Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anita Di Chiara, Lisa Tauxe, Thomas E. Levy, Mohammad Najjar, Fabio Florindo, Erez Ben-Yosef
Summary: This study presents 11 robust archaeointensity results from the Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic era in Jordan, with two of them being the oldest data for the Levant, ancient Egypt, Turkey, and Mesopotamia. Virtual Axial Dipole Moments suggest a weak Earth's magnetic field in the Southern Levant around 7600 BCE, strengthening to greater than present levels around 7000 BCE, and gradually weakening again around 5200 BCE. Successful results from burnt flint highlight its potential for archaeomagnetic research in prehistoric periods.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
B. Tchibinda Madingou, M. Perrin, G. Herve, A. Hernandez Cardona, L. M. Alva-Valdivia, R. Cruz Antillon
Summary: Various regional secular variation curves of the geomagnetic field in Mexico over the past millennia remain imprecise due to uneven data quality and distribution, particularly the lack of data in Northern Mexico. A study at the archaeological site Casas de Fuego in Chihuahua state revealed magnetic mineral information in pottery kilns, showing consistency with data from the USA and Mexico but discrepancies with the current secular variation curve. The Western North American curve for the last millennium aligns more closely with the SHAWQ2k global model and better reflects the secular variation in Northern Mexico, while neither the SHAWQ2k model nor the regional intensity curve can capture rapid changes around 1500 CE.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Hannah Lau, Gwyneth W. Gordon, Kelly J. Knudson
Summary: This study investigates the role of animal economies in supporting social complexity through the provisioning of feasts during the late Neolithic Halaf Period in Northern Mesopotamia. The results show that animals consumed at feasts came from the same herded population that fed inhabitants at the site daily, which has important social implications for feast organizers.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Steve Lund, Ellen Platzman, Chris Scholz
Summary: A paleomagnetic study was conducted on three piston cores from Lake Turkana to recover a Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) record and correlate it with other PSV records from the East Africa Rift Valley. Magnetic measurements were made on the cores, and the resulting records could be correlated. The sediment ages were estimated through PSV age estimation and radiocarbon dating, and showed good consistency. The Lake Turkana PSV record is the highest resolution directional record of PSV ever recovered from Africa.
Article
Anthropology
Linoy Namdar, Jacob Vardi, Yitzhak Paz, Lidar Sapir-Hen
Summary: The research reveals that during the Early and Late Pottery Neolithic periods in the southern Levant, livestock were mainly utilized for meat rather than their secondary products. The animal economy in each site relied on a combination of livestock and wild species, with varying degrees of reliance between sites, especially in the Late Pottery Neolithic period.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Gabriel West, Andreas Nilsson, Alexis Geels, Martin Jakobsson, Matthias Moros, Francesco Muschitiello, Christof Pearce, Ian Snowball, Matt O'Regan
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of the geomagnetic field in polar regions during the late Holocene period. By analyzing well-dated sediment cores from the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean, the authors provide valuable insights into the changes in the geomagnetic field in the Arctic over the past few thousand years.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaowei Mao, Hucai Zhang, Shiyu Qiao, Yichen Liu, Fengqin Chang, Ping Xie, Ming Zhang, Tianyi Wang, Mian Li, Peng Cao, Ruowei Yang, Feng Liu, Qingyan Dai, Xiaotian Feng, Wanjing Ping, Chuzhao Lei, John W. Olsen, E. Andrew Bennett, Qiaomei Fu
Summary: Modern humans have been living in Northern East Asia as early as 40,000 years ago, as demonstrated by the Tianyuan individual. The genetic continuity of human populations in the Amur region has been maintained since 14ka, representing the closest East Asian source known for Ancient Paleo-Siberians. This study provides insights into the population dynamics of Northern East Asia.
Article
Archaeology
Trisevgeni Papadakou, Kostas Kotsakis, Dushka Urem-Kotsou
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of organic-tempered pottery in early pottery assemblages in Southwest Asia and Southeast Europe, and explores its chronological consistency and changes over time and space. The research reveals that the cultural practice of organic tempering persisted in this area for almost a millennium, with varying levels of acceptance by different Neolithic communities.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Armetta, Dario Giuffrida, Maria Clara Martinelli, Viviana Mollica Nardo, Maria Luisa Saladino, Rosina Celeste Ponterio
Summary: The goal of this work is to contribute to the study of Neolithic painted pottery through the chemical characterization of samples from the Aeolian Islands. Analysis of 16 different sherds revealed the presence of pigments, including some no longer visible to the naked eye, and provided information about pottery differentiation using FT-IR.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Dan Vlase, Gabriela Vlase, Gabriela Ursut, Paula Sfirloaga, Florin Manea, Mihaela Budiul, Andrei Rotaru, Titus Vlase, Ion Creanga
Summary: This study aims to analyze pottery samples from the Foeni Tell - Orthodox Cemetery archaeological site in Romania. Results indicate that Foeni pottery was locally produced using a high plasticity clay and various minerals, with firing temperatures ranging from 550-600 degrees Celsius.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Xi Zhang, Xiaoting Zhu, Yingfang Hu, Zhenyu Zhou, John W. Olsen, Ying Guan
Summary: The study reports the results of dental residue analysis conducted on 31 individual human skulls unearthed from the Late Dawenkou Culture Liangwangcheng site. The starch granules extracted from these residue samples indicate that foxtail and broomcorn millet, rice, roots and tubers, and legumes comprised the vegetal diet of Liangwangcheng's occupants, suggesting the importance of mixed rice-millet agriculture during that time.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Yu Itahashi
Summary: The chemical analysis of animal bones in archaeological research provides important insights into animal utilization and domestication by ancient humans. Isotope analysis of bone collagen can reveal changes in animal diets and shed light on human-animal relationships during the early stages of domestication. This study investigates pig management practices in different regions, finding evidence of food sharing between humans and pigs in East Asia, while in the Near East, domesticated pigs had diets resembling herbivores, suggesting the feeding of special foods.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kevin Gibbs
Summary: In Southwest Asia, early ceramics were associated with sedentary farming communities, unlike other regions where ceramics were first produced by hunter-gatherers. Pottery production began around 7000 BC in Anatolia, Upper Mesopotamia, and the northern Levant. The legacy of Southwest Asian pottery contributes to our understanding of the emergence of ceramics.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Yosef Garfinkel, Sarah Krulwich
Summary: From the Upper Palaeolithic to the present, birds have been a marginal motif in human artistic expression, except for a significant exception during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period in the Near East. This period saw the occurrence of bird representations at multiple sites, including figurines, statues, depictions, and monumental depictions. It is suggested that this prevalence of bird imagery is linked to the transition from a mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a sedentary agricultural economy, with birds symbolizing the relinquishment of mobility and the need for seasonal farming tasks.
