Current Advances and Limitations in Modeling ALS/FTD in a Dish Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Recent advances in the molecular genetics of frontotemporal lobar degeneration

(2017) Innocenzo Rainero   FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY

Genetic screening in sporadic ALS and FTD

(2017) Martin R Turner et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Edaravone: a new treatment for ALS on the horizon?

(2017) Orla Hardiman et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Neurobiology of axonal transport defects in motor neuron diseases: Opportunities for translational research?

(2017) Kurt J. De Vos et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

HDAC6 inhibition reverses axonal transport defects in motor neurons derived from FUS-ALS patients

(2017) Wenting Guo et al.   Nature Communications

ALS Clinical Trials Review: 20 Years of Failure. Are We Any Closer to Registering a New Treatment?

(2017) Dmitry Petrov et al.   Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient iPSC-derived astrocytes impair autophagy via non-cell autonomous mechanisms

(2017) Martin Madill et al.   Molecular Brain

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted gene correction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient iPSCs

(2017) Lixia Wang et al.   Protein & Cell

Abnormal Neural Progenitor Cells Differentiated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Partially Mimicked Development of TSC2 Neurological Abnormalities

(2017) Yaqin Li et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Long-Term Culture of Self-renewing Pancreatic Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2017) Jamie Trott et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Sporadic ALS Astrocytes Induce Neuronal Degeneration In Vivo

(2017) Kun Qian et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Frontotemporal Dementia Phenotype Associated with MAPT Gene Duplication

(2017) Anne Rovelet-Lecrux et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Inside out: the role of nucleocytoplasmic transport in ALS and FTLD

(2016) Steven Boeynaems et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Loss of C9ORF72 impairs autophagy and synergizes with polyQ Ataxin‐2 to induce motor neuron dysfunction and cell death

(2016) Chantal Sellier et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

The C9orf72 protein interacts with Rab1a and the ULK1 complex to regulate initiation of autophagy

(2016) Christopher P Webster et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

The Tau/A152T mutation, a risk factor for frontotemporal‐spectrum disorders, leads to NR2B receptor‐mediated excitotoxicity

(2016) Jochen Martin Decker et al.   EMBO REPORTS

Novel therapies in development that inhibit motor neuron hyperexcitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(2016) Yu-ichi Noto et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Complexities of X chromosome inactivation status in female human induced pluripotent stem cells—a brief review and scientific update for autism research

(2016) Mary G. Dandulakis et al.   Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The frontotemporal dementia-motor neuron disease continuum

(2016) James R Burrell et al.   LANCET

Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism

(2016) J. Paul Taylor et al.   NATURE

Modeling ALS with motor neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

(2016) Samuel Sances et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Hyperactive somatostatin interneurons contribute to excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders

(2016) Wen Zhang et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

C9ORF72 interaction with cofilin modulates actin dynamics in motor neurons

(2016) Rajeeve Sivadasan et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Poly(GR) in C9ORF72 -Related ALS/FTD Compromises Mitochondrial Function and Increases Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons

(2016) Rodrigo Lopez-Gonzalez et al.   NEURON

Oligodendrocytes contribute to motor neuron death in ALS via SOD1-dependent mechanism

(2016) Laura Ferraiuolo et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Layered hydrogels accelerate iPSC-derived neuronal maturation and reveal migration defects caused by MeCP2 dysfunction

(2016) Zhen-Ning Zhang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Expansions Are Associated with Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis and Stress Granule Formation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons from Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Demen

(2016) Ruxandra Dafinca et al.   STEM CELLS

4-Aminopyridine Induced Activity Rescues Hypoexcitable Motor Neurons from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2016) Maximilian Naujock et al.   STEM CELLS

FUS Mislocalization and Vulnerability to DNA Damage in ALS Patients Derived hiPSCs and Aging Motoneurons

(2016) Julia Higelin et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Dipeptide Repeat Proteins Linked to C9orf72 -ALS/FTD

(2016) Thomas Westergard et al.   Cell Reports

Direct Lineage Reprogramming Reveals Disease-Specific Phenotypes of Motor Neurons from Human ALS Patients

