Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rika Ebara, Shunichi Ishida, Taimei Miyagawa, Yohsuke Imai
Summary: The amplitude and frequency of peristaltic contractions have a significant impact on gastric mixing and emptying. Increasing or decreasing the amplitude affects mixing strength and emptying rate, with higher amplitude increasing the emptying rate and lower amplitude decreasing it. The emptying rate also increases with the peristaltic frequency. The closest contraction wave to the pylorus and subsequent waves promote gastric emptying. It is important to maintain these parameters within normal ranges for healthy gastric function.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mohammad Nikooei, Mehrdad T. Manzari
Summary: This paper numerically studies the interaction of flowing granular material with an entrainable granular bed, and characterizes the rheological behavior of the granular mixture using a generalized viscoplastic model. The effect of dynamics of entrained bedtype particles on rheology is considered, with discretization of flow equations using Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. Benchmark problems are solved to assess accuracy, and the impact of mixing effect on various model parameters is studied, with reported variations in momentum, velocity, and total kinetic energy of flow with time.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jipeng Li, Dengqing Cao, Kai Pan
Summary: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian method commonly used to simulate flows with free surfaces. This study introduces a new method, non-inertial SPH, which considers the transport velocity of liquid particles in the momentum equation of Navier-Stokes equations. The modified non-inertial SPH method is applied to model the liquid-filled quadrotor UAV, showing that liquid sloshing can negatively impact trajectory tracking performance.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen Peng, Peng Wu, Jingjing Wang, Didier Dupont, Oliva Menard, Romain Jeantet, Xiao Dong Chen
Summary: This study investigates an advanced dynamic in vitro human gastric system for simulating physiologically relevant gastric emptying. By optimizing operational parameters, the system achieved consistent gastric emptying curve with theoretical data.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fabian Winter, Philipp Schick, Werner Weitschies
Summary: Delayed gastric emptying has a significant impact on drug absorption. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models can simulate the effects of different meals on gastric emptying. Parameter predictions for gastric emptying can be made using mathematical equations and regression models. This model can simulate the gastric emptying of mixed solid meals with specific meal characteristics using PBPK software.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Letitia Petrescu, Silvia Burca, Maurizio Fermeglia, Andrea Mio, Calin-Cristian Cormos
Summary: The steel industry is a major water pollution source due to the release of high quantities of chemicals, including toxic phenol. This study compares the use of different solvents in liquid-liquid extraction for phenol removal, showing that cyclohexanone is the most efficient solvent with the lowest consumption of solvent and steam. The environmental analysis based on Life Cycle Assessment indicates that phenol removal using cyclohexanone as a solvent, produced from cyclohexane derived from benzene and steam from natural gas, is the most environmentally friendly option with lower global warming potential and other impact indicators compared to other solvents.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Na Rae Choi, Seungshik Park, Seoryeong Ju, Eunhye Kim, Soontae Kim, Na Rae Choi, Yong Bin Lim, Ji Yi Lee, Hye Jung Shine, Yong Pyo Kim
Summary: The contribution of liquid water content (LWC) to the levels of carcinogenic particulate nitrosamines and the chemistry affecting LWC were investigated in rural and urban areas in South Korea. The results showed that higher LWC in the rural area led to higher concentrations of nitrosamines. On the other hand, the formation of nitrosamines through aqueous phase reactions was not significant in the urban area compared to the rural area. It was also found that nitramines were mostly emitted from primary sources.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhe Li, Hancheng Lu, Zixuan Zhang, Baoqing Liu
Summary: The scale-up technology of anaerobic fermentation stirring equipment was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations under different solid content conditions. The applicability of different scale-up criteria, such as blade tip speed and Reynolds number, was analyzed and optimized. The results showed that when the solid content is less than 5%, scaling up according to the same Weber number is recommended. When the solid content is between 5% and 10%, scaling up based on the same blade tip speed is suitable, especially for conditions with limited shear rate. Scaling up according to the Reynolds number was not recommended due to poor mixing effect. The suitable scale-up indices for 5%, 10%, and 15% solid content in anaerobic fermentation systems were found to be 1.1, 1, and 0.75, respectively.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Changyong Li, Yan Jin
Summary: The stomach is crucial for food digestion and the muscular movements of the stomach wall play critical roles. A CFD model was developed in this study to better understand the flow dynamics in the process of mixing liquid foods with the gastric juice. The numerical results show that factors such as the increase in kinetic energy, the formation of TAC, and the change in pH values can significantly influence the stomach environment.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Tim H-H Wang, Anthony Y. Lin, Keno Mentor, Gregory O'Grady, Sanjay Pandanaboyana