Article
Anthropology
Adria Breu, Ayla Turkekul, Semsettin Akyol, Anna Bach-Gomez, Cafer Cakal, Mehmet Firat Ilker, Deniz Sari, Savas Sarialtun, Eduardo Vijande-Vila, Rana Ozbal
Summary: Understanding how pottery vessels were exposed to fire is crucial for studying prehistoric pottery's use in food preparation and its global adoption. This paper introduces two previously unreported biomarkers for lipid thermal alteration in pottery and updates the knowledge by characterizing these compounds through experimentation and analysis of Neolithic pottery samples.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lingyu Zhang, Kristoffer Szilas
Summary: This study presents new petrological and geochemical data for the Narssaq Ultramafic Body (NUB) in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex of SW Greenland. The results indicate that the ultramafic rocks of NUB are not mantle residues, but instead represent crustal cumulates derived from high-Mg magmas.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rong Xu, Sarah Lambart, Oliver Nebel, Ming Li, Zhongjie Bai, Junbo Zhang, Ganglan Zhang, Jianfeng Gao, Hong Zhong, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: This study investigated the iron isotope compositions of Cenozoic basalts in Southeast China, finding significant variations related to different types of basalts and their respective sources.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. J. Ebinger, Miriam C. Reiss, Ian Bastow, Mary M. Karanja
Summary: The East African rift system is formed above mantle upwellings and the formation of rifts is related to lithospheric thinning and magmatic activity. The amount of splitting varies spatially and the fast axes are predominantly parallel to the orientation of the rifts. Thick lithospheric modules have less splitting and different orientations, which may indicate mantle plume flow. Splitting rotates and increases in strength as it enters the rift zones, suggesting that the anisotropy is mainly present at shallow depths.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Correction
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ekaterina Rojas-Kolomiets, Owen Jensen, Michael Bizimis, Gene Yogodzinski, Lukas Ackerman
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert W. Nicklas, Igor S. Puchtel, Ethan F. Baxter
Summary: Oxygen fugacity is a fundamental parameter for understanding redox processes in igneous systems. This study compares the Fe-XANES oxybarometry method with the V-in-olivine method for evaluating fO(2) in MORB lavas. The results show that the V-in-olivine method is not applicable to samples with low MgO content, and that the majority of Archean komatiite sources have lower fO(2) than modern MORB.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chunfei Chen, Stephen F. Foley, Sebastian Tappe, Huange Ren, Lanping Feng, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: The volatile components CO2 and H2O play a major role in mantle melting and heterogeneity. In this study, Ca isotopes were used to trace the lithological heterogeneity in alkaline magmatic rocks. The results revealed the presence of K-richterite and carbonate components as the source of alkaline magmas with low delta 44/40Ca values. These findings highlight the importance of Ca isotopes as a robust tracer of lithological variation caused by volatiles in the Earth's upper mantle.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothee Jautzy, Gilles Rixhon, Regis Braucher, Romain Delunel, Pierre G. Valla, Laurent Schmitt, Aster Team
Summary: Although the current approach to estimate catchment-wide denudation rates using only 10Be concentrations has made significant progress in geomorphology, this study argues for the inclusion of 26Al measurements and testing of steady-state assumptions in slow eroding, formerly glaciated landscapes. The study conducted measurements of both 10Be and 26Al in stream sediments from the Vosges Massif in France and found that elevation, slope, channel steepness, and precipitation were the primary factors controlling denudation rates. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the extent of past glaciation and the cosmogenic (un-)steadiness in the stream sediments.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Erik van der Wiel, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Cedric Thieulot, Wim Spakman
Summary: Numerical models of Earth's mantle dynamics can predict the vigour and mixing of mantle flow, and the average slab sinking rates are an unexplored parameter that can provide intrinsic information on these characteristics. Through numerical experiments, it has been found that slab sinking rates are strongly correlated with mantle convection and mixing, and may explain geochemical observations from hotspot volcanoes.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)