Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Pinar-Gutierrez, Cristina Garcia-Fontana, Beatriz Garcia-Fontana, Manuel Munoz-Torres
Summary: Recent scientific evidence suggests that obese patients, especially those with higher visceral adipose tissue content, have an increased risk of fractures. This contradicts the belief that obesity offers protection against fractures. Obesity can accentuate age-related changes in older individuals, leading to a higher risk of falls and fractures. Factors such as chronic proinflammatory status, altered adipokine secretion, vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, and reduced mobility contribute to the greater risk in obese older individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Bogdan, Andreea-Daniela Meca, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Carmen Nicoleta Oancea, Roxana Kostici, Marin Valeriu Surlin, Cristina Florescu
Summary: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, but can be cured if detected early and treated effectively. Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis promote tumor development through metabolic dysregulation, while appropriate immune response limits tumor growth. Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), a member of the long pentraxin subfamily, plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. PTX-3 has both pro- and anti-tumor functions, making it a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irma Martha Medina-Diaz, Nestor Ponce-Ruiz, Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-Garcia, Jose Francisco Zambrano-Zargoza, Yael Y. Bernal-Hernandez, Cyndia Azucena Gonzalez-Arias, Briscia S. Barron-Vivanco, Jose Francisco Herrera-Moreno
Summary: Studies have shown a close relationship between PON1, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer, while the study of PON1 gene expression remains challenging. Targeting PON1, redox-sensitive pathways, and transcription factors holds promise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Danze Chen, Shijia Hao, Jianzhen Xu
Summary: The study explores the relationship between circRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and cancer, finding an inverse correlation in certain cancer types. CircRNAs associated with AD diagnosis and severity were negatively correlated in more cancer types, suggesting a common pathogenesis involving inflammation signaling. The study identified hub nodes in the circRNA-miRNA-target network and highlighted the relevance of inflammation signaling for potential therapeutic targeting of circRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Mariagrazia Piscione, Mariangela Mazzone, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Raffaella Muraro, Gabriella Mincione
Summary: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death in developed countries, mainly caused by Helicobacter pylori which is considered a type I carcinogen. The development of gastric cancer involves a progression from gastritis to intestinal metaplasia and eventual adenocarcinoma, with steps including chronic non-atrophic gastritis triggered by H. pylori infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Shuang Wu, Tianye Li, Weiwei Liu, Yongye Huang
Summary: Cell death induction has gained popularity as a novel cancer treatment, with ferroptosis being a newly discovered form of cell death that shows potential for further research in its complex relationship with cancer. Exosomes can be utilized in ferroptosis-based therapy by delivering different molecules to modulate cancer cells and cell death pathways, offering promising possibilities for cancer treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, Ji Hyeop Kang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Jae Won Jeong, Hyun Woo Kim, Dong Hoon Oh, Seung Hyeon Yoon, Sun Jin Hur
Summary: This article highlights the effects of meat intake and fermented foods on gut microbiota and their role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota can influence CRC through various mechanisms, including toxin secretion, activation of carcinogenic enzymes, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the composition of gut microbiota plays a role in antioxidant activities, antimicrobial effects, and inhibition of pathogen colonization.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Josh McGovern, Ross D. Dolan, Claribel P. L. Simmons, Louise E. Daly, Aoife M. Ryan, Derek G. Power, Donogh Maguire, Marie T. Fallon, Barry J. Laird, Donald C. McMillan
Summary: This study found a relationship between serum LDH level, phenotypic/aetiologic diagnostic GLIM criteria, and survival in patients with advanced cancer.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez, Mario Perez-Medina, Dolores Aguilar-Cazares, Miriam Galicia-Velasco, Manuel Meneses-Flores, Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez, Angel Camarena, Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
Summary: This text discusses how pathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body, triggering acute inflammatory reactions for efficient elimination of harmful substances. Chronic inflammation, if sustained, can lead to cancer development by increasing genomic instability and creating a tumor-promoting environment. The immune system plays a crucial role in eliminating transformed cells, but excessive inflammation may amplify local damage and hinder immune response.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Rinonapoli, Valerio Pace, Carmelinda Ruggiero, Paolo Ceccarini, Michele Bisaccia, Luigi Meccariello, Auro Caraffa
Summary: Obesity leads to higher bone mineral density, but also an increased risk of fracture due to multiple factors such as metabolic issues and a higher risk of falls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Dallin Lowder, Kinza Rizwan, Collin McColl, Alyssa Paparella, Michael Ittmann, Nicholas Mitsiades, Salma Kaochar
Summary: Prostate cancer has the largest health disparity in the US, with Black men having a significantly higher risk of dying from prostate cancer compared to other races. This disparity is influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, environmental exposures, and genetics/biology. While improving healthcare access is important, it will not fully eliminate racial health disparities in prostate cancer outcomes. Biology also plays a crucial role, with significant differences observed in prostate cancer biology between ancestral groups.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sule Kocabas, Nevin Sanlier