(2016) Meng-Lu Liu et al.   Cell Reports

Novel therapies in development that inhibit motor neuron hyperexcitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(2016) Yu-ichi Noto et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Establishment of In Vitro FUS-Associated Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2016) Naoki Ichiyanagi et al.   Stem Cell Reports

A C9ORF72/SMCR8-containing complex regulates ULK1 and plays a dual role in autophagy

(2016) M. Yang et al.   Science Advances

From animal models to human disease: a genetic approach for personalized medicine in ALS

(2016) Vincent Picher-Martel et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

The ALS/FTLD associated protein C9orf72 associates with SMCR8 and WDR41 to regulate the autophagy-lysosome pathway

(2016) Peter M. Sullivan et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Gene-specific mitochondria dysfunctions in human TARDBP and C9ORF72 fibroblasts

(2016) Elisa Onesto et al.   Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Mutation Frequency of the Major Frontotemporal Dementia Genes, MAPT, GRN and C9ORF72 in a Turkish Cohort of Dementia Patients

(2016) Gamze Guven et al.   PLoS One

Geographic Variation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Incidence in New Jersey, 2009–2011

(2015) Kevin A. Henry et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation

(2015) Avinash Patel et al.   CELL

Direct Conversion of Normal and Alzheimer’s Disease Human Fibroblasts into Neuronal Cells by Small Molecules

(2015) Wenxiang Hu et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Directly Reprogrammed Human Neurons Retain Aging-Associated Transcriptomic Signatures and Reveal Age-Related Nucleocytoplasmic Defects

(2015) Jerome Mertens et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Molecular specification of germ layers in vertebrate embryos

(2015) Clemens Kiecker et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES

ALS mutant FUS proteins are recruited into stress granules in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motoneurons

(2015) J. Lenzi et al.   Disease Models & Mechanisms

Motoneurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Develop Mature Phenotypes Typical of Endogenous Spinal Motoneurons

(2015) J. S. Toma et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Frontotemporal dementia

(2015) Jee Bang et al.   LANCET

Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

(2015) Ewa Niedzielska et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

The C9orf72 repeat expansion disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport

(2015) Ke Zhang et al.   NATURE

GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 compromises nucleocytoplasmic transport

(2015) Brian D. Freibaum et al.   NATURE

The fused in sarcoma protein forms cytoplasmic aggregates in motor neurons derived from integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells generated from a patient with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying the FUS-P525L mutation

(2015) Xinxiu Liu et al.   NEUROGENETICS

Review: An update on clinical, genetic and pathological aspects of frontotemporal lobar degenerations

(2015) Tammaryn Lashley et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY

The Spectrum of C9orf72-mediated Neurodegeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(2015) Johnathan Cooper-Knock et al.   Neurotherapeutics

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage: importance in non-SOD1 ALS

(2015) Maria Teresa Carrì et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

ALS Patient Stem Cells for Unveiling Disease Signatures of Motoneuron Susceptibility: Perspectives on the Deadly Mitochondria, ER Stress and Calcium Triad

(2015) Anjoscha Kaus et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Gene expression profiling for human iPS-derived motor neurons from sporadic ALS patients reveals a strong association between mitochondrial functions and neurodegeneration

(2015) Chrystian J. Alves et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Human iPSC-derived motoneurons harbouring TARDBP or C9ORF72 ALS mutations are dysfunctional despite maintaining viability

(2015) Anna-Claire Devlin et al.   Nature Communications

Generation and expansion of highly pure motor neuron progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells

(2015) Zhong-Wei Du et al.   Nature Communications

Number of Nanoparticles per Cell through a Spectrophotometric Method - A key parameter to Assess Nanoparticle-based Cellular Assays

(2015) Juan D. Unciti-Broceta et al.   Scientific Reports

Axonal Ion Channel Dysfunction inC9orf72Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(2015) Nimeshan Geevasinga et al.   JAMA Neurology

Restoration of Progranulin Expression Rescues Cortical Neuron Generation in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Frontotemporal Dementia

(2015) Susanna Raitano et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(2015) Fang Fang et al.   Clinical Epidemiology

Frontotemporal dementia: a bridge between dementia and neuromuscular disease

(2014) Adeline S.L. Ng et al.   Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

