Article
Food Science & Technology
Kai Zhang, Steven Tan, David Xu
Summary: This study applied stable isotope dilution and LC-MS/MS method to analyze multiple mycotoxins in dried fruits. Cryogenic grinding and fortification of carbon-13 labeled internal standards were used for sample preparation, and good recoveries and stability were achieved in various matrices. Troubleshooting procedures such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and elution gradient were evaluated to improve the detectability of mycotoxins, and the identity of the detected mycotoxins was confirmed using enhanced product ion scans and spectral library matching.
Article
Agronomy
Valentina Spanic, Marko Maricevic, Ivica Ikic, Michael Sulyok, Hrvoje Sarcevic
Summary: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease that causes economic losses and reduces grain quality in cereals, such as wheat. The study analyzed 216 wheat samples infected with FHB using LC-MS/MS and found that certain mycotoxins/metabolites, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), were highly prevalent. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins/metabolites was high, and their potential toxic effects should be considered. The results highlight the importance of analyzing modified and emerging mycotoxins/metabolites in future mycotoxin monitoring programs.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ann-Kristin Rausch, Robert Brockmeyer, Tanja Schwerdtle
Summary: The study developed a two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for analyzing multiple food contaminants and residues in cereals, including various mycotoxins and pesticides. Validation results showed good linearity, recovery rates, and stability for most analytes, but some analysis results were unsatisfactory for certain substances.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ilona Sadok, Agnieszka Szmagara, Agnieszka Krzyszczak
Summary: This paper presents a method for determining patulin in berries and stone fruits using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and QuEChERS pretreatment. The method was successfully validated for various fruit matrices and showed a high incidence of patulin contamination in moldy fruit samples.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Buket Er Demirhan, Burak Demirhan
Summary: The study analyzed 85 cereal-based baby foods with or without milk for mycotoxins, TAMB, and Enterobacteriaceae contamination. At least one mycotoxin was found in 69.41% of the samples, with STE and HT-2 being the most frequently detected. AFM1 was not detected in any baby foods with milk. TAMB and Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 30.59% and 10.59% of the samples, respectively. The mycotoxin levels in the analyzed samples were compliant with the Turkish Food Codex.
Article
Electrochemistry
Marco Bonechi, Walter Giurlani, Andrea Stefani, Andrea Marchetti, Massimo Innocenti, Claudio Fontanesi
Summary: The electrochemical oxidation of resorcinol was experimentally investigated on platinum, palladium, and glassy carbon electrodes. Extensive electrochemical characterization was conducted, and the results were integrated with complementary chromatographic analytical techniques: LC-DAD and LC-MS. It was demonstrated that resorcinol can efficiently and easily polymerize during electrochemical oxidation, forming a polymer film with good adhesion on the electrode surface.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Maria Teresa Senatore, Antonio Prodi, Francesco Tini, Virgilio Balmas, Alessandro Infantino, Andrea Onofri, Eleonora Cappelletti, Safa Oufensou, Michael Sulyok, Lorenzo Covarelli, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: This study assessed the evolution of fungal communities associated with durum wheat using different diagnostic approaches. The results showed that qPCR was the best method for predicting mycotoxin contamination in grains for some Fusarium species. The presence of Alternaria and Fusarium mycotoxins, particularly enniatins, was found in the grain harvested in central Italy, while deoxynivalenol was mainly detected in northern-central Italy.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Borja Munoz-Solano, Elena Gonzalez-Penas
Summary: Mycotoxins are a major concern for food safety, as their exposure in animals can lead to health problems, economic losses, and contamination of animal-derived foods. This study used a revalidated methodology to analyze mycotoxins in animal plasma samples, finding that the prevalence of STER was high but levels were low in the analyzed feed. Animal biomonitoring can be a useful tool in assessing mycotoxin exposure, but more research is needed on appropriate biomarkers and analytical methods.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elizabet Janic Hajnal, Janja Babic, Lato Pezo, Vojislav Banjac, Radmilo Colovic, Jovana Kos, Jelena Krulj, Katarina Pavsic-Vrtac, Breda Jakovac-Strajn
Summary: This study investigated the effects of extrusion processing parameters on the reduction of various mycotoxins in whole grain triticale flour. The optimal conditions for lowering toxin concentrations were found to be specific screw speed, feed rate, and moisture content. This study provides insights on the fate of mycotoxins during extrusion processing.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Katarina Sunic, Tihomir Kovac, Ante Loncaric, Jurislav Babic, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Georg Drezner, Valentina Spanic
