Review
Neurosciences
Davide Warm, Jonas Schroer, Anne Sinning
Summary: During early brain development, the excitation and inhibition mechanisms play important roles in shaping the neocortex and establishing primary functions. The GABAergic system, as a major inhibitory mechanism, promotes the formation and refinement of neuronal circuits, enabling synchronization within cortical networks and region-specific modulation of neuronal firing.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Catherine Fleitas, Pau Marfull-Oromi, Disha Chauhan, Daniel del Toro, Blanca Peguera, Bahira Zammou, Daniel Rocandio, Rudiger Klein, Carme Espinet, Joaquim Egea
Summary: Neuron migration is important in nervous system development, with FLRTs controlling the distribution of cortical inhibitory interneurons through Unc5 receptors, potentially impacting the development of psychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ildiko Piszar, Magor L. Lorincz
Summary: Serotonin plays an important role in regulating sensory inputs in the olfactory cortex by modulating synaptic transmission.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clark W. Bird, Glenna J. Chavez, Megan J. Barber, C. Fernando Valenzuela
Summary: Prenatal ethanol exposure leads to cognitive deficits in rodents through alterations in interneuron function, particularly in the retrosplenial cortex. Acute and long-term effects of ethanol on GABAergic neurotransmission in neonatal and adolescent mice were studied, revealing potential mechanisms underlying learning and memory deficits seen in ethanol-exposed mice.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Aurelie Brecier, Melodie Borel, Nadia Urbain, Luc J. Gentet
Summary: GABAergic inhibitory neurons play a crucial role in regulating cortical circuit activity during the sleep/wake cycle. This study investigated the activity dynamics of PV, VIP, and SST neurons in the somatosensory cortex of sleeping mice. The findings revealed that PV neurons were most active during both REM and NREM sleep, VIP neurons were most active during REM sleep, and the overall activity of SST neurons remained stable throughout the sleep/wake cycle. Furthermore, the study found that ongoing delta and theta oscillations influenced the activity of most neurons, except for SST neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Dooves, Liza M. L. Kok, Dwayne B. Holmes, Nicole Breeuwsma, Marjolein Breur, Marianna Bugiani, Nicole Wolf, Vivi M. Heine
Summary: Using iPSC-derived cultures, researchers found reduced ARX expression, increased neuronal network activity, and altered development of interneurons-particularly parvalbumin lineage-in patients with 4H leukodystrophy, a rare white matter disorder. 4H is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The discovery of the role of RNA polymerase III mutations in 4H has expanded the understanding of the disease beyond its classic phenotype. This study's importance rating is 8 out of 10.
Article
Neurosciences
Johanna Frost Nylen, Ilaria Carannante, Sten Grillner, Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
Summary: The striatum serves as the main input stage of the basal ganglia, with cholinergic (ChIN) and low-threshold spiking interneurons (LTS) forming a subnetwork involved in salience detection and goal-directed learning. Thalamic input preferentially excites ChINs, while input from the motor cortex favors LTS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sazia Sharmin, Jonu Pradhan, Zhe Zhang, Mark Bellingham, David Simmons, Michael Piper
Summary: Disruptions to sulfate supply or sulfation enzymes can impact brain development and function, with PNNs playing a key role in synaptic maturation and plasticity. The study reveals that mice with a mutation in the Slc13a4 gene exhibit abnormalities in social interaction and memory, potentially linked to deficits in PNN biology.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah B. Weinberg-Wolf, Nick Fagan, Olga Dal Monte, Steve W. C. Chang
Summary: The study found that increasing central concentrations of serotonin with the direct precursor 5-HTP impairs the ability of rhesus macaques to flexibly orient and inhibit, particularly inhibiting orienting to face images. The effects of 5-HTP on performance were correlated with physiological changes such as pupil constriction, increased time to initiate trials, and increased reaction time, suggesting a downregulation of arousal and motivational states.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ruihong Wang, Shaojuan Guo, Lixin Yang
Summary: The expression of multiple transcription factors, including tal2, gata2a, and gata3, is associated with the generation of GABAergic neurons in the zebrafish midbrain. Among them, tal2 is crucial for the neurogenesis of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (nMLF), while the function of gata2a and gata3 is dispensable.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmy Tsang, Camilla Orlandini, Rahul Sureka, Alvaro H. Crevenna, Emerald Perlas, Izzie Prankerd, Maria E. Masferrer, Cornelius T. Gross
Summary: In this study, the researchers classified neuron types in the dorsal periaqueductal gray using multiplex in situ sequencing and used cell-type and projection-specific optogenetic stimulation to identify projections from the dorsal periaqueductal gray to the cuneiform nucleus that promote goal-directed flight behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
Martin Field, Istvan P. Lukacs, Emily Hunter, Richard Stacey, Puneet Plaha, Laurent Livermore, Olaf Ansorge, Peter Somogyi
Summary: The study found that specific types of interneurons in the human neocortex, such as rosehip cells and layer 2-3 innervating cells, exhibit larger tonic GABA(A) receptor currents compared to other interneuron types, potentially allowing for selective modulation of cortical circuitry. Patient parameters like age, seizures, cancer type, and anticonvulsant treatment were also examined for their potential influence on tonic inhibitory currents in human neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Carolina Tecuatl, Diek W. Wheeler, Nate Sutton, Giorgio A. Ascoli
Summary: A systematic pipeline is presented to estimate local connection parameters between different neuron types in the hippocampal formation, greatly increasing the available quantitative assessments. The study also provides approximate measurements of synaptic distances, filling substantial gaps in the knowledge and offering useful model specifications for neural network simulations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy Olsen, Andrea R. Hasenstaub
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of different cell types and the differences between onset and offset responses. The results showed that offset responses are generally less depressive than onset responses, and the dynamics of onset responses do not predict the dynamics of offset responses. Different cell types exhibit variations in the dynamics of their onset responses and the prevalence of their offset responses. Response clusters are associated with cell type.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Minh-Duc Hoang, Jean-Baptiste Bodin, Farah Savina, Vincent Steinmetz, Jerome Bignon, Philippe Durand, Gilles Clavier, Rachel Meallet-Renault, Arnaud Chevalier
Summary: CinNapht is a donor-acceptor system formed by fusing a six-membered-diaza ring of cinnoline with naphthalimide dye, exhibiting red shifted fluorophore, large Stoke shift, high fluorescence quantum yield up to 0.33, strong solvatochromic effect, and potential for bio-imaging applications.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.