Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dean M. Wingerchuk, Claudia F. Lucchinetti
Summary: Neuromyelitis Optica and its spectrum is a relapsing demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, encompassing six syndromes and associated with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Effective treatment is able to prevent relapses.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dean M. Wingerchuk, Claudia F. Lucchinetti
Summary: Neuromyelitis Optica, previously known as Devic's disease, is a relapsing demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that encompasses six syndromes and is associated with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Effective treatment is crucial in preventing relapses.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ke Shang, Chang Cheng, Chuan Qin, Jun Xiao, Gang Deng, Bi-Tao Bu, Sha-Bei Xu, Dai-Shi Tian
Summary: This case report is the first to describe a demyelination illness associated with anti-flotillin autoantibodies, showing characteristics of both neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease and multiple sclerosis. Although it currently seems to be a subtype of MS, there is still a possibility that it may be distinct from both MS and NMOSD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Oliver Schmetzer, Elisa Lakin, Ben Roediger, Ankelien Duchow, Susanna Asseyer, Friedemann Paul, Nadja Siebert
Summary: This study examined the role of anti-AQP4-IgG in patients with Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The results suggest that anti-AQP4-IgG may not play a predominant role in driving NMOSD, but rather may be associated with the disease and could be a relevant factor in only a subgroup of patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Damato, Jakob Theorell, Adam Al-Diwani, Anne-Kathrin Kienzler, Mateusz Makuch, Bo Sun, Adam Handel, Deniz Akdeniz, Antonio Berretta, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Andrew Fower, Daniel Whittam, Emily Gibbons, Nicholas McGlashan, Edward Green, Saif Huda, Mark Woodhall, Jacqueline Palace, Fintan Sheerin, Patrick Waters, Maria Leite, Anu Jacob, Sarosh R. Irani
Summary: This study reveals the relationship between clinical relapses and germinal center activity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), and shows that rituximab can suppress germinal center activity and reduce the production of AQP4 antibodies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Liang Wang, Lei Du, Qinying Li, Fang Li, Bei Wang, Yuanqi Zhao, Qiang Meng, Wenyu Li, Juyuan Pan, Junhui Xia, Shitao Wu, Jie Yang, Heng Li, Jianhua Ma, Jingzi ZhangBao, Wenjuan Huang, Xuechun Chang, Hongmei Tan, Jian Yu, Lei Zhou, Chuanzhen Lu, Min Wang, Qiang Dong, Jiahong Lu, Chongbo Zhao, Chao Quan
Summary: This study investigates the predictors of relapse, and severe visual or motor disability in patients with NMOSD and develops corresponding predictive models. Early identification of patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes is crucial for informing treatment decisions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sean J. Pittock, Michael Barnett, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Achim Berthele, Jerome de Seze, Michael Levy, Ichiro Nakashima, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Jacqueline Palace, Friedemann Paul, Carlo Pozzilli, Marcus Yountz, Kerstin Allen, Yasmin Mashhoon, Ho Jin Kim
Summary: The CHAMPION-NMOSD study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ravulizumab in adult patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Ravulizumab, which has a longer half-life compared to eculizumab, significantly reduced relapse risk in these patients.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ren Wei, Xiaolu Xu, Yunyun Duan, Ningnannan Zhang, Jie Sun, Haiqing Li, Yuxin Li, Yongmei Li, Chun Zeng, Xuemei Han, Fuqing Zhou, Muhua Huang, Runzhi Li, Zhizheng Zhuo, Frederik Barkhof, James H. Cole, Yaou Liu
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical significance of deep learning-derived brain age prediction in NMOSD and RRMS. The results showed that both NMOSD and RRMS patients had a significantly higher brain age gap compared to healthy controls. The brain age gap was associated with baseline disability score, advanced brain volume loss, and disease duration. Additionally, the brain age gap predicted the worsening of disability status in both NMOSD and RRMS patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Koon-Ho Chan, Chi-Yan Lee
Summary: NMOSD is an autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects females, leading to serious CNS inflammatory disorders. The pathogenesis involves AQP4-IgG autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4, triggering astrocytopathy and neuroinflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yi Bu, Heng Liu, XuDong Qian, Fan Sun, ChengBo Li, Jingzhe Han
Summary: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) is a debilitating autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The relationship between harboring an infection and NMOSD is currently unclear and needs further investigation. This article reports meningoencephalitis-like manifestations in a patient with serum AQP4 antibody-positive area postrema syndrome (APS), suggesting a possible association with NMOSD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Tingjun Chen, Dale B. Bosco, Yanlu Ying, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: NMO is an autoantibody-triggered neuro-inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spinal cord and optic nerve. Studies have shown significant microglial activation in NMO lesions, indicating a potential role for microglia in NMO pathology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Er-Chuang Li, Yang Zheng, Meng-Ting Cai, Qi-Lun Lai, Gao-Li Fang, Bing-Qing Du, Chun-Hong Shen, Yin-Xi Zhang, Long-Jun Wu, Mei-Ping Ding
Summary: Seizure is a manifestation of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, aquaporin 4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Seizures can occur in both the acute and nonacute phases of these diseases, with a higher frequency observed in MOGAD. Factors such as concomitant systemic infections, earlier onset, and greater disease activity increase the risk of seizures in MS, while cerebral cortical encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis-like phenotypes indicate a greater seizure risk in MOGAD. Immunotherapy and antiseizure medications are the mainstay of treatment for seizures secondary to these diseases.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Leung-Wah Yick, Oscar Ka-Fai Ma, Ethel Yin-Ying Chan, Krystal Xiwing Yau, Jason Shing-Cheong Kwan, Koon-Ho Chan
Summary: NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the CNS mediated by AQP4-IgGs. In a mouse model of NMOSD, dysregulated Tfh cells play a role in the pathogenesis, and targeting Tfh cells can ameliorate the symptoms of NMOSD.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jin Young Kim, Hye Jeong Oh, Yuntae Kim, Jin Myoung Seok
Summary: This report describes a rare case of a patient with ALS who developed NMOSD 4 years after being diagnosed with ALS. The patient was bedridden with a tracheostomy due to ALS at the time of NMOSD onset. Despite receiving high dose methylprednisolone, the patient experienced pain relief but no improvement in leg weakness. Psychological follow-up is recommended for patients with ALS who are at risk of developing other neurological disorders.
Article
Immunology
Youngho Kim, Donghyun Heo, Moonjeong Choi, Jong-Mok Lee
Summary: A 37-year-old woman experienced paraparesis and paresthesia in both legs after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine and being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Through various tests and treatment, including intravenous methylprednisolone and antiviral agents, the patient regained the ability to walk.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.