Summary: This study aimed to identify the impact of epidemic FHB conditions on mycotoxin levels in unprocessed wheat and found that environmental variation plays a significant role in the production of Fusarium mycotoxins. The results also demonstrated differences in mycotoxin accumulation between natural infection and artificial Fusarium inoculation treatments.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Natasa P. Kalogiouri, Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis, Maria G. Maggalou, George S. Karaoglanidis, Victoria F. Samanidou, Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
Summary: A simple and rapid analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in apples. Through optimization of microwave-assisted extraction, the method demonstrated superiority in extraction efficiency and rapidity compared to the QuEChERS sample preparation method.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Biancamaria Ciasca, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Mareike Reichel, Michelangelo Pascale, Antonio F. Logrieco, Veronica M. T. Lattanzio
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of dust sampling method at industrial scale for detecting multiple mycotoxins in grains. The research findings indicate that dust sampling and mycotoxin analysis is a rapid and non-destructive approach for identifying wheat commodities compliant to the maximum permitted levels.
Article
Plant Sciences
Stefania Sut, Mario Malagoli, Stefano Dall'Acqua
Summary: This study evaluated the influences of silicon foliar application on berry composition in four grapevine cultivars. Results showed that silicon induced cultivar specific changes in berry composition, such as significant increase in anthocyanins in Oseleta cultivar, increased proline levels in Garganega, and decreased tartaric acid in Chardonnay.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ann-Kristin Rausch, Robert Brockmeyer, Tanja Schwerdtle
Summary: A fast high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry multi-method based on an ACN-precipitation extraction was developed for the analysis of 41 (modified) mycotoxins in beer. Validation according to the performance criteria revealed good linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery. The analysis found that the majority of beer samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Seavchou Laut, Saranya Poapolathep, Onuma Piasai, Sujinda Sommai, Nattawut Boonyuen, Mario Giorgi, Zhaowei Zhang, Johanna Fink-Gremmels, Amnart Poapolathep
Summary: The study examined different fungal species in commercial rice samples using conventional culture techniques, molecular and phylogenic analyses. Mycotoxin production and contamination were also analyzed. The results showed that A. niger and T. pinophilus were commonly occurring fungal species in rice samples, and mycotoxins such as OTA and beauvericin were detected. These findings are important for hazard analysis control by food suppliers and highlight the need to focus on A. niger toxins and T. pinophilus metabolites in rice consumption.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Gabriela Maia Danielski, Alberto Goncalves Evangelista, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano, Renata Ernlund Freitas de Macedo
Summary: Meat and meat products are susceptible to pathogenic or spoilage bacteria, causing economic losses and public health threats. Non-conventional microorganisms and biometabolites have potential for bio protection, improving the quality and safety of meat products.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alberto Goncalves Evangelista, Jessica Audrey Feijo Correa, Anne Caroline Schoch Marques Pinto, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
Summary: Population growth affects global food supply by demanding higher production efficiency without expanding farmland due to limited land resources and biodiversity loss. The intense use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production has been linked to antimicrobial resistance rise, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and limiting treatment options. Essential oils and essential oil components have been studied as potential alternatives to antibiotics in animal production, showing antimicrobial effectiveness and potential for improving zootechnical indexes and modulating genes involved in resistance mechanisms.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Victor Dopazo, Carlos Luz, Juan M. Quiles, Jorge Calpe, Raffaele Romano, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca
Summary: The study revealed that four lactic acid bacteria strains have antifungal activity against grape contaminant fungi, with L. plantarum E3 fermented CFS showing the best reduction in growth of Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus ochraceus in grapes.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raquel Torrijos, Tiago Melo Nazareth, Jorge Calpe, Juan Manuel Quiles, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca
