Article
Immunology
Siqi Gong, Samir K. Lakhashe, Dinesh Hariraju, Hanna Scinto, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Elisabetta Cameroni, Davide Corti, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Kenneth A. Rogers, Peng Xiao, Jane Fontenot, Francois Villinger, Ruth M. Ruprecht
Summary: This study demonstrates that combining suboptimal antibody defenses at systemic and mucosal levels can yield synergy and completely prevent virus acquisition.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kevin S. White, Joshua A. Walker, John Wang, Patrick Autissier, Andrew D. Miller, Nadia N. Abuelezan, Rachel Burrack, Qingsheng Li, Woong-Ki Kim, Kenneth C. Williams
Summary: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, comorbidities such as neurocognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain prevalent among people living with HIV. This study investigates the co-development of cardiac pathology and CNS pathology in SIV-infected rhesus macaques, demonstrating a strong correlation with activated myeloid cells. Similar observations were confirmed in HIV-infected individuals, highlighting the need for adjunctive therapies targeting macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Bapi Pahar, Wayne Gray, Marissa Fahlberg, Brooke Grasperge, Meredith Hunter, Arpita Das, Christopher Mabee, Pyone Pyone Aye, Faith Schiro, Krystle Hensley, Aneeka Ratnayake, Kelly Goff, Celia LaBranche, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D. Tomaras, C. Todd DeMarco, David Montefiori, Patricia Kissinger, Preston A. Marx, Vicki Traina-Dorge
Summary: By using a varicella virus-vectored SIV vaccine and protein boosts, this study demonstrated a 37.5% efficacy rate against pathogenic SIV challenge in a rhesus macaque model by generating neutralizing antibodies, binding antibodies, and polyfunctional T-cell responses.
Article
Immunology
Samir K. Lakhashe, Mario Amacker, Dinesh Hariraju, Hemant K. Vyas, Kyle S. Morrison, Joshua A. Weiner, Margaret E. Ackerman, Vicky Roy, Galit Alter, Guido Ferrari, David C. Montefiori, Georgia D. Tomaras, Sheetal Sawant, Nicole L. Yates, Chris Gast, Sylvain Fleury, Ruth M. Ruprecht
Summary: The efficacy of a virosomal vaccine was evaluated in Indian-origin rhesus macaques. The vaccine provided 87% protection against low-dose SHIV challenge, but this protection was lost when the challenge dose was increased. Analysis of plasma and vaginal washes indicated that the protection was associated with specific antibody phenotypes and binding capabilities.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benjamin D. Varco-Merth, William Brantley, Alejandra Marenco, Derick D. Duell, Devin N. Fachko, Brian Richardson, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Danica Shao, Walter Flores, Kathleen Engelman, Yoshinori Fukazawa, Scott W. Wong, Rebecca L. Skalsky, Jeremy Smedley, Michael K. Axthelm, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Jacob D. Estes, Paul T. Edlefsen, Louis J. Picker, Cheryl M. A. Cameron, Timothy J. Henrich, Afam A. Okoye
Summary: Inhibiting mTOR can decrease the proliferation of CD4(+)TM cells, but chronic mTOR inhibition alone or in combination with T cell activation is not sufficient to disrupt the stability of the SIV reservoir.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nongthombam Boby, Alyssa Ransom, Barcley T. Pace, Kelsey M. Williams, Christopher Mabee, Arpita Das, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Edith Porter, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Increased production of TGF-beta was observed in intestinal CD3(-)CD20(-)CD68(+) cells from SIV-infected rhesus macaques, which negatively correlated with the frequency of jejunum CD4(+) T cells. Disruption of a negative feedback loop mediated by SMAD7 may enhance TGF-beta production and SMAD-dependent signaling in SIV infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yongjun Sui, Jianping Li, Roushu Zhang, Sunaina Kiran Prabhu, Hanne Andersen, David Venzon, Anthony Cook, Renita Brown, Elyse Teow, Jason Velasco, Jack Greenhouse, Tammy Putman-Taylor, Tracey-Ann Campbell, Laurent Pessaint, Ian N. Moore, Laurel Lagenaur, Jim Talton, Matthew W. Breed, Josh Kramer, Kevin W. Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M. Nagata, Mark G. Lewis, Lai-Xi Wang, Jay A. Berzofsky
Summary: Comparing two adjuvanted subunit vaccines in rhesus macaques, the study found that both vaccines were effective in protecting against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 exposure, despite potential differences in mucosal and systemic protective mechanisms. The mucosal vaccine was shown to be safe after multiple doses, efficiently clearing the input virus from the nasal cavity, and may serve as a potent complementary boost to conventional systemic vaccines for overall better protection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristina Zlatina, Sebastian P. Galuska