Summary: The incidence of cancer increases with aging due to shared molecular pathways. While genetics only accounts for about 20-25% of human lifespan, epigenetic changes play a significant role in individual health and aging. Both genetic and environmental factors, including diet, can modify aging and age-related diseases. Epigenetics shows promise in preventing and managing certain cancers and diseases, with specific nutritional components having a significant impact on gene regulatory processes.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Alexandre Neto, Adelaide Fernandes, Andreia Barateiro
Summary: Obesity is a global epidemic caused by various factors and with multiple mechanisms involved. It is not only about fat accumulation but also related to inflammation, metabolic regulation, and neuronal inflammation. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and it has the potential to be a modifiable risk factor. However, further research is needed to fully understand the complex relationship between obesity and neurodegeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
A. Losada-Garcia, S. A. Cortes-Ramirez, M. Cruz-Burgos, M. Morales-Pacheco, Carlos D. Cruz-Hernandez, Vanessa Gonzalez-Covarrubias, Carlos Perez-Plascencia, M. A. Cerbon, M. Rodriguez-Dorantes
Summary: Neoplasic transformation is a continuous process that the immune system can recognize and suppress, but transformed cells can evade immune defenses and progress into tumors. Hormones can modulate the immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancer.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonio Nesci, Claudia Carnuccio, Vittorio Ruggieri, Alessia D'Alessandro, Angela Di Giorgio, Luca Santoro, Antonio Gasbarrini, Angelo Santoliquido, Francesca Romana Ponziani
Summary: Several studies have shown that gut microbiota-host interactions are important for human health and disease, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis is linked to inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as cardiovascular risk factors like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity. The gut microbiota affects cardiovascular risk through metabolic pathways, and translocation of bacteria and their products from the intestines into the systemic circulation contributes to the pro-inflammatory conditions underlying cardiovascular disorders. This review aims to describe the complex interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the development of cardiovascular diseases, as well as potential interventions to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce cardiovascular risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Rheumatology
Maria De Santis, Antonio Voza, Victor Savevski, Salvatore Badalamenti, Maurizio Cecconi, Alberto Mantovani, Carlo Selmi
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Elena Azzolini, Chiara Pozzi, Luca Germagnoli, Bianca Oresta, Nicola Carriglio, Mariella Calleri, Carlo Selmi, Maria De Santis, Silvia Finazzi, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Alexia Bertuzzi, Francesca Motta, Angela Ceribelli, Alberto Mantovani, Fabrizio Bonelli, Maria Rescigno
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been effective in healthy individuals, but some vulnerable patients may have a diminished response. A booster dose of vaccine can induce a good immune response in most patients, except those receiving anti-CD20 antibody.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Paolo Corradini, Chiara Agrati, Giovanni Apolone, Alberto Mantovani, Diana Giannarelli, Vincenzo Marasco, Veronica Bordoni, Alessandra Sacchi, Giulia Matusali, Carlo Salvarani, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Renato Mantegazza, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Maria Teresa Lupo-Stanghellini, Fabio Ciceri, Silvia Damian, Antonio Uccelli, Daniela Fenoglio, Nicola Silvestris, Fausto Baldanti, Giulia Piaggio, Gennaro Ciliberto, Aldo Morrone, Franco Locatelli, Valentina Sinno, Maria Rescigno, Massimo Costantini
Summary: This study investigated the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with tumors and immune disorders. The results showed that immunosuppressive treatment was a risk factor for a low humoral response, while the booster dose improved both humoral and T-cell responses.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davit Pipoyan, Seda Stepanyan, Meline Beglaryan, Alberto Mantovani
Summary: This study aimed to assess the dietary exposure of the adult population in Yerevan, Armenia to nickel. Based on a total diet study and analysis, fruits, vegetables, and bread were identified as the main sources of nickel intake. The estimated chronic dietary exposure was below the safety standards for both age and gender groups, suggesting low health risks. However, acute oral exposure to nickel may pose potential health concerns for sensitized individuals.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberto Mantovani, Cecilia Garlanda
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alberto Mantovani, Maria Rescigno, Guido Forni, Francesca Tognon, Giovanni Putoto, Jerry Ictho, Peter Lochoro
Summary: This article reviews the modes of action of COVID-19 vaccines, including innate immunity, trained innate immunity, and mucosal responses. It also discusses the inequality in access to vaccines and vaccine-related immunological research in Africa. The authors argue that strengthening immunology research in Africa can provide insights into fundamental aspects of vaccination, including the relevance of genetics, trained innate immunity, and microbiome diversity.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marco Erreni, Francesca D'Autilia, Roberta Avigni, Evangelia Bolli, Sana M. Arnouk, Kiavash Movahedi, Pieterjan Debie, Achille Anselmo, Raffaella Parente, Cecile Vincke, Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen, Paola Allavena, Cecilia Garlanda, Alberto Mantovani, Andrea Doni, Sophie Hernot, Jo A. Van Ginderachter
Summary: Nanobodies (Nbs) have been identified as an elegant alternative to conventional monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy, but there is a lack of detailed microscopic insight into the in vivo pharmacokinetics of different Nb formats in tumor-bearers, especially for the targeting of pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) located in less penetrable tumor regions.
