Article
Microbiology
Andrew Foey, Neama Habil, Alex Strachan, Jane Beal
Summary: This study found that the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) selectively modulates epithelial barrier integrity, pathogen sensing, and inflammatory cytokine profile. The specific effects depend on the subset of macrophages and their activation status.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Hoang Thuy Linh, Yasunori Iwata, Yasuko Senda, Yukiko Sakai-Takemori, Yusuke Nakade, Megumi Oshima, Shiori Nakagawa-Yoneda, Hisayuki Ogura, Koichi Sato, Taichiro Minami, Shinji Kitajima, Tadashi Toyama, Yuta Yamamura, Taro Miyagawa, Akinori Hara, Miho Shimizu, Kengo Furuichi, Norihiko Sakai, Hiroyuki Yamada, Katsuhiko Asanuma, Kouji Matsushima, Takashi Wada
Summary: Impairment of intestinal barrier function is associated with the progression of diabetic kidney disease, and abnormal MAVS signaling in the kidney and intestine contributes to disrupted intestinal homeostasis. Controlling intestinal homeostasis may offer a novel therapeutic approach for diabetic kidney disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Florian Tomal, Guillaume Sadrin, Pauline Gaboriaud, Edouard Guitton, Laura Sedano, Nathalie Lallier, Christelle Rossignol, Thibaut Larcher, Elodie Rouille, Mireille Ledevin, Rodrigo Guabiraba, Anne Silvestre, Sonia Lacroix-Lamande, Catherine Schouler, Fabrice Laurent, Francoise I. Bussiere
Summary: The study investigates the role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of severe Eimeria tenella infection. Results indicate that microbiota may trigger an acute inflammatory response, leading to loss of intestinal integrity and increased likelihood of opportunistic infections. Modulating the microbiota may offer a promising strategy for improving poultry gut health and limiting caecal coccidiosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yang Cheng, Tyler R. Hall, Xiao Xu, Ivy Yung, Donald Souza, Jie Zheng, Felix Schiele, Matthias Hoffmann, M. Lamine Mbow, James P. Garnett, Jun Li
Summary: This study reveals that the coordinated upregulation of uPA and uPAR in IBD mucosa is associated with the breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Inhibiting the interaction between uPA and uPAR through genetic and pharmacological approaches can protect the epithelial barrier. Additionally, uPAR deficiency enhances EGF/EGFR signaling, promoting epithelial homeostasis and repair.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jin Wan, Li Zhang, Zheng Ruan
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of EPI supplementation on intestinal barrier integrity in mice. The results showed that EPI supplementation decreased serum diamine oxidase activity and (D)-lactic acid concentration, increased tight junction protein abundance, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Additionally, EPI enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced cell apoptosis.
Article
Immunology
Yan-hua Wang
Summary: Bacterial translocation can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and ensuring the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is crucial for prevention. Early diagnosis, intervention, or prevention of bacterial translocation may be a new avenue in the treatment of various diseases. Elimination of the primary disease, maintaining blood and oxygen supply to the intestine, and selective digestive decontamination are key in treatment.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Serek, Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak
Summary: The intestinal barrier, composed of cells, mucus, and microbiota, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Disturbances in its tightness can lead to a range of issues, including systemic infections and autoimmune diseases. Zonulin, a protein found in epithelial cells, plays a key regulatory role.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yujing Cui, Samuel Kumi Okyere, Pei Gao, Juan Wen, Suizhong Cao, Ya Wang, Junliang Deng, Yanchun Hu
Summary: The study demonstrated that Ageratina adenophora impaired intestinal function in rats by causing pathological changes and injury, reducing occludin levels, triggering an inflammation immune response, and leading to intestinal immune barrier dysfunction.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katia Anunciacao Costa, Marina Chaves de Oliveira, Leticia Maria de Souza Cordeiro, Cynthia Honorato Val, Fabiana Simao Machado, Simone Odilia Antunes Fernandes, Valbert Nascimento Cardoso, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Ana Leticia Malheiros Silveira, Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of a high-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet on small intestine changes. Male BALB/c mice were fed an HC diet for 8 weeks, and it was found that although there were no significant differences in body weight gain, mice fed the HC diet exhibited adiposity and metabolic alterations. However, there were no significant changes observed in intestinal integrity, tight junction protein expression, intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation.
Review
Cell Biology
Raquel Linares, Ruben Frances, Ana Gutierrez, Oriol Juanola
Summary: This review explores the impact of bacterial antigen translocation, intestinal barrier permeability, host immune response, and genetic predisposition on the inflammatory response observed in CD patients. Evidence suggests that bacterial products translocating leads to uncontrolled inflammation in CD patients, with gut bacterial genomic fragments serving as a marker for increased risk of relapse.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
O. A. Afolabi, T. M. Akhigbe, R. E. Akhigbe, B. A. Alabi, O. T. Gbolagun, M. E. Taiwo, O. O. Fakeye, E. O. Yusuf
Summary: This study investigated the role of caspase 3 in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IIRI) and the impact of methanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MMOLE) in IIRI. The results showed that MMOLE can alleviate IIRI-induced intestinal and hepatic injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and bacterial translocation. MMOLE protected against IIRI through its bioactive molecules, such as hydrazine, 9-octadecenoic acid, 1,3-dioxolane, oleic acid, and nonadecanoic acid.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sujin Kang, Jaekyung Kim, Areum Park, Minsoo Koh, Wonji Shin, Gayoung Park, Taeyun A. Lee, Hyung Jin Kim, Heonjong Han, Yongbo Kim, Myung Kyung Choi, Jae Hyung Park, Eunhye Lee, Hyun-Soo Cho, Hyun Woo Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Sungwook Lee, Boyoun Park
Summary: The authors found that TRIM40, an E3 ligase, disrupts cortical actin formation and leads to loss of epithelial barrier integrity. Genetic loss of TRIM40 is protective against experimental colitis in male mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Irina Efremova, Roman Maslennikov, Aliya Alieva, Elena Poluektova, Vladimir Ivashkin
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) affects the prognosis in cirrhosis. A total of 50 patients were included in this prospective cohort study and underwent lactulose hydrogen breath test for SIBO. The results showed that SIBO is associated with poor prognosis in cirrhosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luigi Sansone, Antonio de Iure, Mario Cristina, Manuel Belli, Laura Vitiello, Federica Marcolongo, Alfredo Rosellini, Lisa Macera, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Carlo Tomino, Stefano Bonassi, Matteo A. Russo, Fabrizio Maggi, Patrizia Russo
Summary: The study investigates the effects of nicotine on inflammatory cytokines expression in cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nicotine increases the levels of cytokines and induces severe cellular damage, ruling out its protective role in COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Neha Sharma, Mohd Shariq, Neha Quadir, Jasdeep Singh, Javaid A. Sheikh, Seyed E. Hasnain, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham
Summary: The PE6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis interacts with TLR4 on macrophages to activate the NF kappa B signaling pathway, leading to secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, PE6 induces apoptosis through activation of Caspases and endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response pathways. Interestingly, PE6 also suppresses autophagy and binds DNA, potentially aiding in virulence.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