Summary: This literature review aimed to identify objective measures of DGE following PD and determine their correlation with the clinical definition of DGE. Four objective modalities were found, with gastric scintigraphy showing the most evidence of correlation. However, there is substantial variability in the literature regarding the indications and interpretation of these tests, highlighting the need for a real-time objective modality that correlates with ISGPS DGE definition after PD.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hongzhe Tian, Chunqi Xu, Zhimeng Shi, Haoliang Fu, Xiuwei Li
Summary: An aqueous biphasic system based on choline ionic liquids and a copolymer was developed for the simultaneous determination of enantiomers of two fungicides. The extraction efficiency of the fungicides was significantly affected by the copolymer concentration, with little effect from the ionic liquid concentration. The system showed excellent extraction efficiency and could be applied to the analysis of triazole fungicides residue in real samples.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
M. Krzaczek, M. Nitka, J. Tejchman
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of gas content in rock macropores on the hydraulic fracturing process through a combination of DEM and CFD simulations. The study shows that the initial gas-phase fraction in macropores and pre-existing discontinuities have a significant influence on the propagation of hydraulic fractures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lihui Sun, Zhixin Jiang, Yaxin Long, Qingfeng He, Haiyang Zhang
Summary: This study examines the frequent disasters caused by underground mining in weakly cemented strata in Western China, and investigates the influence of moisture content on rock damage. The findings have important implications for improving numerical simulations and controlling disasters in mining areas.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Katia Arena, Francesco Cacciola, Natalizia Miceli, Maria Fernanda Taviano, Emilia Cavo, Robert E. Murphy, Paola Dugo, Luigi Mondello
Summary: In this study, a comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography system was employed to analyze polyphenolic compounds in commercial berry juices. A total of 104 polyphenolic compounds belonging to different chemical classes were characterized and quantified. Notable variations in polyphenol content were observed among different berry species. The study also determined the total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents, as well as the free-radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the juices. The developed chromatography system showed high separation capability and could be applied to other complex food samples.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. G. Basiev, A. A. Basiev, A. F. Seliverstov, B. G. Ershov
Summary: The research focused on the dissolution of concentrated ozone in water through liquid and gas counter-flows, presenting a method for counter-mixing ozone gas with water without using flotation technology. This approach significantly increased the ozone flow rate and dissolved concentration compared to flotation treatment.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Paul W. Cleary, Simon M. Harrison, Matt D. Sinnott, Gerald G. Pereira, Mahesh Prakash, Raymond C. Z. Cohen, Murray Rudman, Nick Stokes
Summary: The SPH method demonstrates strong predictive capabilities in a variety of challenging fluid flow applications, including free surface hydrodynamics, fluid-structure interactions, and multiphase flows. It exhibits advantages in handling free surfaces, strong advection, high deformation levels, and intrinsic history tracking, making it well suited for these applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Paul W. Cleary, Matt D. Sinnott
Summary: The pressure distribution between the rolls in a HPGR is expected to vary significantly in the axial direction, potentially reducing equipment performance efficiency. However, experimental measurement of this axial pressure distribution and its consequences for breakage efficiency is challenging. Using DEM to predict the flow and breakage of particles within HPGR is a feasible solution.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nicolin Govender, Paul W. Cleary, Daniel N. Wilke, Johannes Khinast
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of particle shape on material behavior in screw conveyors, revealing that particle shape plays a crucial role in screw conveyors, especially at higher rotation speeds. Spheres and polyhedra exhibit similar bulk discharge rates at lower rotation speeds, but particle shape influences the packing structure and collision dynamics between particles.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. D. Sinnott, S. M. Harrison, P. W. Cleary
Summary: This article introduces a particle-based modeling approach to simulate various challenges in food processing operations, such as liquid and solid mixing, fragmentation of solids and liquids, and multiphase behavior. The approach combines Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) representations of continua and Discrete Element Model (DEM) representations of discrete components. Six example applications in food manufacturing are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the approach in addressing complex simulations, and the benefits of this particle-based modeling approach are discussed.