Article
Oncology
Nina Cortese, Roberta Carriero, Marialuisa Barbagallo, Anna Rita Putignano, Guido Costa, Fabio Giavazzi, Fabio Grizzi, Fabio Pasqualini, Clelia Peano, Gianluca Basso, Sergio Marchini, Federico Simone Colombo, Cristiana Soldani, Barbara Franceschini, Luca Di Tommaso, Luigi Terracciano, Matteo Donadon, Guido Torzilli, Paolo Kunderfranco, Alberto Mantovani, Federica Marchesi
Summary: Two M4 markers associated with opposite clinical relevance were identified through single-cell analysis, indicating the importance of improved classification and prognostic classifiers for patients with colorectal liver metastasis.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mattia Loppini, Marco Di Maio, Roberta Avigni, Roberto Leone, Antonio Inforzato, Guido Grappiolo, Alberto Mantovani, Barbara Bottazzi
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of synovial and plasmatic PTX3 in hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The results showed that synovial PTX3 had high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing PJI, while plasmatic PTX3 failed to differentiate infected from non-infected patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Diletta Di Mitri, Fabio Conforti, Alberto Mantovani
Summary: In the microenvironment of prostate bone metastasis, macrophages activate a cascade involving Activin A, the extracellular matrix, and SRC kinase, leading to resistance against anti-androgen therapy. These findings have broad implications, including metastasis diversity in different tissue milieus and the interplay between hormones and immunity.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jonathan Muri, Valentina Cecchinato, Andrea Cavalli, Akanksha A. A. Shanbhag, Milos Matkovic, Maira Biggiogero, Pier Andrea Maida, Jacques Moritz, Chiara Toscano, Elaheh Ghovehoud, Raffaello Furlan, Franca Barbic, Antonio Voza, Guendalina De Nadai, Carlo Cervia, Yves Zurbuchen, Patrick Taeschler, Lilly A. Murray, Gabriela Danelon-Sargenti, Simone Moro, Tao Gong, Pietro Piffaretti, Filippo Bianchini, Virginia Crivelli, Lucie Podesvova, Mattia Pedotti, David Jarrossay, Jacopo Sgrignani, Sylvia Thelen, Mario Uhr, Enos Bernasconi, Andri Rauch, Antonio Manzo, Adrian Ciurea, Marco B. L. Rocchi, Luca Varani, Bernhard Moser, Barbara Bottazzi, Marcus Thelen, Brian A. Fallon, Onur Boyman, Alberto Mantovani, Christian Garzoni, Alessandra Franzetti-Pellanda, Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Davide F. Robbiani
Summary: We found that antibodies against specific chemokines are commonly present in COVID-19 convalescents and are associated with favorable disease outcomes and a decreased risk of long COVID development at 1 year post-infection. These chemokine antibodies are also found in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune disorders, but target different chemokines compared to COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies derived from COVID-19 convalescents that bind to the chemokine N-loop impair cell migration. Naturally occurring chemokine antibodies may modulate the inflammatory response and have therapeutic potential.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Damiano Chiari, Barbara Pirali, Vittoria Perano, Roberto Leone, Alberto Mantovani, Barbara Bottazzi
Summary: This article investigates the role of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in immune dysregulation, tissue remodeling, and oncogenesis, and finds that PTX3 may be a common factor underlying nodular thyroid disease, thyroid cancer, and autoimmune thyroid disorders.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elena Azzolini, Maximiliano Mollura, Chiara Pozzi, Leonardo Ubaldi, Alberto Mantovani, Carlo Selmi, Riccardo Barbieri, Maria Rescigno