Summary: Most extracellular proteins undergo sugar chain post-translational modification, which not only affects the activity of carrier proteins but also has bioactivity on its own. The diverse glycosylation patterns of lactoferrin from different sources and their impact on functionality are discussed in this review, with a focus on the differences between human and bovine lactoferrin and their potential effects on therapeutic approaches.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Widade Ziani, Anya Bauer, Hong Lu, Xiaolei Wang, Xueling Wu, Katharine J. Bar, Hui Li, Dongfang Liu, George M. Shaw, Ronald S. Veazey, Huanbin Xu
Summary: The newly developed SHIV.C.CH848 can establish sustained viremia and viral reservoirs in rhesus macaques with clinical immunodeficiency consequences, providing a valuable SHIV model for HIV research. The findings suggest that this CCR5-tropic, SHIVC strain is valuable for testing responses to HIV vaccines and therapeutics in nonhuman primate models.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Anya Bauer, Emily Lindemuth, Francesco Elia Marino, Ryan F. Krause, Jaimy Joy, Steffen P. Docken, Suvadip Mallick, Kevin M. McCormick, Clinton J. Holt, Ivelin A. Georgiev, Barbara C. Felber, Brandon A. Keele, Ronald C. Veazey, Miles A. Davenport, Hui C. Li, George A. Shaw, Katharine C. Bar
Summary: This study reported the generation of a minimally adapted virus, SHIV.C.CH505.v2, which has enhanced replication fitness and preserved native Env properties. It can be used as a new reagent for nonhuman primate studies of HIV-1 transmission, pathogenesis, and cure.
Article
Immunology
Naofumi Takahashi, Amir Ardeshir, Gerard E. Holder, Yanhui Cai, Chie Sugimoto, Kazuyasu Mori, Mariluz Arainga, Ziyuan He, Yayoi Fukuyo, Woong-Ki Kim, Elizabeth S. Didier, Marcelo J. Kuroda
Summary: Increased monocyte turnover was found to have a stronger correlation and contribution to decreased survival time in SIV/SHIV-infected rhesus macaques compared to CD4(+) T-cell decline, plasma viral load, or virus strain. A monocyte turnover rate of 13.2% was identified as the initial significant threshold that best predicted decreased survival time.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Julian B. Hattler, Derek L. Irons, Jiangtao Luo, Woong-Ki Kim
Summary: This study found that in the brain during SIV pathogenesis, there was an increase in the number of CCR5+ CD8 T cells and a downregulated CCR5 expression on infected PVMs, likely through ERK1/2-driven, clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nongthombam Boby, Xuewei Cao, Alyssa Ransom, Barcley T. Pace, Christopher Mabee, Monica N. Shroyer, Arpita Das, Peter J. Didier, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Edith Porter, Qiuying Sha, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Research has shown that under SIV infection, intestinal epithelial regeneration decreases, certain cell types increase, and differentially expressed genes in important pathways are downregulated. Despite the lack of significant reduction in stem cell population, dysregulation of intestinal stem cell niche factors, presence of inflammatory factors, and loss of epithelial barrier function, suggest that SIV infection impacts epithelial cell proliferation and intestinal homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Francoise Haeseleer, Yoshinori Fukazawa, Haesun Park, Benjamin Varco-Merth, Blake J. Rust, Jeremy Smedley, Karsten Eichholz, Christopher W. Peterson, Rosemarie Mason, Hans-Peter Kiem, Mario Roederer, Louis J. Picker, Afam A. Okoye, Lawrence Corey
Summary: CAR T cell therapy targeting HIV reservoirs shows high efficacy in vitro but fails to expand and exhibit antiviral activity in vivo in preclinical studies. Host immune responses against CAR T cells, including antibody responses inhibiting CAR T cell effector functions, may contribute to this in vivo discrepancy.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Widade Ziani, Jiasheng Shao, Angela Fang, Patrick J. Connolly, Xiaolei Wang, Ronald S. Veazey, Huanbin Xu
Summary: This study found that integrin blockade did not decrease viral infection, replication, or reduce the size of viral reservoirs in tissues of rhesus macaques after SIV infection. Additionally, administration of TR-14035 in acute SIV infection resulted in higher viremia and more rapid disease progression. These results suggest that integrin blockade alone is not effective in controlling viral infection, replication, dissemination, and reservoir establishment in HIV-1/SIV infection.
