Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kozo Nakai, Daisuke Tsuruta
Summary: Oxygen in the atmosphere is vital for human life, but the metabolites ROS, produced in excess, can exacerbate skin aging and inflammation. Excessive exposure to air pollutants and other harmful substances can stimulate the production of ROS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Joanna Nowaczyk, Barbara Poniedzialek, Piotr Rzymski, Dominika Sikora, Mariola Ropacka-Lesiak
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate platelet parameters in pregnant women with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and their relationship with hemodynamic abnormalities. The study found that FGR patients had impaired oxidative metabolism in platelets, which may lead to oxidative stress and impaired platelet function.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Moinay Kim, Joonho Byun, Yeongu Chung, Si Un Lee, Ji Eun Park, Wonhyoung Park, Jung Cheol Park, Jae Sung Ahn, Seungjoo Lee
Summary: Administering ROS scavengers to patients with acute ICH significantly reduced PHE volume, shortened time to reach target Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, and reduced length of stay in the intensive care unit.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Caio Pupin Rosa, Thiago Caetano Andrade Belo, Natalia Cristina de Melo Santos, Evandro Neves Silva, Juciano Gasparotto, Patricia Paiva Corsetti, Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
Summary: Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a significant role in both the lethal effects on microorganisms and the regulation of inflammation and metabolism. Various microorganisms have been found to modulate the assembly or disruption of inflammasomes through ROS production. This process is a significant milestone in our understanding of the immunology of intracellular pathogens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton G. Rogov, Tatiana N. Goleva, Khoren K. Epremyan, Igor I. Kireev, Renata A. Zvyagilskaya
Summary: Mitochondria are considered the primary source of ROS in cells, with ROS-induced ROS release triggered in cardiac myocytes under excessive oxidative stress. Using Dipodascus magnusii yeast cells, it was found that prooxidant-induced oxidative stress begins in mitochondria before spreading to the whole cell, with mitochondrial ROS leading to mitochondrial fragmentation.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Bijun Zhu, Jiangjiexing Wu, Tong Li, Songtao Liu, Junheng Guo, Yijun Yu, Xinyi Qiu, Yue Zhao, Haoran Peng, Jinli Zhang, Leiying Miao, Hui Wei
Summary: In this study, the use of MVF nanozyme as a precise regulator of ROS in periodontitis is proposed. By selectively eliminating H2O2, the most prominent ROS, MVF contributes to limiting inflammation, regulating immune microenvironment, promoting periodontal regeneration, and stimulating osteogenic differentiation of periodontal stem cells. MVF regulates ROS through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and promotes osteogenic differentiation through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Nanozymes have the potential to be an important precision medicine tool in periodontitis therapy.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Zhang, Mengqiu Hao, Xuyang Yang, Su Zhang, Junhong Han, Ziqiang Wang, Hai-Ning Chen
Summary: Colorectal cancer often requires adjuvant therapies to reduce tumor burden, and the efficacy of these therapies is significantly influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-mediated colorectal cancer adjuvant therapies involve multiple mechanisms, and preliminary clinical trials have shown the potential of ROS-manipulating therapy in enhancing treatment outcomes.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masuko Ushio-Fukai, Dipankar Ash, Sheela Nagarkoti, Eric J. Belin de Chantemele, David J. R. Fulton, Tohru Fukai
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles as signaling molecules at physiological levels, but excess levels are associated with cardiovascular disease. Cells regulate ROS and RNS levels by controlling metabolic pathways, with implications for disease treatment strategies.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoon-Seok Seo, Jung-Min Park, Jae-Hyeong Kim, Moo-Yeol Lee
Summary: Smoking is a significant risk factor for various diseases due to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review focuses on how cigarette smoke promotes the formation of ROS and provides key mechanisms involved.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Steven Lelieveld, Jake Wilson, Eleni Dovrou, Ashmi Mishra, Pascale S. J. Lakey, Manabu Shiraiwa, Ulrich Poeschl, Thomas Berkemeier
Summary: Air pollutants such as aerosols and ozone can cause the generation of reactive oxygen species in the human respiratory tract, leading to oxidative stress and adverse health effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Keliang Zhang, Yin Zhang, Jing Sun, Jiasong Meng, Jun Tao
Summary: Seed viability is crucial for agriculture, affecting seedling emergence and crop yield. Factors such as high temperature and humidity can accelerate seed deterioration, leading to membrane damage, reduced respiratory rates, and oxidative damage by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Repair processes may occur during early stages, but if critical components are damaged, the seed may fail to germinate.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta, Sanghamitra Das, Petr Slama, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
