Review
Plant Sciences
Simone Squara, Federico Stilo, Marta Cialie Rosso, Erica Liberto, Nicola Spigolon, Giuseppe Genova, Giuseppe Castello, Carlo Bicchi, Chiara Cordero
Summary: This review explores the volatilome of hazelnuts and its relationship to phenotype expression, post-harvest practices, and storage conditions. Key odorants in raw hazelnuts contribute to their distinctive aroma, while additional potent odorants are formed during dry-roasting, enhancing the pleasant aroma of roasted nuts.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raffaella Gianferri, Fabio Sciubba, Alessandra Durazzo, Paolo Gabrielli, Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia, Francesca Giorgi, Antonello Santini, Petra Engel, Maria Enrica Di Cocco, Maurizio Delfini, Massimo Lucarini
Summary: This research used TD-NMR experiments to study the microstructure and physical compartments of two Italian hazelnut cultivars, and identified differences between them. The findings provide important information for the definitions of PDO and PGI.
Article
Plant Sciences
Federico Stilo, Marta Cialie Rosso, Simone Squara, Carlo Bicchi, Chiara Cordero, Cecilia Cagliero
Summary: The volatile fraction of plant-based foods can provide valuable information about various aspects such as plant genotype, environmental conditions, and processing technologies. The enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds within these volatile fractions can increase the level of detail in profiling studies. This study focuses on the enantiomeric composition of a large set of chiral compounds in hazelnuts, and finds distinctive distribution patterns based on cultivar and harvest region. The enantiomeric distribution of certain key-aromas has a significant impact on the sensory properties of the product.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Navid Shakiba, Henri Loesel, Soeren Wenck, Leif Kumpmann, Rene Bachmann, Marina Creydt, Stephan Seifert, Markus Fischer, Thomas Hackl
Summary: Storage of hazelnuts is critical to prevent mold, rancidity, and off-flavor, but there is a lack of analytical methods to detect improper or extended storage. In this study, hazelnut samples were stored under different conditions, and the metabolome was analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Increases in lipid oxidation products and free long-chain fatty acids were found, particularly in samples stored at high temperatures. Harsh short-term storage resulted in an increase in certain organic acids and sugars, and a decrease in acetic acid.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Damla Dag, Azin Farmanfarmaee, Fanbin Kong, Jooyeoun Jung, Robert J. McGorrin, Yanyun Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using hot air-assisted radio frequency heating for simultaneous rapid drying and blanching of inshell hazelnuts. The effects of target temperature and holding time on heating uniformity and inactivation of enzymes were studied. The study demonstrated that a 5-min holding time at the target temperature resulted in better heating uniformity and lower enzyme activities.
FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Daniela S. Posta, Isidora Radulov, Ileana Cocan, Adina A. Berbecea, Ersilia Alexa, Ionela Hotea, Olimpia A. Iordanescu, Maria Bala, Ilie C. Cantar, Sandor Rozsa, Florin L. Crista, Marius V. Boldea, Monica Negrea, Iuliana Popescu
Summary: This study analyzed the nutritional potential of hazelnut varieties from the spontaneous flora of Romania to increase local production sustainability. Hazelnuts were found to contain mineral substances, protein, and essential and non-essential amino acids. The addition of hazelnut flour to baked goods increased the content of polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Article
Microbiology
Silvia Jane Lombardi, Gianfranco Pannella, Patrizio Tremonte, Ida Mercurio, Franca Vergalito, Costantino Caturano, Lucia Maiuro, Massimo Iorizzo, Mariantonietta Succi, Elena Sorrentino, Raffaele Coppola
Summary: This study evaluated the fungal contamination of ready-to-eat dried hazelnuts using the same drying process for different cultivars from various regions. Different fungal populations were found in dried hazelnuts regardless of their geographical area. Several species related to Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus were commonly present. Certain hazelnut cultivars were found to be associated with species related to Trichoderma and Fusarium. All 14 species identified are known to host pathogenic strains, posing a real danger to consumers. The development of new protective strategies is highly desirable based on these findings.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Horticulture
Merce Rovira
Summary: Research on hazelnut rootstocks is limited, but using non-suckering rootstocks can increase orchard cost-effectiveness by reducing pruning needs, facilitating mechanical harvesting, and lowering management costs and environmental impact. Trials in different countries have shown good performance of grafted hazelnuts, leading to increased interest in these cultivar/rootstock combinations and the expectation of more new orchards being planted in the near future.
