Review
Immunology
Tian-Yu Lei, Ying-Ze Ye, Xi-Qun Zhu, Daniel Smerin, Li-Juan Gu, Xiao-Xing Xiong, Hong-Fei Zhang, Zhi-Hong Jian
Summary: Recent research has highlighted the significant role of T cells in both the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke, with potential therapeutic approaches focusing on modulating the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of T cells. Understanding the immune responses, especially T cell responses, in the post-stroke recovery period may provide new directions for treatments beyond tissue plasminogen activator therapy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chandan Chauhan, Ravinder Kumar Kaundal
Summary: Stroke is a debilitating condition with limited treatment options. Understanding the pathophysiology of stroke is crucial for developing more effective therapies. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays a central role in the poststroke immune response, regulating important processes such as immune cell activation, cytokine production, and tissue regeneration. Modulating this pathway shows potential in improving stroke outcomes, but challenges like specificity and off-target effects need to be addressed.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Austin P. Passaro, Abraham L. Lebos, Yao Yao, Steven L. Stice
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurological disorders, with recent recognition of the importance of interactions between central and peripheral immune cells. Traditional approaches often separate these systems, but there is significant crosstalk between central and peripheral immune cells in the context of neurological disorders. Targeting these interactions may offer a potential improved therapeutic strategy for addressing failures in clinical translation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yinzhong Ma, Shilun Yang, Qianyan He, Dianhui Zhang, Junlei Chang
Summary: Following a cerebral ischemic event, substantial alterations in both cellular and molecular activities occur due to ischemia-induced cerebral pathology. Mounting evidence indicates that immune cells play a central role in stroke, influencing processes such as neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier disruption, and tissue repair mechanisms. Understanding the diverse roles of immune cells in neural tissue repair post-stroke may help identify potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies to improve functional rehabilitation after stroke.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Huaguo Tang, Yuanjie Gu, Lei Jiang, Gang Zheng, Zhuoer Pan, Xiugui Jiang
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition worldwide. The immune response plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration and functional recovery from SCI. New biological technologies have allowed for more precise classification of the heterogeneity of immune components. This review focuses on the roles of various immune cells and chemicals in SCI and summarizes clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies and promising therapeutic drugs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Chunyan Liu, Chenchen Liu, Rong Fu
Summary: This review examines the role and contribution of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the human immune response, as well as its potential application value in the treatment of autoimmune responses and inflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kailin Yang, Tingting Bao, Jinsong Zeng, Shanshan Wang, Xiao Yuan, Wang Xiang, Hao Xu, Liuting Zeng, Jinwen Ge
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with unclear pathogenesis but involving inflammatory cascade. Current clinical practice focuses on restoring blood supply to the affected area through thrombolytic therapy, but reperfusion further accelerates damage and causes ischemia-reperfusion injury.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Ya Wang, Anthony S. McLean
Summary: This article is one of the reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2022, providing the latest information in the field. Other selected articles can be found online.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Yaru Wu, Zhenling Ma, Yanyan Zhang, Min Zhang, Xixi Shi, Menghao Zhang, Wenwen Zhang, Wei Liu
Summary: Cyclophilins (Cyps), a subgroup of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) with a highly conserved domain, play important roles in various intracellular signaling pathways and are implicated in the development of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Their involvement in viral infection as regulators of intercellular communication has attracted increasing attention, as viral proteins can target specific motifs of Cyps to manipulate infection outcomes.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhipeng Zhao, Lu Feng, Xuerun Peng, Tingnan Ma, Rongsheng Tong, Lei Zhong
Summary: Epigenetic alterations, particularly the abnormal activation of SETDB1, have been linked to tumour immune evasion and immune checkpoint blockade resistance. SETDB1 is a histone methyltransferase that plays a crucial role in tumourigenesis and progression, as well as immune regulation. It deposits H3K9me3 on tumour-suppressive genes, retrotransposons, and immune genes, leading to the unfavourable prognosis of multiple malignant tumours. SETDB1-targeted therapy shows promise in cancer treatment, especially immunotherapy, due to its regulatory effects on endogenous retroviruses. However, challenges such as potential side effects and the lack of selective and potent antagonists remain.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yueqi Qiu, Xingyu Zhou, Yu Liu, Siqi Tan, Yaping Li
Summary: SLE is a potentially fatal multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by abnormal immune responses, and SIRT1, as a key regulator in immune cells, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Fabio Morandi, Alberto Leonardo Horenstein, Fabio Malavasi