Article
Virology
Iris Faerber, Johannes Krueger, Cheila Rocha, Federico Armando, Maren Von Koeckritz-Blickwede, Stefan Poehlmann, Armin Braun, Wolfgang Baumgartner, Sandra Runft, Nadine Krueger
Summary: Several animal species have been found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the susceptibility of many species remains unknown. This study investigated the susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 by using primary cell cultures from their respiratory tracts. The study also examined the expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in the respiratory tracts of these animals. The results showed that dogs and hamsters were susceptible to infection, while ferrets and ungulate species were not.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Irena Trbojevic-Akmacic, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, David Falck, Erdmann Rapp
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Markus Hoffmann, Georg M. N. Behrens, Prerna Arora, Amy Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Anne Cossmann, Luis Manthey, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Stefan Poehlmann
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Kristin Metzdorf, Henning Jacobsen, Marina C. Greweling-Pils, Markus Hoffmann, Tatjana Lueddecke, Felicitas Miller, Lars Melcher, Amy M. Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Dunja Bruder, Marek Widera, Sandra Ciesek, Stefan Poehlmann, Luka Cicin-Sain
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global health threat and requires urgent development of new antiviral strategies. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has shown a preference for cathepsin L instead of TMPRSS2 for cell entry, raising concerns about the suitability of TMPRSS2 inhibitors for Omicron variant treatment. However, this study demonstrates the crucial role of TMPRSS2 in the replication and spread of both Beta and Omicron variants in mice, highlighting TMPRSS2 as a potential target for antiviral intervention.
Article
Microbiology
Heike Hofmann-Winkler, Abdul Rahman Siregar, Nesil Esiyok, Ignacio Rodriguez-Polo, Sabine Gaertner, Ruediger Behr, Stefan Poehlmann, Michael Winkler
Summary: The capacity of Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV1), Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV2), and Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (CeHV2) to infect human and non-human primate cells were investigated. The results highlight the partial resistance of certain rhesus macaque cells to HSV1/HSV2/CeHV2 infection and reveal similarities in cell tropism between McHV1 and PaHV2.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nadine Kruger, Thales Kronenberger, Hang Xie, Cheila Rocha, Stefan Pohlmann, Haixia Su, Yechun Xu, Stefan A. A. Laufer, Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
Summary: The development of direct-acting antiviral drugs is necessary due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. In this study, natural products were tested for their ability to inhibit the main protease M-pro of SARS-CoV-2. Some compounds were found to effectively inhibit M-pro and exhibited antiviral properties without cytotoxicity. The compound robinetin was able to form a covalent interaction with the catalytic site of M-pro.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Burock, Samanta Cajic, Rene Hennig, Falk F. R. Buettner, Udo Reichl, Erdmann Rapp
Summary: Glycosylation, especially N-glycosylation, is a common protein modification with significant importance in various fields. Accurate N-glycan analysis is essential, but challenging due to the complexity of the glycosylation process. Contamination with oligosaccharide impurities (OSIs) can further complicate the analysis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefanie Reiter, Sabine Gaertner, Katharina Decker, Stefan Poehlmann, Michael Winkler
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lucrezia Morticelli, Charlotte Rossdam, Samanta Cajic, Dietmar Boethig, Mikhail Magdei, Sugat Ratna Tuladhar, Bjoern Petersen, Konrad Fischer, Erdmann Rapp, Sotirios Korossis, Axel Haverich, Angelika Schnieke, Heiner Niemann, Falk F. R. Buettner, Andres Hilfiker
Summary: The study investigates the immunogenicity of porcine tissue in xenotransplantation by analyzing the glycome and glycosphingolipidome of porcine pericardia with different genetic deletions. The results show that the removal of specific epitopes changes the distribution and levels of other potentially immunogenic porcine glycans.
XENOTRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Virology
Carina Elsner, Gwenllian A. Appeltrath, Margarethe Konik, Janine Parreuter, Martina Broecker-Preuss, Adalbert Krawczyk, Stefan Esser, Stefanie Sammet, Christina B. Karsten
Summary: Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to false-positive HIV screening tests, possibly due to cross-reactive antibodies between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and HIV-1 envelope protein. In a case study, an individual with convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection tested false positive in both HIV screening and confirmatory tests, which lasted for at least 3 months. No additional cases of HIV test interference were identified in a cohort of 66 individuals with post-COVID-19 follow-up.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Samanta Cajic, Rene Hennig, Valerian Grote, Udo Reichl, Erdmann Rapp
Summary: As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be revealed, the complexity of glycan structures cannot be overlooked. A new integrative approach was developed to fully characterize glycan structures, bridging the gap between different glycoanalytical methods. The capabilities of this approach were demonstrated through detailed structural analysis of complex N-glycans and the discovery of new targets that were previously difficult to identify.
Letter
Immunology
Inga Nehlmeier, Amy Kempf, Prerna Arora, Anne Cossmann, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Metodi V. Stankov, Sebastian R. Schulz, Hans-Martin Jaeck, Georg M. N. Behrens, Stefan Poehlmann, Markus Hoffmann
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Cell Biology
Markus Hoffmann, Yeonhwa Jin, Stefan Pohlmann
