Article
Optics
Colter Russell, Naibo Jiang, Paul Danehy, Zhili Zhang, Sukesh Roy
Summary: Nonintrusive three-component velocity measurements of free jet flows were conducted using stereoscopic picosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (S-PLEET) at 100 kHz. Key turbulent properties were obtained with high-frequency turbulence properties useful for turbulence modeling and validations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seth A. Schweitzer, Edwin A. Cowen
Summary: This paper introduces a new method called Infrared Quantitative Image Velocimetry (IR-QIV) for high-resolution real-time calculation of velocity fields over large water bodies under most weather conditions, with results showing agreement with acoustic velocity measurements, improving both fixed and mobile platform velocimetry.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ji Yong Shin, Sanguk Lee, Choongsik Bae, Jinyoung Jung, Yousang Son, Hangpyo Heo, Juhun Lee
Summary: This study investigates the impact mechanism of late intake valve closing (LIVC) on particle emissions. The results show that delaying the LIVC timing can reduce particle emissions, increase in-cylinder flow velocity, and decrease the effective compression ratio. By improving mixture formation and initial temperature conditions, the production of particle precursors is reduced, thereby enhancing particle oxidation.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Chun-Yao Yang, Yi-Chih Chow
Summary: In order to design HSV reduction devices or enhance disaster prevention, it is important to understand the influence of external boundary geometries on HSV. This study experimentally investigated the juncture flow field associated with a fundamental geometry and found that a trailing backward-facing step increased the number and complexity of kinematic modes of HSV, while reducing its stretching and enhancing its strength.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Adib Ahmadzadegan, Sayantan Bhattacharya, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Pavlos P. Vlachos
Summary: This paper presents a new approach for estimating the uncertainty in ensemble particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The proposed method, called the moment of probability of displacement (MPD), calculates the uncertainty directly from the probability density function of displacements by finding the second moment. The performance of MPD is evaluated using synthetic and experimental images, and it is shown to have good sensitivity to various PIV error sources and accurately estimate the root mean square (RMS) of the velocity measurement error.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Stefan Hochstein, Anvar Jakupov, Jens-Uwe Schmollack, Daniel Sporer, Veit Wank, Reinhard Blickhan
Summary: Methods of flow visualization are important for studying fluid motion that is not normally visible. This paper presents an alternative light source system based on LEDs, which allows for measurement of flow patterns around swimmers. By comparing flow fields of different swimmers, interesting phenomena can be observed, providing valuable insights into the fluid mechanics of swimming.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ujjawal Arya, Wyatt Peterson, Farshid Sadeghi, Andreas Meinel, Hannes Grillenberger
Summary: This investigation experimentally and analytically studied the oil flow inside an angular contact ball bearing using Bubble Image Velocimetry (BIV). The study developed a counter-rotating angular contact ball bearing test rig (CRACTR) and observed the oil flow using a high-speed camera. The results from the analytical model matched well with the experimental observations and provided valuable information for cage design.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Douglas W. Carter, Bharathram Ganapathisubramani
Summary: This study presents an aeroacoustic investigation of planar time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements on a NACA 0012 airfoil in static stall at a chord-based Reynolds number of 7.1 x 10(4). Instantaneous planar pressure reconstructions are obtained using a Poisson solver, and the dipole noise emanating from the airfoil surface is estimated using Curle's acoustic analogy. By applying a data-driven framework based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Spectral Linear Stochastic Estimation (sLSE), the flow structures responsible for noise generation are identified, primarily concentrated near the trailing edge. Furthermore, a conditional analysis of extreme noise events reveals correlations between downwash and upwash events near the trailing edge, and local maxima and minima in acoustic fluctuations associated with slow and fast-moving fluid in the incipient shear layer.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyuan Liu, Zhou Zhao, Shengming Xu, Jingcheng Zhang, Yin Zhou, Yulun He, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Hua Ouyang, Takuo Tanaka, Mu Ku Chen, Shengxian Shi, Fei Qi, Din Ping Tsai
Summary: Fluid flow behavior is studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV), which traditionally requires multiple cameras and lens systems. This study proposes a new method using binocular meta-lenses, which are lightweight and compact, to create a more efficient and easy-to-deploy PIV system. The results show that the binocular meta-lens PIV technique can accurately obtain the 3D velocity field information of fluid flow, making it a promising development in the field of flow diagnostics.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Onur Yasar, Emre Ozbek, Selcuk Ekici, Enver Yalcin, Adnan Midilli, T. Hikmet Karakoc
Summary: Fuel cells are a promising system utilized in various sectors, and particle image velocimetry is a practical technique for exploring the flow field inside fuel cells. Research on fuel cells focusing on particle image velocimetry technique has been reviewed, with discussions on system design, performance improvement, and cost benefit efforts affected by flow and design parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carl J. Legleiter, Paul J. Kinzel, Mark Laker, Jeffrey S. Conaway