Summary: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in male reproduction, but excessive levels can impair fertility by affecting testicular functions and compromising semen quality. High RNS levels lead to abnormalities in germ cells and gametes, and severely impact maturation and fertilization processes. Conventional semen analyses are not reliable predictors for assisted reproductive technology outcomes in cases of male infertility, highlighting the need for novel assessment and treatment methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prima Buranasin, Hiromi Kominato, Koji Mizutani, Risako Mikami, Natsumi Saito, Kohei Takeda, Takanori Iwata
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is associated with periodontal disease and affects the efficacy of periodontal treatment. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal tissues of diabetic patients contributes to insulin resistance and impairs wound healing and tissue repair. Antioxidants and insulin resistance ameliorants may improve wound healing by inhibiting ROS production. This review comprehensively examines the latest evidence on ROS generation in periodontal tissues, particularly related to microbial challenge and diabetes, and discusses the impact of oxidative stress on wound healing in periodontal and dental implant therapies, as well as the potential benefits of administering antioxidants and anti-insulin resistance medications to counteract ROS production and inflammation.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Amlan Das
Summary: Plastic pollution is a significant environmental threat that can cause detrimental effects on terrestrial and marine ecosystems as well as human health. The degradation of macroplastics into microplastics or nanoparticles can lead to organ damage and activation of intracellular signaling, resulting in cell death. Accumulating evidence supports the serious toxicity of microplastics/nanoparticles at various biological levels, and their involvement in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production. These particles can accumulate in mitochondria, disrupt the electron transport chain, and generate reactive free radicals that induce DNA damage, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and compromise antioxidant defense. Moreover, microplastic-induced oxidative stress triggers multiple signaling cascades, leading to organ damage such as pulmonary toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of proper models, interdisciplinary approaches, and mitigation strategies to fully understand and address the detrimental effects of microplastics/nanoparticles on human health.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Biophysics
Priya Gaur, Suchita Prasad, Bhuvnesh Kumar, Sunil K. Sharma, Praveen Vats
Summary: The balance between oxidants and antioxidants is essential for aerobic life, but can be disrupted at high altitudes, leading to oxidative stress. Exposure to high altitude causes increased ROS production, which can lead to various pathophysiological conditions. Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and reducing the risk of altitude-related illnesses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ross Vlahos
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Stefanie E. Mason, Rafael Moreta-Martinez, Wassim W. Labaki, Matthew J. Strand, Elizabeth A. Regan, Jessica Bon, Ruben San Jose Estepar, Richard Casaburi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Harry B. Rossiter, Barry Make, Mark T. Dransfield, MeiLan K. Han, Kendra Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Kathleen Stringer, Greg Kinney, John E. Hokanson, Raul San Jose Estepar, George R. Washko
Summary: The longitudinal loss of fat-free mass (FFM) is associated with increased all-cause mortality, regardless of initial body composition metrics, including BMI or muscle mass. This finding may improve risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic targets for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Article
Oncology
Savreet Aujla, Christian Aloe, Amanda Vannitamby, Shona Hendry, Kanishka Rangamuwa, Hao Wang, Ross Vlahos, Stavros Selemidis, Tracy Leong, Daniel Steinfort, Steven Bozinovski
Summary: This study investigated the variations of PD-L1 gene copy number in NSCLC and its relationship with PD-L1 tumor cell staining and inflammatory gene expression. The results showed that PD-L1 copy number was positively correlated with PD-L1 tumor cell staining and associated with reduced levels of inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators in tumors with low PD-L1 copy number. The analysis of bronchoscopy-derived biopsies showed low heterogeneity in copy number values across different anatomical sites.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Osezua Oseghale, Stella Liong, Madison Coward-Smith, Eunice E. To, Jonathan R. Erlich, Raymond Luong, Felicia Liong, Mark Miles, Shaghayegh Norouzi, Cara Martin, Sharon O'Toole, Robert D. Brooks, Steven Bozinovski, Ross Vlahos, John J. O'Leary, Doug A. Brooks, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy leads to dysfunction in aortic endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle, with the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) playing a role in viral dissemination and inflammation. The PVAT exhibits increased levels of inflammatory cells and activated T cells along with increased neutrophils, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan R. Erlich, Eunice E. To, Raymond Luong, Felicia Liong, Stella Liong, Osezua Oseghale, Mark A. Miles, Steven Bozinovski, Robert D. Brooks, Ross Vlahos, Stanley Chan, John J. O'Leary, Doug A. Brooks, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: The study reveals that macrophages undergo a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis when exposed to gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This switch modulates antibacterial host defence mechanisms by increasing the activity of NOX2 enzyme and promoting the expression of type I IFN-beta. Both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway play important roles in promoting LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saleela M. Ruwanpura, Louise McLeod, Lovisa F. Dousha, Huei J. Seow, Alison C. West, Alice J. West, Teresa Weng, Mohammad Alanazi, Martin MacDonald, Paul T. King, Philip G. Bardin, Cem Gabay, Dennis M. Klinman, Steven Bozinovski, Ross Vlahos, Gary P. Anderson, Stefan Rose-John, Mohamed I. Saad, Brendan J. Jenkins
