Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Shigeru Kuroda, Nariya Uchida, Toshiyuki Nakagaki
Summary: This study found that a centipede can flexibly generate gait patterns with varying directions of locomotory waves, depending on locomotion speed and the physical conditions of the terrain. Additionally, a new type of swimming gait for centipedes was discovered. The research showed that gait patterns are associated with control of stride length.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Valeria Belluscio, Marco Iosa, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Stefano Paravati, Antonella Peppe
Summary: The study found that applying auditory cues based on individual's phi-rhythm can improve gait patterns in people with Parkinson's disease, such as parameters like stride length, walking speed, and toe clearance. Therefore, phi-rhythm appears to be an effective cue to enhance gait in individuals with PD.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Philippe Fournier, Sylvie Hebert
Summary: The study compared the effects of monaural and binaural silent gaps on GPI in normal-hearing subjects, finding that the GPI was similar between monaural and binaural presentation in high-frequency background noise, but greater for binaural than monaural in low-frequency background noise, suggesting that monaural GPIAS may be more suitable for detecting tinnitus.
Review
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yu. A. Tsybina, S. Yu. Gordleeva, A. I. Zharinov, I. A. Kastalskiy, A. V. Ermolaeva, A. E. Hramov, V. B. Kazantsev
Summary: Neuro- and biomorphic approaches in intelligent robotic systems have attracted attention from researchers and engineers. Fish-like swimming robots are simple candidates to reproduce biological mechanics of movement. However, current robotic solutions are still lacking in speed performance, power efficiency, and maneuverability.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Melissa Ruszczyk, Donald R. Webster, Jeannette Yen
Summary: Metachronal propulsion, a phenomenon commonly seen in organisms with a shrimp-like body plan, is achieved through the beating of pleopods during locomotion. This study investigates the relationship between Reynolds number, stroke kinematics, and swimming mode in these organisms. The results show that different length scales and Reynolds numbers require different stroke kinematics to achieve different swimming modes. Additionally, different species exhibit unique combinations of kinematics that result in metachrony, suggesting the influence of factors other than length scale and Reynolds number. The study also highlights the importance of considering stroke kinematics, length scale, and swimming mode when achieving uniform phase lag in five-paddle systems.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Omar Refy, Belle Blanchard, Abigail Miller-Peterson, Ashley N. Dalrymple, Ernesto H. Bedoy, Amelia Zaripova, Nadim Motaghedi, Owen Mo, Shalini Panthangi, Alex Reinhart, Gelsy Torres-Oviedo, Hartmut Geyer, Douglas J. Weber
Summary: This study provides direct evidence for the modulation of spinal reflexes during locomotor adaptation. Specifically, we demonstrate that reflexes can be unilaterally modulated on-demand during split-belt locomotor adaptation and speculate about reflex modulation as an underlying mechanism for the adaptation of gait asymmetry in healthy adults.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Mark A. Schmuckler, Angelina Paolozza
Summary: Research on multisensory control of locomotion has shown that adults consciously adjust their walking pace when matching it with an auditory metronome. This study extends the investigation to young toddlers and adults, revealing that new walkers can also modify their gait in response to auditory input at or faster than their natural walking pace. The study also suggests that this modulation occurs automatically across ages, without explicit instructions to modify gait.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Riccardo Ballarini, Marco Ghislieri, Marco Knaflitz, Valentina Agostini
Summary: This study describes and validates an algorithm for choosing the optimal number of muscle synergies (ChoOSyn) in motor control studies, which can overcome the limitations of VAF-based methods. The algorithm outperformed traditional approaches in terms of correct classifications, mean error, and root mean square error, demonstrating its potential to standardize the selection of muscle synergies across different research laboratories.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Carratala-Tejada, Alicia Cuesta-Gomez, Rosa Ortiz-Gutierrez, Francisco Molina-Rueda, Laura Luna-Oliva, Juan Carlos Miangolarra-Page
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of a rehabilitation program based on RLT on balance, gait, and fatigue in MS patients. Significant improvements were found in balance and gait tools, including spatio-temporal parameters and kinematic variables. Patients reported a high level of satisfaction with the therapy received.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
An T. Nguyen, Le-Anne Jacobs, James R. Tresilian, Ottmar V. Lipp, Welber Marinovic
Summary: This study examined the effects of intense sensory stimulation on voluntary and involuntary behaviors during different stages of action preparation. The results showed that the stimulation facilitated voluntary responses and suppressed eye-blink reflexes, shedding light on the mechanisms involved in preparing anticipatory actions.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander Cates, Keith E. Gordon
Summary: This study examines how an individual's gaze behavior adapts during a target stepping task and found that participants increased their fixation distance and decreased their step error with practice. The results suggest that participants shifted their gaze fixation farther ahead and placed greater emphasis on the visual information used for feedforward motor control as their motor performance improved.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy D. Wiggin, Jacob E. Montgomery, Amanda J. Brunick, Jack H. Peck, Mark A. Masino
Summary: The ability to find food, locate a mate, and avoid predation is crucial for the survival of vertebrate animals. These behaviors require motor control, which is determined by kinematic properties. While we have a good understanding of how locomotor frequency is established, the mechanisms for establishing locomotor amplitude are less well-known. Recent evidence suggests that a subset of excitatory spinal interneurons called V2a interneurons regulate locomotor amplitude in larval and adult zebrafish. This study provides direct evidence that V3 interneurons, a population of ventromedial glutamatergic spinal neurons, are active during swimming in larval zebrafish and may contribute to locomotor amplitude independently of locomotor frequency.
