurora Gil-Hernandez, Marcos Ostolga-Chavarria, Elizabeth Soria-Castro, Sharik Hernandez-Rizo, Paola de los Heros, Maria Chavez-Canales, Cecilia Zazueta
Summary: This study explores the role of the actin-cytoskeleton network in caveolae-mitochondria communication during postconditioning. The results show that disruption of the actin-cytoskeleton network negatively impacts cardiac tissue morphology, reduces caveolae formation, impairs cardiac function, and inhibits mitochondrial respiration. These findings highlight the importance of actin-cytoskeleton in regulating caveolae signaling to mitochondria and its role in cardioprotection against reperfusion injury.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Osama F. Harraz, Nicholas R. Klug, Amanda J. Senatore, David C. Hill-Eubanks, Mark T. Nelson
Summary: This study shows that Piezo1 channels act as mechanosensors in central nervous system capillaries, initiating crucial Ca2+ signals and having a profound impact on blood flow control.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Yasunori Hayashi
Summary: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is considered as the cellular basis of learning and memory. Activation of NMDA-R triggers the movement of AMPA-R and other proteins, while dendritic spine expands with actin modulation. CaMKII sustains long-term signaling by forming a reciprocally-activating complex with its substrate proteins. Additionally, activated CaMKII can condense at the synapse through liquid-liquid phase separation, increasing binding capacity and capturing newly synthesized proteins.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ada G. Rodriguez-Campuzano, Luisa C. Hernandez-Kelly, Arturo Ortega
Summary: Exposure to xenobiotics, especially the excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate, can have significant effects on brain physiology, potentially leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal death. This study investigates the role of dynamic DNA methylation triggered by glutamate in glial cells in modulating the expression and function of glial glutamate transporters.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Catya Jimenez-Torres, Mustapha Najimi, Arturo Ortega
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Zila Martinez-Lozada, Sandra J. Hewett, Francisco Zafra, Arturo Ortega
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Ryohei Yasuda, Yasunori Hayashi, Johannes W. Hell
Summary: This Review provides an overview of the synaptic regulation and function of Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which plays a central role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Activation of CaMKII by increased calcium ion levels leads to phosphorylation of synaptic proteins, regulating their structure and function. These processes are crucial for synaptic plasticity and learning and memory.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Janisse Silva-Parra, Cristina Sandu, Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl, Luisa C. Hernandez-Kelly, Arturo Ortega
Summary: Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid in the vertebrate brain, and its signaling is involved in most of the central nervous system functions. The regulation of its components, such as receptors, ion channels, and transporters, is crucial for proper glutamatergic transmission. Disruptions in these processes can lead to excitotoxic insults and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Anup Bhusal, Arturo Ortega, Kyoungho Suk
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rocio Suarez-Sanchez, Rodolfo Daniel Avila-Aviles, J. Manuel Hernandez-Hernandez, Daniel Sanchez-Celis, Cuauhtli N. Azotla-Vilchis, Enue R. Gomez-Macias, Norberto Leyva-Garcia, Arturo Ortega, Jonathan J. Magana, Bulmaro Cisneros, Oscar Hernandez-Hernandez
Summary: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and retinopathy. The disease is caused by a CAG expansion in the ATXN7 gene, resulting in an extended polyglutamine tract in the ataxin-7 protein. This study examines the impact of the mutant RNA and its potential use as a blood biomarker for SCA7.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zila Martinez-Lozada, Arturo Ortega
Summary: Glutamate, as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, plays a critical role in the central nervous system. The molecular cloning of its ionotropic receptors has greatly increased the interest in this neurotransmitter system. The characterization of glial glutamate receptors and the involvement of surrounding astrocytes in glutamate turnover have revealed the tripartite synapses. Understanding the molecular characterization of glutamate transporters has also highlighted the role of glial cells in glutamatergic synapses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zila Martinez-Lozada, W. Todd Farmer, Alexandra L. Schober, Elizabeth Krizman, Michael B. Robinson, Keith K. Murai
Summary: Astrocytes play essential roles in the health and disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The interactions between astrocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells promote astrocytic maturation. The presence of both neurons and endothelial cells has a greater effect on maturation than either cell alone.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Andrea Ocharan-Mercado, Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza, Yaneth Castro-Coronel, Leonor C. Acosta-Saavedra, Luisa C. Hernandez-Kelly, Daniel Hernandez-Sotelo, Arturo Ortega
Summary: Despite efforts in treating neurodegenerative diseases, little is known at the molecular level. Neurons are sensitive to loss of gene expression control, and proper protein homeostasis is crucial. RNA-binding proteins play a key role in post-transcriptional control, and disruptions in their levels or function are linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. The connection between RBPs and neurodegenerative diseases opens up potential new therapeutic targets.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jzmin Soto-Verdugo, Janisse Siva-Parra, Luisa C. Hernandez-Kelly, Arturo Ortega
Summary: This study demonstrates that short-term exposure to Manganese affects protein synthesis, altering the protein repertoire of glial cells.
Article
Neurosciences
Dinorah Hernandez-Melchor, Leticia Ramirez-Martinez, Luis Cid, Cecilia Palafox-Gomez, Esther Lopez-Bayghen, Arturo Ortega
Summary: EAAT1/GLAST in glial cells down-regulates its expression and function at the transcriptional level by activating a signaling pathway that includes PI3K, PKC, and NF-kappa B, favoring the notion of an activity-dependent fine-tuning of glutamate recycling and its synaptic transactions through glial cells.
