Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ru-Rong Ji
Summary: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous lipid mediators synthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during inflammation. Synthetic SPMs have shown potent inflammation-resolving effects and analgesia in preclinical models, including rodent models of different types of pain. SPMs act through multiple G protein-coupled receptors expressed by immune cells, glial cells, and neurons, and their loss can impair pain resolution. SPMs also have an emerging role in itch control, and targeting SPMs or SPM receptors pharmacologically could lead to novel therapeutics for pain and itch.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Magnus Back
Summary: Cardiovascular outcome trials on omega-3 fatty acids have conflicting results, but suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has dose-dependent beneficial effects. Besides triglyceride lowering, EPA may have beneficial cardiovascular effects through different mechanisms. This review addresses the link between EPA and resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Duco Steven Koenis, Issa Beegun, Charlotte Camille Jouvene, Gabriel Amador Aguirre, Patricia Regina Souza, Maria Gonzalez-Nunez, Lucy Ly, Kimberly Pistorius, Hemant M. Kocher, William Ricketts, Gavin Thomas, Mauro Perretti, Ghassan Alusi, Paul Pfeffer, Jesmond Dalli
Summary: This study revealed that circulating SPM concentrations are correlated with disease severity and dysregulated phagocyte function in COVID-19 patients, and that dexamethasone can potentially upregulate these mediators as a host protective mechanism against COVID-19.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julianne M. Thornton, Kingsley Yin
Summary: Host response to bacterial infection involves leukocyte activation, inflammatory mediator release, phagocytosis, and killing of bacteria, while resolution of infection requires attenuation of neutrophil migration, neutrophil apoptosis, and other processes. Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) are bioactive fatty acids that play a critical role in promoting the resolution of infectious inflammation and bacterial clearance, including a novel mechanism of reducing bacterial virulence.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul M. Jordan, Oliver Werz
Summary: Acute inflammation caused by bacterial infections is a necessary biological defense mechanism, but if it becomes persistent and uncontrolled, it may lead to chronic diseases and tissue destruction. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) can effectively resolve bacteria-initiated inflammation, promoting bacterial clearance, tissue repair, and regeneration.
Review
Immunology
Charles N. Serhan, Stephania Libreros, Robert Nshimiyimana
Summary: The importance of rigorous scientific evidence and the damage caused by uncontrolled excessive inflammation has been highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses the evidence on specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and the metabolomes involved in resolution and inflammation. SPMs, derived from omega-3 fatty acids, have potent bioactive structures and can enhance the resolution of acute inflammation. They have been named Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins, and their biosynthesis and stereochemistry have been extensively studied. SPMs play functional roles on innate and adaptive immune cells, and their complete stereochemistry has enabled human clinical studies and the evaluation of their functions in health and disease mechanisms.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valter Lubrano, Rudina Ndreu, Silvana Balzan
Summary: The cessation of inflammation in atherosclerosis is not due to the decay of inducers, but rather the action of lipid mediators from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Deficiency in these lipid mediators can worsen atherosclerotic disease, but conflicting clinical results have been observed for omega-3 PUFAs. Further studies are needed to address these contradictions and clarify the role of lifestyle habits and other factors in the synthesis of lipid mediators.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mukut Sharma, Vikas Singh, Ram Sharma, Arnav Koul, Ellen T. McCarthy, Virginia J. Savin, Trupti Joshi, Tarak Srivastava
Summary: Hyperfiltration is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease, and biomechanical forces play a role in the deterioration of podocyte structure and function. Lipid signaling molecules may serve as potential targets for intervention, and dietary fatty acids could be used as adjunct therapies to reduce hyperfiltration-induced glomerular damage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francine K. Welty, Fabian Schulte, Abdulhamied Alfaddagh, Tarec K. Elajami, Bruce R. Bistrian, Markus Hardt
Summary: The presence of higher levels of EPA+DHA in the plasma was associated with increased levels of two SPMs, resolvin E1 and maresin 1, as well as HEPE. Patients with low EPA+DHA levels had a low (18-HEPE+resolvin E1)/LTB4 ratio and showed significant plaque progression, while those with high levels had either low ratios with progression or high ratios with regression. This suggests that an imbalance between pro-resolving and proinflammatory lipid mediators is linked to plaque progression in CAD patients, potentially explaining the benefits of EPA and DHA.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simon C. Dyall, Laurence Balas, Nicolas G. Bazan, J. Thomas Brenna, Nan Chiang, Felipe da Costa Souza, Jesmond Dalli, Thierry Durand, Jean-Marie Galano, Pamela J. Lein, Charles N. Serhan, Ameer Y. Taha
Summary: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important components of cell membranes and play a role in cellular function. They can also serve as precursors for lipid mediators called oxylipins. Oxylipins are formed through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways and include eicosanoids and other lipid mediators. This review summarizes current knowledge about the structure and functions of nonclassical oxylipins.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ivan Liakh, Agata Janczy, Alicja Pakiet, Justyna Korczynska, Monika Proczko-Stepaniak, Lukasz Kaska, Tomasz Sledzinski, Adriana Mika
Summary: In patients with obesity, metabolism of oxylipins is dysregulated in adipose tissue, with altered concentrations in serum. Bariatric surgery modulates levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipins, potentially contributing to resolution of inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Anil Kumar Patel, Ajeet Singh Chauhan, Prashant Kumar, Philippe Michaud, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Jo-Shu Chang, Chiu-Wen Chen, Cheng-Di Dong, Reeta Rani Singhania