Summary: NAD(+) is a crucial molecule in metabolic processes, with CD38 playing a key role in immunosuppression in various types of tumors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yifan Zhu, Yingying Luo, Ling Li, Xinyi Jiang, Yi Du, Jing Wang, Huilin Li, Haiyan Gu, Daiying Li, Heng Tang, Houbing Qin, Changdi Xu, Yan Liu, Deyu Zhao, Yun Guo, Feng Liu
Summary: This study analyzed the microbiome and transcriptome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with MPP and found that the progression of MPP is associated with the host immune response, especially the intrinsic immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tomasz M. Grzywa, Dominika Nowis, Jakub Golab
Summary: CECs play diverse roles in immune response, from affecting vulnerability to infectious diseases in neonates, regulating feto-matemal tolerance in pregnant women, to influencing immune response in patients with cancer. Their mechanisms include suppressing proinflammatory responses, decreasing T-cell proliferation and promoting T-cell differentiation into regulatory T-cells.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lena Bourhy, Aurelien Mazeraud, Fernando A. Bozza, Guillaume Turc, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Tarek Sharshar
Summary: This article discusses the interaction between stroke and the immune system, with a focus on the modulatory role of peripheral inflammatory signaling in post-stroke inflammation and the impact of peripheral inflammatory response on the central nervous system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Elisa De Paolis, Ida Paris, Bruno Tilocca, Paola Roncada, Laura Foca, Giordana Tiberi, Tatiana D'Angelo, Francesco Pavese, Margherita Muratore, Luisa Carbognin, Giorgia Garganese, Riccardo Masetti, Alba Di Leone, Alessandra Fabi, Giovanni Scambia, Andrea Urbani, Daniele Generali, Angelo Minucci, Concetta Santonocito
Summary: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes accounting for a significant portion of hereditary breast cancer. Classifying variants accurately is important for risk-reducing surgeries, treatment planning, and familial surveillance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Filippo Lococo, Luca Boldrini, Charles-Davies Diepriye, Jessica Evangelista, Camilla Nero, Sara Flamini, Angelo Minucci, Elisa De Paolis, Emanuele Vita, Alfredo Cesario, Salvatore Annunziata, Maria Lucia Calcagni, Marco Chiappetta, Alessandra Cancellieri, Anna Rita Larici, Giuseppe Cicchetti, Esther G. C. Troost, Adany Roza, Nuria Farre, Ece Ozturk, Dominique Van Doorne, Fausto Leoncini, Andrea Urbani, Rocco Trisolini, Emilio Bria, Alessandro Giordano, Guido Rindi, Evis Sala, Giampaolo Tortora, Vincenzo Valentini, Stefania Boccia, Stefano Margaritora, Giovanni Scambia
Summary: The LANTERN project aims to develop predictive models based on the integration of multi-omics data for early detection, improved tumor diagnosis, and personalized treatment protocols.
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Salvatore Musumeci
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Ahmed Qureshi, Francesco Torelli, Salvatore Musumeci, Alberto Reatti, Andrea Mazza, Gianfranco Chicco
Summary: Maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) is a control system used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maintain the operation at the most effective conditions for maximum power output. This paper presents the effective application of a novel adaptive control approach in the field of power electronics, specifically for MPPT using a non-inverted Buck-Boost converter. The control methodology is based on the application of Lyapunov stability concepts and is compared to existing controllers to confirm its strength and accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Salvatore Musumeci, Vincenzo Barba
Summary: This article critically reviews the advantages and drawbacks of high-electron-mobility transistors based on gallium nitride technology compared with silicon and silicon carbide MOSFETs in power converters. It discusses high-voltage and low-voltage device applications, indicating the most suitable area of use for these innovative power switches and providing perspective for the future. A general survey on the applications of gallium nitride technology in DC-DC and DC-AC converters is conducted, considering the expected improvements and issues for higher switching transient speed achievable.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
G. Griva, S. Musumeci, R. Bojoi, P. Zito, S. Bifaretti, A. Lampasi
Summary: This paper presents the analysis and topology selection for the power supplies of the two DTT equatorial in-vessel coils for plasma vertical stabilization and fast radial control. The adopted topology, based on cascaded H-bridge converters with IGBTs, is simulated by means of a simplified circuital model, that also consider the plasma disruptions. The simulation results show that vertical stabilization and fast radial control functions can be simultaneously achieved with two identical power converters and a passive imbalance branch by using a specific current control scheme.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
A. Lampasi, S. Pipolo, R. Albanese, R. Ambrosino, S. Bifaretti, R. Bojoi, V. Bonaiuto, A. Castaldo, M. Caldora, A. Cocchi, M. Di Pietrantonio, G. Griva, C. R. Lopes, M. Manganelli, S. Minucci, S. Musumeci, R. Romano, C. Terlizzi, A. Trotta, P. Zito