Summary: An important issue often ignored is the discrepancy in medical treatment response between male and female genders. COVID-19 vaccine administration has revealed that females tend to experience more adverse events compared to males despite following identical protocols. Through logistic regression analysis of adverse events in 2385 healthcare workers receiving the Comirnaty vaccine, we found that age, sex, COVID-19 history, and BMI may contribute to the development of adverse events, particularly in young subjects, females, and individuals with a BMI below 25 kg/m(2). Furthermore, partial dependence plots indicate a 50% probability of mild adverse events lasting for a long period (>= 7 days) or any duration of severe adverse events in women below 40 years old with a BMI < 20 kg/m(2). Given that this effect is more prominent after the second vaccine dose, we propose adjusting the vaccine dosage for additional booster doses based on age, sex, and BMI to reduce adverse events without compromising vaccine efficacy.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Simone Sforza, Valeria Emma Palmieri, Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Giandomenico Roviello, Alberto Mantovani, Umberto Basso, Maria Carmen Affinita, Alberto D'Angelo, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Marco Carini, Andrea Minervini, Lorenzo Masieri
Summary: This study reviewed the literature on robotic surgery in Wilms' tumor and reported the first case of adult WT management using both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and robotic strategy.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Law
Sari Autio, Herman Koeter, Mar Carretero, Anthony Hardy, Alberto Mantovani
Summary: This article presents the external evaluations conducted by an international committee on the scientific risk assessment and decision-making processes of the Netherlands Competent Authority for the authorization of plant protection products and biocides (Ctgb) in 2013 and 2018. Based on the experience gained from these evaluations, a general guidance for such visitations is suggested. The article emphasizes the importance of openness and transparency during the visitation process, as well as the value of focusing on recommendations and constructive suggestions instead of searching for mistakes and omissions. It is also recommended to conduct follow-up evaluations to maintain a high-level scientific output. Furthermore, in light of the push towards harmonization of regulatory practices for hazardous chemicals across the European Union, a voluntary evaluation of regulatory authorities' scientific performance is suggested as a means for organizational learning.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RISK REGULATION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Xinru Zhou, Yin Jia, Chuanbin Mao, Shanrong Liu
Summary: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), such as exosomes, have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and promising drug delivery vehicles in tumor progression. They can serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and as drug carriers for cancer treatment.
Article
Oncology
Ruochan Chen, Ju Zhu, Xiao Zhong, Jie Li, Rui Kang, Daolin Tang
Summary: The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, with HMGB1 serving as a key regulator in these processes.
Article
Oncology
Zongfu Pan, Xixuan Lu, Tong Xu, Jinming Chen, Lisha Bao, Ying Li, Yingying Gong, Yulu Che, Xiaozhou Zou, Zhuo Tan, Ping Huang, Minghua Ge
Summary: This study uncovered the emerging role of HN1 in promoting dedifferentiation of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. HN1 negatively regulated the thyroid differentiation markers and had an inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activation of CTCF, thereby influencing the chromatin accessibility of thyroid differentiation genes.
Article
Oncology
Yi Qin, Shengjun Xiong, Jun Ren, Gautam Sethi
Summary: Autophagy plays an important regulatory role in glioblastoma, and its dysregulation can lead to drug resistance and radioresistance. It also affects stem cell characteristics, overall growth, and metastasis. Therefore, autophagy is a promising target for glioblastoma therapy.
Article
Oncology
Katsuya Nagaoka, Xuewei Bai, Dan Liu, Kevin Cao, Joud Mulla, Chengcheng Ji, Hongze Chen, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Amalia Bay, William Mueller, Grace Hildebrand, Jin-Song Gao, Shaolei Lu, Hiroko Setoyama, Yasuhito Tanaka, Jack R. Wands, Chiung-Kuei Huang
Summary: This study found that serum 2-OG levels in cholangiocarcinoma patients are associated with the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Patients with progressive disease showed significantly higher levels of serum 2-OG compared to stable disease and partial response patients. The study also revealed that overexpression of ASPH mimics the effects of 2-OG, and knockdown of ASPH improves chemotherapy. Targeting ASPH enhances the effects of chemotherapy by modulating ATM and ATR, two key regulators of DDRs.