Summary: This article provides an update on the production of essential fatty acids from potential microbes and explores novel strategies to promote the accumulation of omega-3 and omega-6 through engineering and omics approaches.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jana Ponce, Arzu Ulu, Corrine Hanson, Erin Cameron-Smith, John Bertoni, Jenna Wuebker, Alfred Fisher, Ka-Chun Siu, Vivien Marmelat, Jiri Adamec, Danish Bhatti
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative disorders that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of these diseases, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived mediators called Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPM) have the potential to have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. However, there is a significant gap in knowledge regarding the effects of these PUFA-derived metabolites in humans.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ajeet Singh Chauhan, Anil Kumar Patel, Chiu-Wen Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Philippe Michaud, Cheng-Di Dong, Reeta Rani Singhania
Summary: Considering the increasing health concerns, urban population tends to adopt a healthy lifestyle and incorporate nutritional food supplements to mitigate common health risks. The consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs is on the rise, thus alternative commercial production methods are being developed. Microbial sources are emerging platforms to meet the global demand for omega PUFAs. Marine oleaginous protist Aurantiochytrium sp. has been identified as a potential source for substantial production of DHA and SFA. The objective of this research was to enhance PUFA yield by optimizing glucose concentration and nitrogen ratio. The maximum lipid and DHA yield and content were achieved at 30 g/L glucose, while the relative PUFA content was highest at 10 g/L glucose, with remaining SFA potentially usable for biodiesel.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Melissa Simard, Sophie Morin, Zainab Ridha, Roxane Pouliot
Summary: The skin's barrier function is crucial for maintaining skin homeostasis. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play complex roles in skin diseases, including psoriasis. High intake of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to reduce the severity and frequency of psoriatic plaques.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
K. K. Pulicherla, Mahendra Kumar Verma
Review
Cell Biology
Mahendra Kumar Verma, Kota Sobha
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2015)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahendra Kumar Verma, K. K. Pulicherla
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahendra Kumar Verma, K. K. Pulicherla
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2017)
Article
Virology
Ashish Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Harshad Ingle, Sushil Kumar, Richa Mishra, Mahendra Kumar Verma, Debasis Biswas, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Anamika Mishra, Ashwin Ashok Raut, Akinori Takaoka, Himanshu Kumar
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sobha Kota, Pradeep Dumpala, Ratna Kumari Anantha, Mahendra Kumar Verma, Surendranath Kandepu
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. K. Verma, S. Shakya
Summary: Biological protection through the blood brain barrier is crucial, although it can hinder drug delivery to neuronal tissue. Computational methods offer hope in identifying transport proteins for more effective drug delivery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. K. Verma, S. Shakya
Summary: Chemokines play a role in immune modulation through their receptors, with HIV targeting the CCR-5 receptor to enter immune cells and evade immune surveillance. Mutations in the CCR-5 gene provide resistance against HIV infection in some populations.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sobha Kota, Vayunandana Rao Govada, Ratna Kumari Anantha, Mahendra Kumar Verma
BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2017)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhi-Min Zhao, Zhi-Hua Liu, Tongtong Zhang, Rongqian Meng, Zhiqun Gong, Yibing Li, Jing Hu, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Bing-Zhi Li, Ying-Jin Yuan
Summary: Bioconversion of bioresources/wastes using Rhodococcus is a promising approach for producing lipid-derived bioproducts. However, bioconversion involves living cells and is a complex system that requires further understanding. This review highlights the potential of Rhodococcus for producing lipids from various wastes and presents genetic modifications using emerging tools for promoting bioconversion. Additionally, strategies for enhancing the bioaccessibility of lignin and its derived aromatics and synthesizing biodiesel and aviation fuels from lignin and lipids are discussed. The synergistic modification of microbial strains, substrates, and fermentation processes is proposed for sustainable biological lignin valorization.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2024)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Maddy L. Newby, Joel D. Allen, Max Crispin
Summary: A key aspect of successful viral vaccine design is the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies targeting viral attachment and fusion glycoproteins. Glycosylation can influence the antigenicity and immunogenicity of vaccines, with native-like glycosylation potentially enhancing immunogenicity. Understanding viral glycosylation can guide the development of future vaccines in various enveloped viruses.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2024)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Uganeeswary Suparmaniam, Man Kee Lam, Jun Wei Lim, Inn Shi Tan, Bridgid Lai Fui Chin, Siew Hoong Shuit, Steven Lim, Yean Ling Pang, Peck Loo Kiew
Summary: Microalgae have the ability to synthesize high-value phytochemicals, and subjecting them to abiotic stress can enhance the accumulation of valuable metabolites within their cells. This study explores the effects of manipulating abiotic stress on microalgae yields and discusses approaches to increase HVPCs production using abiotic stress.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2024)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pei Zhou, Cong Gao, Wei Song, Wanqing Wei, Jing Wu, Liming Liu, Xiulai Chen
Summary: The engineering status of protein is crucial for the efficient bioproduction in microbial cell factories. Strategies such as protein engineering, protein modification, and protein assembly can effectively modify the protein status and enhance production efficiency.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2024)