Summary: Information on velocity fields in rivers is crucial for various applications. This study presents a framework for measuring river velocity using aerial images, which has been successfully tested in two Alaskan rivers.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chengjian Hua, Yanping Bao, Min Wang, Wei Xiao
Summary: This paper studies the numerical simulation model of nozzle clogging and the effects of relevant parameters on nozzle clogging simulation. The study examines the impact of nozzle clogging on flow, inclusion transport, and the formation process of nozzle clogging. The simulation of flow in the mold and nozzle is verified through particle image velocimetry measurement, and the simulation results of clogged nozzle are validated by industrial experiments. Findings show that the growth rate of nozzle clog increases with higher inclusion magnification factor. However, the simulation results reveal a hole in the nozzle clog, and there is a deviation between the simulated and experimental nozzle clog thickness. Increasing the random walk model parameter enhances the randomness of inclusion transport and improves the homogeneity of nozzle clog thickness simulation. Nozzle clogs initially form in the upper section of the nozzle and extend to the nozzle port. The shape of the nozzle is altered by the clogs, causing dispersion of the jet stream and reduction in its impact depth with increased solution time. The solid shell captures more inclusions, but its cleanliness decreases with longer solution time.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Zongming Zhu, Suqiang Ji, Liang Liang, Hao Wang, Haoyu Xia, Puhua Tang
Summary: This study investigated the hemodynamic indicators of blood vessels during intervention by an interventional robot. The results showed that the robot intervention increased the blood flow rate, blood pressure, equivalent stress, and deformation of the vessels. The operating mode of the robot during low-speed operation had minimal impact on the hemodynamic indicators. Experimental and numerical results were similar, providing important reference for the hemodynamic study and optimization of mobile interventional devices.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yang Xiao, Jieqing Liu, Pei Zhang, Jian Zhou, Dongfang Liang, Zhihao Wang, Taotao Zhang, Saiyu Yuan, Hongwu Tang
Summary: The settling processes and interactions of twin spherical particles released side by side were experimentally studied. The influences of particle size, fluid viscosity, initial spacing, and particle density on the settling process were systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal that the initial spacing and Reynolds number are the two most important factors affecting particle settling. The flow fields around different particles are similar for the same Reynolds number, except for the case of zero initial spacing when particle rotation cannot be ignored. The final repulsive distance between the twin particles is highly dependent on the Reynolds number and initial spacing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jan Cerny, Martin Polak
Summary: This paper validates a numerical model of radial centrifugal pump flow using the PIV experimental method. A 3D model of the pump was created in Inventor and a numerical flow model was designed in Ansys CFX. The performance characteristics of the pump were measured on an experimental test circuit, and compared with the vector maps obtained through PIV to evaluate the consistency of the numerical model. The results showed that the model is most accurate when the input variables are the pressure in front of the pump and the mass flow behind the pump, with a deviation of 1% to 10% and creation of corresponding streamlines in the suction pipe.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jing Xiao, Yue Hu, Shuai Cao, Fangsen Cui
Summary: This study presents an approach to detect and characterize surface-breaking cracks on tubular samples using ultrasonic phased array technology. The interaction between Rayleigh waves and surface-breaking cracks is simulated using finite element analysis, and the crack depths and inclined angles are evaluated from fitted curves. A full matrix capture data acquisition strategy is simulated, and an array imaging algorithm is applied to reconstruct the profile and location of surface cracks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiqiao Zhang, Zihan Jin, Shuai Teng, Gongfa Chen, Fangsen Cui
Summary: A CNN-based SDD method using populations of structures and MSE is proposed. Sufficient samples are provided by numerical simulations and a series of numerical models are established. The effects of multiple indices on damage detection based on population are compared and the results show that MSE is superior to other indices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Menglong Liu, Lun Li, Yaohui Zhang, Gongfa Chen, Fangsen Cui
Summary: This study proposes a novel Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre-based high-order semi-analytical finite element method (GLL-SAFE) to accurately calculate the dispersive natures of guided waves in complex waveguides. Through the combination of GLL node collation and Lobatto quadrature, GLL-SAFE shows faster solution speed and reduced matrix inversion error. The results demonstrate smaller average relative errors and higher calculation efficiency compared to the conventional Gauss-SAFE.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yue Hu, Yanping Zhu, Fangsen Cui, Jing Xiao, Shuai Cao, Fucai Li, Wenjie Bao