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dhairya R. Vyas, Sharen J. Cummins, Murray Rudman, Paul W. Cleary, Gary W. Delaney, Devang Khakhar
Summary: The study explores the use of frictional boundary conditions in modeling elastic collisions with Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), and introduces a new Collisional SPH method for accurate prediction of rebound kinematics and surface deformation. This method opens up new avenues for modeling collisional deformations and dynamics in granular systems using SPH.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tharani Thirugnanachandran, Richard Beare, Melissa Mitchell, Chloe Wong, Jason Vuong, Shaloo Singhal, Lee-Anne Slater, James Hilton, Mathew Sinnott, Velandai Srikanth, Henry Ma, Thanh Phan
Summary: The study investigated the role of the circle of Willis and leptomeningeal anastomoses in modifying infarct topography following anterior cerebral artery occlusion. Results showed that these anatomical structures play a crucial role, especially in distal artery occlusions. Specific brain regions were identified with varying probabilities of infarction, with superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus having the highest probabilities.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sharen Cummins, Paul W. Cleary, Gary Delaney, Arden Phua, Matthew Sinnott, Dayalan Gunasegaram, Chris Davies
Summary: The new computational model combines DEM and SPH methods to simulate powder flow, melt pool dynamics, and microstructure evolution in powder bed fusion processes, providing a realistic tool for investigating the effects of process parameters on Ti-6Al-4V powder bed microstructure.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Vincent Lemiale, Carolyn Huston, Stuart Mead, David L. J. Alexander, Paul W. Cleary, Deepak Adhikary, Gary W. Delaney
Summary: This paper proposes a methodology for numerically assessing the impact of potential landslides, reducing the number of simulations required through statistical design of experiments. The most important factors influencing landslide extent were determined through a case study, with particle-particle friction coefficient and volume of failing material identified as key factors. A systematic analysis of varying the particle-particle friction coefficient was conducted to better understand the dynamics of collapses.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Simon M. Harrison, R. Chris Whitton, Susan M. Stover, Jennifer E. Symons, Paul W. Cleary
Summary: This study developed a 3D computational model to simulate the interaction between the equine hoof and racetrack surfaces. The model was validated and calibrated, and a sensitivity analysis revealed the significant effects of track surface parameters on mechanical response. The model accurately simulated hoof-ground interaction and provided insights into the relationship between track surface properties and limb loading in horses.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Dhairya R. Vyas, Sharen J. Cummins, Gary W. Delaney, Murray Rudman, Paul W. Cleary, Devang Khakhar
Summary: This paper presents an extended CollisionalSPH method for modeling elastoplastic collisions. The method is validated and the influence of deformation on history-dependent collision forces is analyzed, showing that deformation, especially with increasing magnitude, affects the contact-zone mechanics.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Xinying Liu, Simon M. Harrison, Paul W. Cleary, David F. Fletcher
Summary: Peristaltic flow plays a crucial role in biological processes such as digestion, making it an important component in stomach simulations. An analytical solution was identified to verify the simulations, providing an equation for net volumetric flow over a cycle with applied sinusoidal wall motion. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code and Ansys Fluent Finite Volume Method (FVM) solver demonstrated excellent agreement with the analytic solution and produced similar velocity fields within a range of occlusion ratios. The study also examined parameters influencing solution stability and accuracy. The validation of the SPH model's moving wall capability ensures its reliable use in stomach simulations with wall motion.
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Matheus S. Xavier, Charbel D. Tawk, Ali Zolfagharian, Joshua Pinskier, David Howard, Taylor Young, Jiewen Lai, Simon M. Harrison, Yuen K. Yong, Mahdi Bodaghi, Andrew J. Fleming
Summary: Soft robotics is a rapidly evolving field that utilizes highly deformable materials and bioinspired design principles. Pneumatic actuation is the dominant technology due to its low cost, fast response time, and easy implementation. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the development of soft pneumatic actuators and robots, highlighting recent advances and identifying future research directions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Risso, Gillian Dunngalvin, Sameer Saxena, Andrea Doolan, Lisa Spence, Kavita Karnik
Summary: This study investigated the gastrointestinal tolerance of low-calorie sugar D-allulose in young children and found that it was well tolerated. It can be considered as a candidate for replacing added sugars with lower caloric content in commercially produced goods.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinying Suo, Anna Baggio, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Silvia Vincenzetti, Elena Vittadini
Summary: This study investigated the effects of shape, gluten, and structural breakdown on the starch digestibility and glycemic index of gluten-containing and gluten-free pasta. The results showed that mastication effort, shape, and gluten content had significant impacts on starch digestion and glycemic index, with gluten being the major factor affecting the amount of digested starch.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinnuo Hu, Yanjun Yang, Cuihua Chang, Junhua Li, Yujie Su, Luping Gu