Summary: Pulmonary emphysema is associated with dysregulated innate immune responses. In this study, the authors investigated the role of innate immune inflammasome complexes in promoting emphysema. They found that ASC, Caspase-1, and AIM2 were up-regulated in emphysematous patients and mouse models of emphysema. AIM2 was associated with elevated levels of IL-1 beta. Blockade of AIM2 and IL-1 receptor ameliorated emphysema in mice. IL-6 trans-signaling was also found to augment AIM2 expression in emphysema.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Markus Fleischmann, Andrew G. Jarnicki, Andrew S. Brown, Chao Yang, Gary P. Anderson, Natalio Garbi, Elizabeth L. Hartland, Ian R. van Driel, Garrett Z. Ng
Summary: Cigarette smoke exposure depletes alveolar macrophages and increases the severity of Legionnaires' disease, while these macrophages play a major role in bacterial clearance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Gabriele Matschiner, Mary F. Fitzgerald, Ulrich Moebius, Andreas M. Hohlbaum, Hendrik Gille, Kristian Jensen, Klaus Kirchfeld, Barbara Rattenstetter, Alice Laforge, Rachida S. Bel Aiba, Joe Ciccotosto, Hong Nyugen, Martyn L. Foster, John N. Snouwaert, MyTrang Nguyen, Beverly H. Koller, Louis Matis, Gary P. Anderson, Shane A. Olwill
Summary: The study reengineered Lcn1 into an inhalable IL-4Ra antagonist, named PRS-060, and evaluated its pharmacodynamic/kinetic profile. This antagonist competitively antagonized IL-4Ra-dependent cell proliferation, mucus induction, and eotaxin expression in vitro. In a triple-humanized mouse model, PRS-060 strongly suppressed acute allergic inflammation indexes, suggesting its potential as a treatment for type 2 endotype asthma.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evelyn Tsantikos, Timothy A. Gottschalk, Elan L'Estrange-Stranieri, Caitlin A. O'Brien, April L. Raftery, Lakshanie C. Wickramasinghe, Jonathan L. McQualter, Gary P. Anderson, Margaret L. Hibbs
Summary: The epidemiological patterns of COPD and lung adenocarcinoma are changing, with a growing number of cases occurring in non-smokers or individuals not exposed to traditional risk factors. The exact causative mechanisms are still unclear, but overactivity of SFKs and inflammatory lung damage are potential candidates. A preclinical model involving Lyn mutation has shown that it causes spontaneous inflammation, emphysema, and lung adenocarcinoma, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Rod Hughes, Eleni Rapsomaniki, Aruna T. Bansal, Jorgen Vestbo, David Price, Alvar Agusti, Richard Beasley, Malin Fageras, Marianna Alacqua, Alberto Papi, Hana Mullerova, Helen K. Reddel
Summary: Cluster analysis in patients with asthma and/or COPD identified distinct clusters with characteristics that differed from conventional diagnostic features. The overlap between clusters suggests that they do not reflect discrete underlying mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Helen Kathryn Reddel, Guy Brusselle, Rosa Lamarca, Per Gustafson, Gary P. Anderson, Carin Jorup
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of as needed formoterol in patients taking maintenance ICS-formoterol or ICS-salmeterol. The results showed that as-needed formoterol significantly reduced exacerbation risk in patients on maintenance ICS-formoterol but not in patients on maintenance ICS-salmeterol.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Lakshanie C. Wickramasinghe, Evelyn Tsantikos, Alida Kindt, April L. Raftery, Timothy A. Gottschalk, Jessica G. Borger, Atul Malhotra, Gary P. Anderson, Peter van Wijngaarden, Anne Hilgendorff, Margaret L. Hibbs
Summary: This study found that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) plays a pathological role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The deficiency of G-CSF can partially protect the lung and retina from injury.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Erin L. Tomaszewski, Mark J. Atkinson, Christer Janson, Niklas Karlsson, Barry Make, David Price, Helen K. Reddel, Claus F. Vogelmeier, Hana Mullerova, Paul W. Jones
Summary: The Chronic Airways Assessment Test (CAAT), a questionnaire adapted for patients with asthma and/or COPD, has been shown to be consistent and accurate in measuring overall health status in these patients.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Gary P. Anderson, Louis B. Irving, Andrew Jarnicki, Katherine Kedzierska, Marios Koutsakos, Stephen Kent, Aeron C. Hurt, Adam K. Wheatley, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Natale Snape, John W. Upham
Summary: This study conducted a vaccine trial on 33 COPD patients and found that double-dose immunization with the seasonal influenza vaccine did not further improve the immune response in previously vaccinated patients. These findings highlight the need for more effective vaccine strategies for COPD patients.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
G. P. Anderson, A. Jarnicki, S. Loo, J. Ciccotosto, J. Girkin, R. O'Donoghue, F. Mercuri, N. W. Bartlett
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)