Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nori Geary, Lori Asarian, Gwendolyn Graf, Susanna Gobbi, Philippe N. Tobler, Jens F. Rehfeld, Brigitte Leeners
Summary: This study investigated the effects of obesity and menstrual cycle phase on meal size and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration. The findings showed that women with obesity consumed larger meals and had lower CCK concentrations compared to women with healthy weight. These results suggest that a defect in CCK secretion may compromise satiety in obese women, contributing to the development or maintenance of obesity.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Annika N. Flynn, Peter J. Rogers, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom
Summary: A non-linear association was found between meal caloric intake and meal energy density in real-life meals, with lower energy-dense meals leading to increased caloric intake and higher energy-dense meals leading to decreased caloric intake. This pattern was observed in participants from Argentina and Malaysia, further supporting the theoretical model of meal size.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kaleeckal G. Harikumar, Thomas Coudrat, Aditya J. Desai, Maoqing Dong, Daniela G. Dengler, Sebastian G. B. Furness, Arthur Christopoulos, Denise Wootten, Eduard A. Sergienko, Patrick M. Sexton, Laurence J. Miller
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy for improving obesity treatment by enhancing the action of the CCK receptor, reducing the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. By identifying positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with minimal intrinsic agonist activity and studying their mechanisms of action, it is possible to correct abnormal signaling in high-cholesterol environments and develop more effective drugs. The research focuses on compound 1, a weak partial agonist with PAM activity, which enhances CCK signaling without inducing receptor internalization, providing a potential avenue for developing targeted therapies for metabolic regulation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ting Xiang, Jia-Heng Li, Han-Yu Su, Kun-Hong Bai, Shuang Wang, Richard J. Traub, Dong-Yuan Cao
Summary: Recent studies have found that chronic primary pain often coexists with other disorders. This study investigates whether TMD caused by unilateral anterior crossbite can induce somatic pain hypersensitivity, and whether the cholecystokinin receptor-mediated descending facilitation system promotes hypersensitivity through neuron-glia cell signaling cascade.
Article
Microbiology
Shengya Geng, Qian Li, Xue Zhou, Junkang Zheng, Huimin Liu, Jie Zeng, Ruizhi Yang, Herui Fu, Fanrui Hao, Qianxu Feng, Bin Qi
Summary: This study uncovers the role of bacterial outer membrane proteins in regulating animal nutrient uptake and supports the key role of innate immunity in digestion.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rashmi Chandra, Dipendra K. Aryal, Jonathan D. Douros, Rafiq Shahid, Supriya J. Davis, Jonathan E. Campbell, Olga Ilkayeya, Phillip J. White, Ramona Rodriguez, Christopher B. Newgard, William C. Wetsel, Rodger A. Liddle
Summary: ILDR1 plays a regulatory role in metabolic responses to feeding in mice. Ildr1 deletion increases high fat food intake but reduces weight gain and improves glucose tolerance. ILDR1 improves insulin sensitivity and glucose-regulated insulin secretion in mice.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hana Kahleova, Jaroslav Tintera, Lenka Thieme, Jiri Veleba, Marta Klementova, Michaela Kudlackova, Hana Malinska, Olena Oliyarnyk, Irena Markova, Martin Haluzik, Renata Pavlovicova, Martin Hill, Andrea Tura, Terezie Pelikanova
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different types of meals on brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and satiety, and found differences in thalamus perfusion between patients with T2D and overweight/obese individuals. Plant-based meals had positive effects on GLP-1 secretion and satiety in patients with T2D.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vishwanath T. Anekonda, Benjamin W. Thompson, Jacqueline M. Ho, Zachary S. Roberts, Melise M. Edwards, Ha K. Nguyen, Andrew D. Dodson, Tami Wolden-Hanson, Daniel W. Chukri, Adam J. Herbertson, James L. Graham, Peter J. Havel, Tomasz A. Wietecha, Kevin D. O'Brien, James E. Blevins
Summary: The study demonstrates the significant role of central nervous system oxytocin (OT) in regulating energy balance, particularly showing that OT in the hindbrain is effective at reducing food intake, weight gain, and adiposity. Additionally, it indicates that catecholamine neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) are downstream targets of CNS OT.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela G. G. Dengler, Kaleeckal G. G. Harikumar, Alice Yen, Eduard A. A. Sergienko, Laurence J. J. Miller
Summary: In an effort to develop a drug for obesity, researchers performed a high throughput screening of small molecules to find candidates that can enhance the action of CCK. The study focused on a specific scaffold of tetracyclic molecules and expanded it with commercially available analogs, eliminating off-target effects while retaining its activity as a positive allosteric modulator of CCK1R. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development of potential therapeutic candidates.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sophie C. Hannon, Sarah E. Hillier, Pariyarath S. Thondre, Miriam E. Clegg
Summary: The study found that low energy-dense ready meals can reduce hunger and increase satiety, despite no significant difference in short-term energy intake between meals. Participants consumed less fat and saturated fat but more carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, protein, and salt with the low energy-dense ready meals.
Article
Psychology, Biological
M. Catherine Prater, Alexis R. Scheurell, Chad M. Paton, Jamie A. Cooper
Summary: It is suggested that the type of dietary fat consumed regularly can affect appetite and weight management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet enriched with cottonseed oil (polyunsaturated fat-rich) or olive oil (monounsaturated fat-rich) on appetite responses in adults with high cholesterol. The results showed that cottonseed oil had a greater effect on appetite suppression compared to olive oil, indicating its potential benefits for weight maintenance.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christine C. Hsu, Sunil Bansal, Hong Cao, Coleman Smith, Aiwu Ruth He, Martha D. Gay, Yaoxiang Li, Amrita Cheema, Jill P. Smith
Summary: This study demonstrates that proglumide has similar pharmacokinetic properties and safety in cirrhosis patients as in healthy controls, indicating it is safe to test proglumide as a therapeutic agent in these patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wenqi Zhao, Zhenyang Liu, Zhihong Fan, Yixue Wu, Xinling Lou, Anshu Liu, Xuejiao Lu
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of an apple preload on insulin sensitivity. The results showed that the apple preload reduced blood glucose peak values during breakfast, lunch, and supper, and increased insulin sensitivity during breakfast. Breakfast had the best effect in terms of enhancing insulin sensitivity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sashie Abeywickrema, Mei Peng
Summary: Recent studies have shown that exposure to different portion sizes can influence portion alterations in future meals. This study aimed to explore whether tableware sizes can also affect portion size perception and eating behavior. The results revealed significant changes in post-meal satiety and energy intake for participants served with small or large jars compared to medium-sized jars. While small tableware initially reduced energy intake, it led to increased intake at the following meal and overall daily energy intake. These findings suggest that small tableware may not be an effective long-term solution for addressing overeating and related health issues.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hannah Gilliam-Vigh, Tina Jorsal, Jens F. Rehfeld, Jens Pedersen, Steen S. Poulsen, Tina Vilsboll, Filip K. Knop
Summary: The study found that both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes showed a gradual decrease in CCK mRNA expression and density of CCK cells along the small intestine, with lower levels in the large intestine. There were no significant differences observed in the expression of CCK receptors in the intestines between the two groups.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.