Article
Plant Sciences
Antonietta Cerulli, Assunta Napolitano, Beata Olas, Milena Masullo, Sonia Piacente
Summary: This study conducted a detailed chemical analysis of the hazelnuts from Nocciola Piemonte (NP), a speciality from Italy, revealing the presence of abundant phenolic compounds and various polar lipids. These hazelnuts were found to possess strong antioxidant properties and the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Federico Stilo, Erica Liberto, Nicola Spigolon, Giuseppe Genova, Ginevra Rosso, Mauro Fontana, Stephen E. Reichenbach, Carlo Bicchi, Chiara Cordero
Summary: The volatile fraction of hazelnuts contains information about cultivar/geographical origin, post-harvest treatments, oxidative stability, and sensory quality. A novel workflow combining Untargeted and Targeted fingerprinting has been developed to differentiate spoiled hazelnuts from those of acceptable quality. This analysis method effectively selects chemical markers for classification and quality assessment.
Article
Plant Sciences
John Bryan Webber, Sugae Wada, Virginia O. Stockwell, Nik G. Wiman
Summary: The study evaluated hazelnut cultivar susceptibility to Xac through adapting inoculation protocols in two different environments. Severe bacterial blight symptoms were observed on all cultivars under in vitro conditions, but no significant differences in susceptibility were found compared to known susceptible cultivars. In vivo conditions showed higher necrotic buds in certain cultivars, providing information for establishing a dose-response model for bacterial blight.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elanur Dastan, Omer F. Celik, Orhan Bas, Zafer Bulut, Stephen R. Lindemann, Mehmet I. Tugay, Muhammet Degermenci, Beyza Suvarikli-Alan, Mehmet Nizamlioglu, Yunus E. Tuncil
Summary: This study investigated the impact of hazelnut dietary fiber on colonic microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids. The results showed that hazelnut dietary fiber increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria and stimulated the production of beneficial microbial metabolites. Additionally, hazelnut skin was found to have potential for producing functional dietary fiber targeting colonic health.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nihal Oztolan-Erol, Andrew J. Helmstetter, Asuman Inan, Richard J. A. Buggs, Stuart J. Lucas
Summary: European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is extensively cultivated in Turkey for its nuts, with significant genetic variation among varieties. Clonal propagation of preferred varieties over the years in the Black Sea Region has resulted in mixed sub-populations and high genetic diversity within each variety, hindering the development of true breeding lines.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Alberto Pacchiarelli, Cristian Silvestri, Valerio Cristofori
Summary: European hazelnut, a shrub with high demand for its kernels in the confectionery industry, is affected by the competition from suckers, which negatively impacts its growth and yield. Several methods, including manual, mechanical, physical, and chemical control, as well as the use of non-suckering rootstocks and new automatized control techniques, have been proposed and discussed in this review.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henri Loesel, Navid Shakiba, Soeren Wenck, Phat Le Tan, Tim-Oliver Karstens, Marina Creydt, Stephan Seifert, Thomas Hackl, Markus Fischer
Summary: Accelerated storage is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, but this study explores its potential application in estimating the shelf life of food. Hazelnuts were stored under accelerated and realistic conditions, and high resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze their lipid profile. The analysis showed unique processes occurring under accelerated conditions, primarily involving degradation of membrane lipids and oxidation processes. However, the complexity of food matrices makes it difficult to predict molecular changes in hazelnuts stored under realistic conditions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Florian Utz, Andrea Spaccasassi, Johanna Kreissl, Timo D. Stark, Caren Tanger, Ulrich Kulozik, Thomas Hofmann, Corinna Dawid
Summary: The aroma of pea protein was analyzed to optimize the flavor of food products containing pea protein. Sensory and chemical analyses identified nine key food odorants, mostly aldehydes, in different pea proteins. This knowledge has the potential to simplify industrial flavor optimization of pea protein-based food.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Beate Brandl, Rachel Rennekamp, Sandra Reitmeier, Katarzyna Pietrynik, Sebastian Dirndorfer, Dirk Haller, Thomas Hofmann, Thomas Skurk, Hans Hauner
Summary: This study investigated the acceptance and consumption of fiber-enriched foods and found that they can increase fiber intake in middle-aged individuals, providing a simple and novel strategy to improve fiber intake in the population.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Laura L. McConnell, Coralia Osorio Roa, Thomas F. Hofmann
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tatjana Lang, Oliver Frank, Roman Lang, Thomas Hofmann, Maik Behrens
Summary: Cyclolinopeptides in linseed oil are responsible for its bitterness, and a specific compound called methionine sulfoxide-containing cyclolinopeptide-4 is the main determinant of this bitterness.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Michael Gigl, Oliver Frank, Luisa Irmer, Thomas Hofmann
Summary: A holistic UPLC-TOF-MS-based approach was used to screen for storage-induced reaction products in coffee beverages. Multiple marker compounds were identified and quantified, with the biggest influence of storage time observed on the formation of reaction products between hydroxyhydroquinone and methanethiol and 2-furfurylthiol.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andras Gregor, Laura Huber, Sandra Auernigg-Haselmaier, Felix Sternberg, Magdalena Billerhart, Andreas Dunkel, Veronika Somoza, Manfred Ogris, Barbara Kofler, Valter D. Longo, Juergen Konig, Kalina Duszka
Summary: The study found that restrictive dietary approaches, including intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, and ketogenic diet, have similar effects on the gut, especially between caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and fasting-mimicking diet. The ketogenic diet differs from other diets in terms of the occurrence of a 50 kDa truncated form of occludin, composition of the microbiota, and bile acids.