Summary: This study found that natamycin has antifungal effects against Penicillium strains and the two applications on Mozzarella cheese slices significantly decreased the population of P. commune while extending the shelf life of the cheese. The use of natamycin-containing hydroxyethylcellulose films may be a viable alternative to direct applications on cheese, offering a biodegradable antifungal system without compromising food safety.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jessica Audrey Feijo Correa, Tiago de Melo Nazareth, Giuseppe Meca, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
Summary: This study developed a rapid and affordable bacterial screening assay for detecting ochratoxin A (OTA) degradation capability, saving costs.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Paula Llorens, Renata Pietrzak-Fiecko, Juan Carlos Molto, Jordi Manes, Cristina Juan
Summary: Validated extraction methods are necessary for obtaining suitable bioaccessibility studies of mycotoxins in bakery products. The bakery industry produces bread with different ingredients to enrich its nutritional properties and protect it from fungal growth. Therefore, an extraction method was developed to analyze the legislated mycotoxins in digested phases of two types of bread.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raquel Torrijos, Tiago de Melo Nazareth, Pilar Vila-Donat, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca
Summary: This study investigated the antifungal properties of fermented mustard extracts against Fusarium fungus. The fermented yellow mustard, fermented by L. plantarum strains, showed significant inhibition of Fusarium species growth in vitro. Additionally, the fermented mustard extract demonstrated strong antimycotoxigenic activity, significantly reducing the content of FB1 and completely eliminating FB2 in contaminated corn ears.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Laura Escriva, Fojan Agahi, Pilar Vila-Donat, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca, Lara Manyes
Summary: The presence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products is a significant issue. This study evaluated the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) in bread and investigated the effects of milk whey and pumpkin in reducing mycotoxins bioaccessibility. The results showed that pumpkin powder was the most effective in reducing AFB1 and OTA bioaccessibility, followed by whey, fermented whey, and the combination of pumpkin-fermented whey. These findings suggest that pumpkin and milk whey could be potential bioactive ingredients for the bakery industry.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Paula Llorens Castello, Ana Juan-Garcia, Juan Carlos Molto Cortes, Jordi Manes Vinuesa, Cristina Juan Garcia
Summary: This study evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of three legislated mycotoxins in two breads. The presence of other components and the co-presence of mycotoxins were found to affect the final bioavailability.
Article
Agronomy
Mario Masiello, Romy El Ghorayeb, Stefania Somma, Carine Saab, Giuseppe Meca, Antonio F. Logrieco, Wassim Habib, Antonio Moretti
Summary: This study investigated fungal contamination in durum wheat kernels from Lebanon and identified the prevalent Alternaria species. Although no contamination by Alternaria mycotoxins was detected, the potential risk of mycotoxin accumulation remains high due to the widespread occurrence of toxigenic Alternaria species on kernels.
PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nuria Dasi-Navarro, Manuel Lozano, Sabrina Llop, Ana Esplugues, Alessandra Cimbalo, Guillermina Font, Lara Manyes, Jordi Manes, Pilar Vila-Donat
Summary: Mycotoxin contamination in food is a global health concern. This study developed a sensitive method using LC-Q-TOF-MS for the simultaneous determination of targeted mycotoxins and the detection of untargeted ones in urine samples. The method was successfully applied to confirm internal exposure in women.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Laura Escriva, Jorge Calpe, Carla Lafuente, Ana Moreno, Leonardo Musto, Giuseppe Meca, Carlos Luz
Summary: This study evaluated the reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) during bread making by Lactobacillus strains isolated from goat milk whey. The results showed that the selected lactobacilli strains effectively reduced AFB1 and OTA, suggesting a potential biocontrol strategy for mycotoxin detoxification in bread and bakery products.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tiago de Melo Nazareth, Jorge Calpe, Carlos Luz, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca
Summary: This study aimed to isolate, identify, characterize, and quantify novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antifungal activity from natural sources and develop a meat product ingredient. The screening process involved assessing the antifungal activity of isolated bacteria using overlay and agar diffusion assays. The most active bacteria-free supernatants (BFS) were further quantified using the microdilution method. A meat broth with high antifungal activity was selected for ingredient preparation, and antifungal compounds were identified in the fermented meat broth. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus were the most promising LAB, with P. pentosaceus C15 producing nonanoic acid and phenyl ethyl alcohol, as well as higher levels of lactic and acetic acid.