Summary: An adaptive method based on complex Bayesian group Lasso is proposed for defect localization, which does not require priori information and achieves good imaging performance by repeatedly tuning the regularization parameter.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Menglong Liu, Yaohui Zhang, Lun Li, Gongfa Chen, Fangsen Cui
Summary: The study proposes using a genetic algorithm to reconstruct the stiffness matrix of carbon fiber reinforced polymer and validates the method's effectiveness experimentally, achieving high accuracy for the parameters measured in CFRPs with different stacking sequences.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zongchao Liu, Gongfa Chen, Chiwei Ong, Zhiyong Yao, Xiaoda Li, Jun Deng, Fangsen Cui
Summary: This study designed and verified an aortic stent-graft by optimizing a specially constructed commercial descending stent-graft. The optimization process, using surrogate modeling and multi-objective genetic algorithms, resulted in improved flexibility and radial support force of the stent-graft. The results provide guidelines and a feasible method for designing aortic arch stent-grafts.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Linus Yinn Leng Ang, Fangsen Cui, Kian-Meng Lim, Heow Pueh Lee
Summary: As sustainability is crucial for future cities, natural ventilation is a way to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Ventilated acoustic metamaterials, which provide both ventilation and noise control, have gained research attention. In this systematic review, three types of ventilated acoustic metamaterials were identified. However, more research is needed to address the challenges of one type, metacages, for its real-world applications in noise control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yi Ting Chong, Xizu Wang, Shuai Cao, Fangsen Cui, Qiang Zhu, Jianwei Xu, Fuke Wang
Summary: The use of DLP printing technology with blading function allows for the fabrication of 3D anisotropic pressure and strain sensors by achieving nanoalignment of CNTs in each layer and facilitating good electrical communication between adjacent microlayers. The constructed 3D sensor displays high tensile and pressure responses, and the ability to detect pressure changes in all directions. The work offers a new way to create 3D anisotropic pressure/strain sensors for advanced flexible and stretchable sensing applications.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Dhanjoo N. Ghista, Foad Kabinejadian, Vinithasree Subbhuraam
Summary: In this paper, we propose several nondimensional diabetes indices for the accurate detection and diagnosis of diabetes. These indices enable precise medical diagnostics and can help develop guidelines for lowering glucose levels.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shuai Cao, Voon-Kean Wong, Yue Hu, Jing Xiao, David Boon Kiang Lim, Kui Yao, Fangsen Cui
Summary: This study explores a contact technique for generating and detecting zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves using a lightweight and low-profile direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (DWT). The frequency shift, wave attenuation, and adhesive bonded structure monitoring ability of the ZGV Lamb waves are investigated through numerical modeling and experimental testing, with a comparison between the DWT and discrete piezoelectric transducer. The potential of the DWT for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is demonstrated by overcoming the drawbacks of discrete piezoelectric transducers.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jiqiao Zhang, Silang Zhu, Zihan Jin, Wenbin Yang, Gongfa Chen, Fangsen Cui
Summary: This study presents a qualitative and quantitative method to assess fracture healing based on acceleration signals and CNN. It investigates different degrees of fractures and confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments.
JOURNAL OF VIBRATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Gongfa Chen, Zhaocheng Yan, Shuai Teng, Fangsen Cui, David Bassir
Summary: A bridge vibration measurement method using UAVs based on CNN and BO is proposed. The method collects video of the bridge structure using a UAV and tracks the reference points in the background and the target points on the bridge using the KLT optical flow method. BO is used to find the optimal hyper-parameter combination of a CNN, which is then used to correct the bridge displacement signal. The natural frequency of the bridge is extracted using OMA. The proposed method eliminates the need for static reference points, enhancing the applicability of UAVs, and provides important guidance for actual bridge vibration measurement.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Faeez Masurkar, Saurabh Aggarwal, Zi Wen Tham, Lei Zhang, Feng Yang, Fangsen Cui
Summary: This research focuses on estimating the elastic constants of orthotropic laminates using ultrasonic guided waves and inverse machine learning models. The results show that this approach has the potential to accurately predict the elastic constants of a material and reduce computational time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chi Wei Ong, Ian J. Y. Wee, Milan Toma, Fangsen Cui, Xiao Yun Xu, Arthur Mark Richards, Hwa Liang Leo, Andrew M. T. L. Choong
Summary: The visceral hybrid procedure is a feasible alternative for thoracoabdominal aneurysms repair. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is clinically relevant in the setting of visceral hybrid TAAA repairs, providing potentially actionable predictive insights.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Menglong Liu, Wenyan Zhang, Xiao Chen, Lun Li, Kai Wang, Hong Wang, Fangsen Cui, Zhongqing Su
Summary: In this study, an open-source dispersion calculator for guided wave propagation is developed based on the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method. It can calculate guided waves in both isotropic and anisotropic materials, providing various characteristics and aiding researchers and engineers in understanding and utilizing guided waves.