Article
Neurosciences
Ye-Hyun Kim, Katrina M. Schrode, James Engel, Sergio Vicencio-Jimenez, Gabriela Rodriguez, Hey-Kyoung Lee, Amanda M. Lauer
Summary: Cross-modal plasticity occurs when the remaining senses are enhanced following the loss of a sensory modality. In adult mice, visual deprivation leads to enhanced auditory neural responses, but does not substantially influence auditory behavioral performance.
JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxime Lemieux, Louise Thiry, Olivier D. Laflamme, Frederic Bretzner
Summary: This passage explains the regulation of the spinal locomotor circuit and the role of the cell adhesion molecule DSCAM in motor coordination. DSCAM is crucial for proper motor coordination, especially for breathing and locomotion, impacting the establishment and maintenance of motor circuits.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Min Hyong Koh, Sheng-Che Yen, Lester Y. Leung, Sarah Gans, Keri Sullivan, Yasaman Adibnia, Misha Pavel, Christopher J. Hasson
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of locomotor assistance with a telerobotics approach, where trainers provide physical assistance to locomoting patients through a robotic manipulandum. Initial results suggest that this approach is effective in modulating targeted gait features in patients with locomotor impairments.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
T. P. O'Leary, S. Shin, E. Fertan, R. N. Dingle, A. Almuklass, R. K. Gunn, Z. Yu, J. Wang, R. E. Brown
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy P. O'Leary, Ahmed T. Hussin, Rhian K. Gunn, Richard E. Brown
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
I. R. Macdonald, D. R. Debay, G. A. Reid, T. P. O'Leary, C. T. Jollymore, G. Mawko, S. Burrell, E. Martin, C. V. Bowen, R. E. Brown, S. Darvesh
CURRENT ALZHEIMER RESEARCH
(2014)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy P. O'Leary, Richard E. Brown
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Timothy P. O'Leary, Hector M. Mantolino, Kurt R. Stover, Richard E. Brown
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2020)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jordan E. Hamden, Melody Salehzadeh, Cecilia Jalabert, Timothy P. O'Leary, Jason S. Snyder, Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez, Kiran K. Soma
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
John Darby Cole, Delane F. Espinueva, Desiree R. Seib, Alyssa M. Ash, Matthew B. Cooke, Shaina P. Cahill, Timothy P. O'Leary, Sharon S. Kwan, Jason S. Snyder
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jaemeun Lee, Kyungchan Kim, Jae Hyun Cho, Jin Young Bae, Timothy P. O'Leary, James D. Johnson, Yong Chul Bae, Eun-Kyoung Kim
Article
Behavioral Sciences
T. P. O'Leary, K. R. Stover, H. M. Mantolino, S. Darvesh, R. E. Brown
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biology
Timothy P. O'Leary, Kaitlin E. Sullivan, Lihua Wang, Jody Clements, Andrew L. Lemire, Mark S. Cembrowski
Article
Behavioral Sciences
William H. Gendron, Emre Fertan, Stephanie Pelletier, Kyle M. Roddick, Timothy P. O'Leary, Younes Anini, Richard E. Brown
Summary: In addition to cognitive decline, patients with Alzheimer's disease may exhibit sensory, motor, and neuropsychiatric deficits, as well as weight loss. The 5xFAD mouse model has been found to show age-related weight loss compared to wildtype controls, suggesting potential metabolic dysfunction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Desiree R. Seib, Delane F. Espinueva, Oren Princz-Lebel, Erin Chahley, Jordann Stevenson, Timothy P. O'Leary, Stan B. Floresco, Jason S. Snyder
Summary: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a crucial role in decision making regarding future rewards, with inhibition of neurogenesis leading to aversion towards delayed rewards and preference for immediately available rewards. This suggests a specific role for newborn neurons in regulating choices involving future-oriented cognition.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Timothy P. O'Leary, Richard E. Brown
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of age, sex, albinism, and motor impairment on the learning and memory performance of 5xFAD mice. The results showed that 5xFAD mice exhibited learning impairments at 6-9 months of age, but the performance at 12-15 months was confounded with motor impairments. Additionally, sex and albinism also affected the learning and memory performance.
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy P. O'Leary, Baran Askari, Bonnie H. Lee, Kathryn Darby, Cypress Knudson, Alyssa M. Ash, Desiree R. Seib, Delane F. Espinueva, Jason S. Snyder
Summary: Adult-born neurons in the hippocampus contribute to spatial learning, especially in stressful conditions, and exhibit sex differences in their behavioral functions. This study found that ablating neurogenesis had different effects on male and female rats in cold water, with males showing slower maze escape and females showing faster escape. Neurogenesis also influenced search strategy differently in males and females, and male rats displayed greater experience-dependent plasticity compared to females.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)