Article
Clinical Neurology
Ana Mirallave Pescador, Maria J. Tellez, Maria de los angeles Sanchez Roldan, Gintaute Samusyte, Emily Claire Lawson, Pedro Coelho, Arjel Lejarde, Ajay Rathore, Diane Le, Sedat Ulkatan
Summary: A study successfully recorded brainstem trigeminal-hypoglossal reflexes (THRs) under general anesthesia, with the predominant reflex being the jaw-opening reflex. The findings have important implications for brainstem surgery.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Guglielmo Lucchese, Antje Vogelgesang, Fabian Boesl, Dina Raafat, Silva Holtfreter, Barbara M. Broker, Angela Stufano, Robert Fleischmann, Harald Pruss, Christiana Franke, Agnes Floel
Summary: This study confirmed the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against hypothesized epitopes in COVID-19 patients, with significantly elevated IgG levels in severely ill patients suggesting a pathogenic role. The newly discovered anti-neuronal antibodies may serve as promising markers of severe disease and potentially be used for immunomodulation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmin A. Strickland, Michael A. McDannald
Summary: When faced with potential threat, the brain estimates its probability, responds accordingly, and updates future estimates based on experience. This study used Neuropixels probes to record single-unit activity in different brainstem regions of rats and found that a dorsal hub in the brainstem network signaled threat probability. During the outcome period, neuronal function remapping occurred, leading to brainstem networks that signaled prediction error and shock on multiple timescales.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dena Goldblatt, Stephanie Huang, Marie R. Greaney, Kyla R. Hamling, Venkatakaushik Voleti, Citlali Perez-Campos, Kripa B. Patel, Wenze Li, Elizabeth M. C. Hillman, Martha W. Bagnall, David Schoppik
Summary: Neurons with similar attributes in the nervous system are topographically organized, reflecting developmental pressures. However, the vestibular nuclei, responsible for balance, were thought to be disorganized. Through measuring the activity of birthdated neurons, a functional map within the central vestibular projection nucleus in larval zebrafish was revealed, which stabilizes gaze. The findings suggest that development uncovers hidden organization within the input, processing, and output layers of a conserved vertebrate sensorimotor circuit, and temporal mechanisms may play a role in assembling vertebrate sensorimotor architecture, similar to invertebrates.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mateusz W. Kucharczyk, Francesca Di Domenico, Kirsty Bannister
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between brain-spine pathways that project from the brain to the spinal cord and shows that their ability to inhibit pain depends on their connectivity, revealing a separable function for parallel brain-spine circuits.
Review
Neurosciences
Bimin Liu, Yuxiao Li, Miao Ren, Xiangning Li
Summary: Understanding developmental changes in neurons is crucial for exploring the assembly and maturation of neural circuits in the brain. This review discusses various labeling techniques used to study neurogenesis and morphological changes during early development. The advantages, limitations, and remaining gaps in understanding the structure of neurons in the neonatal mouse brain are highlighted.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte M. Schilling, Eilika Weber-Ban
Summary: A ubiquitin-independent pathway has been discovered that targets nuclear proteins to the proteasome.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Christian R. Burgess, Thomas E. Scammell
Summary: A recent study reveals the significance of dopaminergic nerve terminals in modulating REM sleep and cataplexy, suggesting their potential role in emotional memory processing. This has implications for investigating REM sleep in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Richard A. Gillis, Ghazaul Dezfuli, Lorenza Bellusci, Stefano Vicini, Niaz Sahibzada
Summary: This review summarizes how current understanding of brainstem control of gastric mechanical function has advanced over nearly four decades. Data from various studies suggest that neuronal tracing, drug microinjection, receptor reflexes, and GABAergic signaling all play crucial roles in coordinating brainstem control of the stomach.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Qazi Zeeshan, Sneha Chitra Balasubramanian, Juan P. Carrasco Hernandez, Varadaraya S. Shenoy, Isaac Josh Abecassis, Laligam N. Sekhar
Summary: The case study involves a 37-year-old male patient with a history of left-sided tongue atrophy and weaknesses in the upper limbs. The patient underwent a complex surgery to remove a large tumor compressing the brainstem and spinal cord, resulting in successful recovery and resolution of symptoms. The surgical technique involved careful preservation of cranial nerves and arteries, with informed consent obtained prior to the procedure.
OPERATIVE NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hong-Fei Tai, Tian-Tian Hua, Zai-Qiang Zhang, Yun-Yun Duan, Zhi-Zheng Zhuo, An Wang, Yi Zhou, Shao-Cheng Liu, Shan Lv
Summary: NIID patients exhibit cortical hypoperfusion and deep brain hyperperfusion, with perfusion in the bilateral frontal lobe and cingulate gyrus correlating with the severity of cognitive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Vineet Vijay Gorolay, Ngoc-Anh Tran, Ryan Tade, Kristen Baugnon, Ashley Aiken, Xin Wu
Summary: CT and MRI findings of tongue ptosis and atrophy should raise suspicion for potential hypoglossal nerve pathology. However, these findings cannot accurately determine the exact location and cause of denervation. Understanding the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve is essential in identifying underlying pathology that ranges from benign postoperative changes to life-threatening emergencies. This review provides key imaging findings, anatomical knowledge, imaging optimization, and various examples of pathology affecting the hypoglossal nerve to aid radiologists in detecting and diagnosing tongue ptosis and denervation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julia Ting Bu, Dolores Torres, Adam Robinson, Corey Malone, Juan Carlos Vera, Shadi Daghighi, Anastasie Dunn-Pirio, Suzan Khoromi, Justin Nowell, Gabriel C. Leger, Joseph D. Ciacci, Vanessa S. Goodwill, Melanie Estrella, David G. Coughlin, Yueyang Guo, Nikdokht Farid
Summary: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), a neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations, affects multiple organ systems. Despite diagnostic challenges, understanding the clinical and imaging features can improve accurate and early diagnosis. Three cases of pathologically proven adult-onset NIID are presented, highlighting challenges in diagnosis when MRI does not show typical abnormalities, and the utility of skin biopsy for antemortem diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Madhura S. S. Rao, Hiromi Mizuno, Takuji Iwasato, Hidenobu Mizuno
Summary: In this study, the roles of Ras GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) in cortical circuit formation were explored using the tactile somatosensory pathway in rodents. The results demonstrate the essential roles of RasGAPs in dendritic pattern formation and presynaptic bouton number in the somatosensory cortex.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ethan W. Hass, Zachary A. Sorrentino, Grace M. Lloyd, Nikolaus R. McFarland, Stefan Prokop, Benoit I. Giasson
Summary: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Research has shown that MSA patients have abundant neuronal alpha Syn pathology in specific regions of the brain, which differs from GCIs and may play a role in driving the pathogenesis of MSA.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.