Summary: Fish collagen was enzymatically hydrolyzed using alkaline, papain, and ginger protease. The addition of ginger protease increased the degree of hydrolysis and resulted in changes in the amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution of the peptides. Combined hydrolysis with ginger protease improved the ACE inhibitory activity of the sample but affected fibroblast proliferation activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tong Nie, Xin Wang, Aqun Li, Anshan Shan, Jun Ma
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism by which hesperidin prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating fatty acid beta oxidation. The results suggest that hesperidin promotes fatty acid beta oxidation by activating SIRT1/PGC1 alpha, thus improving NAFLD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Li, Jing Zhao, Jinxue Wang, Qianqian Xiong, Xuechun Lin, Xiaolei Guo, Fan Peng, Wangqun Liang, Xuezhi Zuo, Chenjiang Ying
Summary: The daily administration of 10 g d-1 inulin-type fructans significantly reduced the circulating arsenic retention in end-stage renal disease by increasing the arsenic clearance rate through urine and dialysis. However, it was found to be ineffective for other trace elements.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuanchuan Wang, Weixuan Chen, Yishan Jiang, Xiao Xiao, Qianhui Zou, Jiarui Liang, Yu Zhao, Qianxu Wang, Tian Yuan, Rui Guo, Xuebo Liu, Zhigang Liu
Summary: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms may be improved through modulation of gut microbiota. This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic treatment on an ASD-like mouse model, and found that it rectified social impairments, attenuated inflammatory cytokine expressions, protected gut barrier integrity, and altered gut microbiota composition. The synbiotic treatment elevated beneficial metabolites and upregulated genes associated with their synthesis. Overall, the synbiotic combination mitigated ASD-related social impairments through regulation of the gut-brain axis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunli Kong, Caiping Duan, Yixuan Zhang, Yiying Wang, Zheng Yan, Sumei Zhou
Summary: This review critically discusses the physicochemical properties of bioactive molecules in kidney beans and focuses on the current knowledge of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) structure and function on intestinal health and metabolism. It also provides suggestions for further investigation and development of NSPs as novel plant carbohydrate resources.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fei Shen, Qianqian Wang, Sami Ullah, Ya Pan, Minjie Zhao, Jing Wang, Ming Chen, Fengqin Feng, Hao Zhong
Summary: This study investigated the peristalsis-promoting potential of Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis YJ5 and its underlying molecular mechanism in relieving constipation. The results showed that L. acidipiscis YJ5 intervention increased intestinal peristalsis in zebrafish and mouse models, reduced colonic aquaporin expression, repaired intestinal morphological damage, enhanced the colonic mucosal barrier, and reversed the gut microbiota structure. The positive effects of L. acidipiscis YJ5 were attributed to its metabolites such as malic acid and heliangin.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuo Qu, Jiahui Tian, Jiachen Sun, Ying Shi, Jianqiang Yu, Wannian Zhang, Chunlin Zhuang
Summary: Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer, but garlic oil compound DATS shows potential as a chemopreventive agent. DATS can inhibit the carcinogenic effects of tobacco and regulate gut microbiota, as well as activate the PPAR-gamma pathway to suppress tumor growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanli Zhang, Jielun Hu, Yadong Zhong, Shuai Liu, Liandi Liu, Xinyi Mu, Chunhua Chen, Shenji Yang, Guohao Li, Duoduo Zhang, Xinru Huang, Jinrui Yang, Xiaojun Huang, Shuigen Bian, Shaoping Nie
Summary: The study found that different ratios of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber have distinct effects on gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Increasing the ratio of insoluble dietary fiber increases the relative abundance and acid production of specific bacterial genera, while increasing the ratio of soluble dietary fiber increases the diversity and relative abundance of other bacterial genera and regulates metabolic pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Enhui Tang, Tong Hu, Zhaokang Jiang, Xiaojun Shen, Huan Lin, Haiyan Xian, Xinlan Wu
Summary: Isoquercitrin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway and modulating the intestinal flora.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nesma A. Abd Elrazik, Sahar A. Helmy
Summary: This study found that betanin, the major pigment in red beetroot, has a protective effect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The protective effect may be attributed to the attenuation of the NLRP3/IL-1 beta/TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway and the suppression of the EMT process.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sha Li, Longchen Shang, Yuanyuan Chen, Rong Song, Jing Li, Bin Li
Summary: A new form of konjac fiber was prepared that could instantly expand in contact with digestive fluid, inhibiting the digestion of food. The digestion regulation ability of the fiber was influenced by the freezing temperature used during preparation, with the fiber prepared at -20 degrees C showing the best performance in delaying gastric emptying and preventing intestinal starch hydrolysis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xian Xia, Jiangdong Li, Rui Liang, Yi Li, Xiaojuan Ma, Ying Yang, Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
Summary: This study aimed to reduce the allergenicity of ovomucoid through unfolding-assisted glycation. The results showed that maltose glycation effectively reduced the IgG-binding capacity of the allergen. Unfolded and glycated ovomucoid exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity and metal ion chelating ability.