Summary: The DTT facility was originally designed to study plasma power exhaust, but it can also be used to advance tokamak power supply technology, such as testing innovative solutions for ITER and DEMO. This paper focuses on the power supply systems of DTT, discussing the challenges and new solutions.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lucia Musacchio, Serena Boccia, Claudia Marchetti, Angelo Minucci, Floriana Camarda, Chiara Cassani, Jole Ventriglia, Vanda Salutari, Viola Ghizzoni, Elena Giudice, Maria Teresa Perri, Maria Vittoria Carbone, Caterina Ricci, Sandro Pignata, Anna Fagotti, Giovanni Scambia, Domenica Lorusso
Summary: This study evaluated the differences in survival outcomes in patients with BRCA variants of unknown significance, mutated, and wild type relapsed ovarian cancer treated with PARPi. The results showed that patients with BRCA mutations had significantly longer progression-free survival compared to those with BRCA wild type or variants of unknown significance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Eleonora Cesari, Alessandra Ciucci, Marco Pieraccioli, Cinzia Caggiano, Camilla Nero, Davide Bonvissuto, Francesca Sillano, Marianna Buttarelli, Alessia Piermattei, Matteo Loverro, Floriana Camarda, Viviana Greco, Maria De Bonis, Angelo Minucci, Daniela Gallo, Andrea Urbani, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Giovanni Scambia, Claudio Sette
Summary: High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a highly lethal form of cancer, and there is a need for targeted therapies and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. CDK12 and CDK13 have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in HGSOC, but their effects and potential synergy with other drugs are not well understood.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria De Bonis, Francesco Mannavola, Lisa Salvatore, Elisa De Paolis, Camilla Nero, Luciano Giaco, Giampaolo Tortora, Felice Giuliante, Andrea Urbani, Giovanni Scambia, Nicola Normanno, Angelo Minucci
Summary: This study reports a case of an iCCA patient enrolled in the FPG500 program and screened through the OFA/AFL testing workflow. A pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 gene was unexpectedly detected during the OFA genomic testing. This case highlights the diagnostic capabilities of CGP in both clinical practice and academic research and raises attention to the role of BRCA genes in biliary tract cancers. Finally, considering the confirmation of the germline origin of the BRCA1 c.5278-2del variant through orthogonal testing, the germline implications of CGP need to be considered.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Antonio Travaglino, Angela Santoro, Damiano Arciuolo, Antonio Raffone, Giulia Scaglione, Nicoletta D'Alessandris, Michele Valente, Stefania Sfregola, Caterina Fulgione, Maria Elisabetta Onori, Angelo Minucci, Gian Franco Zannoni
Summary: Here, we present a case study of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with a sertoliform pattern. The histological examination revealed a distinct sertoliform component with specific molecular characteristics, including a germline BRCA2 mutation. This suggests that the sertoliform pattern can be a part of the morphological spectrum of BRCA-related HGSC.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Paola Concolino, Elisa De Paolis, Simona Moffa, Maria Elisabetta Onori, Laura Soldovieri, Claudio Ricciardi Tenore, Maria De Bonis, Claudio Rabacchi, Concetta Santonocito, Martina Rinelli, Sebastiano Calandra, Andrea Giaccari, Andrea Urbani, Angelo Minucci
Summary: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commonly used for clinical purposes and can effectively identify copy number variations (CNVs) and small-scale alterations in FH-related genes. In an Italian family, a novel large deletion in the LDLR gene involving exons 4-18 was identified through bioinformatic analysis of NGS data. The use of NGS as a cost-effective and efficient molecular approach meets the clinical need for personalized diagnosis in FH cases.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Filippo Scrimizzi, Federica Cammarata, Giuseppe D'Agata, Gabriele Nicolosi, Salvatore Musumeci, Santi Agatino Rizzo
Summary: The push for vehicle electrification and digitalization is growing due to the goals of sustainability, wellness, safety, and reliability. Power electronics are needed for different types of electric vehicles, as well as for onboard Internet of Things items and systems implementing artificial intelligence. Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are the best technology for efficient and compact power electronics converters in this transition. Experimental investigations have shown that GaN-based solutions offer lower overall converter cost and higher efficiency compared to Si devices in automotive applications. GaN HEMT is therefore the most sustainable solution.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vincenzo Barba, Salvatore Musumeci, Marco Palma, Radu Bojoi
Summary: In motor drive applications, GaN transistors are being widely used as inverter switching devices due to their advanced dynamic characteristics. A strategy for reducing dead time in GaN FETs based half-bridge is proposed, taking into account the voltage slope signs and current variation. Experimental tests on different phase current levels are performed to demonstrate the reduction of commutation losses in the reverse conduction of GaN FET-based inverter leg.
2023 IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, APEC
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Fabio Mandrile, Michele Pastorelli, Salvatore Musumeci, Inaki Amilleta Urkiri, Adrian Remirez
Summary: This article discusses the importance of battery storage management in electric naval applications and focuses on the second-life storage battery systems for electric ships. It presents a modular converter-battery approach that allows for control of electrical quantities and monitoring of the battery's health status. The advantages of this approach include cost savings and the integration of multiple battery technologies.