Editorial Material
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Thomas F. Hofmann
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Alessandro Nicoli, Franziska Haag, Patrick Marcinek, Ruiming He, Johanna Kreissl, Joerg Stein, Alessandro Marchetto, Andreas Dunkel, Thomas Hofmann, Dietmar Krautwurst, Antonella Di Pizio
Summary: With approximately 400 encoding genes in humans, odorant receptors (ORs) are the largest subfamily of class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but their structural characterization is poor. This study focuses on the characterization of the odorant receptor OR5K1 by identifying its cognate agonists and investigating its binding modes using AI-driven modeling and homology modeling. The obtained models provide insights into the differences in activity and structural variations. This refinement protocol can be applied to model the orthosteric binding site of ORs and GPCRs with low sequence identity.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Johanna Tiroch, Andreas Dunkel, Sonja Sterneder, Sofie Zehentner, Maik Behrens, Antonella Di Pizio, Jakob P. Ley, Barbara Lieder, Veronika Somoza
Summary: Human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1 cells) are an important cell model for studying the response of gingiva to inflammatory stimuli. Recently, it was found that trans-resveratrol can repress the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in HGF-1 cells stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), through the involvement of TAS2R50 bitter taste sensing receptor. This study aims to investigate the association between a compound's bitter taste threshold and its repressing effect on Pg-LPS evoked IL-6 release by HGF-1 cells.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Susanne I. Wudy, Verena K. Mittermeier-Klessinger, Andreas Dunkel, Karin Kleigrewe, Regina Ensenauer, Corinna Dawid, Thomas F. Hofmann
Summary: Amino acids and acylcarnitines are important biomarkers for the body's energy state and can be used to diagnose certain inborn errors of metabolism. This study developed a quantitative high-throughput method to analyze these compounds in serum samples, using minimal amounts of serum and isotopically labeled standards for quantification. The method was successfully validated and applied to serum samples from infants, showing excellent reproducibility and enabling simultaneous profiling of amino acids and acylcarnitines.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Skurk, Tamara Kraemer, Patrick Marcinek, Agne Malki, Roman Lang, Andreas Dunkel, Tiffany Krautwurst, Thomas F. Hofmann, Dietmar Krautwurst
Summary: Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) can help control blood sugar levels in personalized nutrition strategies, but their consumption is associated with person-specific and microbiome-dependent glycemic impairments. Little is known about the effects of NNS on the individual cellular immune system. Recent research has suggested that taste receptors may play a role in immune modulation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Felix Sternberg, Christina Sternberg, Andreas Dunkel, Taraneh Beikbaghban, Andras Gregor, Aleksander Szarzynski, Veronika Somoza, Ingrid Walter, Kalina Duszka, Barbara Ko, Elena E. Pohl
Summary: Heart diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Ketogenic diets have been used to treat epilepsy, diabetes, and obesity, which are common comorbidities of heart diseases. However, recent reports have linked ketogenic diets based on long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) to cardiac fibrosis and a reduction of heart function in rodents. The effects of LCT and LCT/MCT mix ketogenic diets on cardiac tissue integrity and the plasma metabolome were assessed in mice.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Daniela Marianne Hartl, Oliver Frank, Corinna Dawid, Thomas Frank Hofmann
Summary: The focus of green chemistry on natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) is due to their sustainability, low toxicity, and high solute potential. NADES are applied in various fields, including organic chemistry, agriculture, and food industry. In the food industry, NADES can be used for extraction of small molecules, macromolecules, and heavy metals to achieve desired food quality. Additionally, NADES can increase compound yield in Maillard-type model reactions. A food-grade NADES system based on sucrose/D-sorbitol was developed and evaluated for its stability as a reaction medium in terms of temperature and pH. Two Maillard-type model reactions were successfully implemented, producing taste-modulating compounds that exceed their respective thresholds. This newly developed NADES shows great potential as a solvent candidate for a wide range of applications in the food industry.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Christoph Konrad Hofstetter, Andreas Dunkel, Ugo Bussy, Miriam Wimmer, Thomas Kauz, Timo D. Stark, John Didzbalis, Corinna Dawid, Thomas Hofmann
Summary: The unified flavor quantitation method, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, allows for the simultaneous analysis and quantification of a large number of flavor compounds in a single run. The application to chocolate highlights the potential and feasibility of high-throughput quantitation of key aroma- and taste-active molecules.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