The Developmental Potential of iPSCs Is Greatly Influenced by Reprogramming Factor Selection

(2014) Yosef Buganim et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Modeling ALS with iPSCs Reveals that Mutant SOD1 Misregulates Neurofilament Balance in Motor Neurons

(2014) Hong Chen et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Pathways Disrupted in Human ALS Motor Neurons Identified through Genetic Correction of Mutant SOD1

(2014) Evangelos Kiskinis et al.   Cell Stem Cell

How to make spinal motor neurons

(2014) B. N. Davis-Dusenbery et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Seamless gene correction of β-thalassemia mutations in patient-specific iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 andpiggyBac

(2014) Fei Xie et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

C9ORF72, implicated in amytrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, regulates endosomal trafficking

(2014) Manal A. Farg et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Combinatorial analysis of developmental cues efficiently converts human pluripotent stem cells into multiple neuronal subtypes

(2014) Yves Maury et al.   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Generation of cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells

(2014) Madeline A Lancaster et al.   Nature Protocols

Reduced C9orf72 protein levels in frontal cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal degeneration brain with the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion

(2014) Adrian J. Waite et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetic Studies

(2014) Ji He et al.   NEUROSCIENTIST

Human Motor Neurons Generated from Neural Stem Cells Delay Clinical Onset and Prolong Life in ALS Mouse Model

(2014) Hong J. Lee et al.   PLoS One

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: A Clinical Approach

(2014) Elissaios Karageorgiou et al.   SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY

High-efficiency motor neuron differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells and the function of Islet-1

(2014) Qiuhao Qu et al.   Nature Communications

Intrinsic Membrane Hyperexcitability of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient-Derived Motor Neurons

(2014) Brian J. Wainger et al.   Cell Reports

In Vitro Generation of Neuromesodermal Progenitors Reveals Distinct Roles for Wnt Signalling in the Specification of Spinal Cord and Paraxial Mesoderm Identity

(2014) Mina Gouti et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

The neuropathology associated with repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene

(2013) Ian R. A. Mackenzie et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Antisense transcripts of the expanded C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat form nuclear RNA foci and undergo repeat-associated non-ATG translation in c9FTD/ALS

(2013) Tania F. Gendron et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Modeling key pathological features of frontotemporal dementia with C9ORF72 repeat expansion in iPSC-derived human neurons

(2013) Sandra Almeida et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

The product of C9orf72, a gene strongly implicated in neurodegeneration, is structurally related to DENN Rab-GEFs

(2013) Timothy P. Levine et al.   BIOINFORMATICS

Riluzole exerts central and peripheral modulating effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(2013) Steve Vucic et al.   BRAIN

The Hallmarks of Aging

(2013) Carlos López-Otín et al.   CELL

Human iPSC-Based Modeling of Late-Onset Disease via Progerin-Induced Aging

(2013) Justine D. Miller et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Clinical perspective on oxidative stress in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(2013) Emanuele D’Amico et al.   FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Analysis of off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases and nickases

(2013) S. W. Cho et al.   GENOME RESEARCH

The ALS disease-associated mutant TDP-43 impairs mitochondrial dynamics and function in motor neurons

(2013) Wenzhang Wang et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Pathophysiological insights into ALS with C9ORF72 expansions

(2013) K. L. Williams et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Mutant SOD1-expressing astrocytes release toxic factors that trigger motoneuron death by inducing hyperexcitability

(2013) Elsa Fritz et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Accelerated High-Yield Generation of Limb-Innervating Motor Neurons from Human Stem Cells

(2013) M. W. Amoroso et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

A cellular model for sporadic ALS using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells

(2013) Matthew F. Burkhardt et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE

State of play in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics

(2013) Alan E Renton et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system

(2013) F Ann Ran et al.   Nature Protocols

RNA Toxicity from the ALS/FTD C9ORF72 Expansion Is Mitigated by Antisense Intervention

(2013) Christopher J. Donnelly et al.   NEURON

Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Integrate Efficiently into Mouse Brain Circuits In Vivo

(2013) Ira Espuny-Camacho et al.   NEURON

Converging Mechanisms in ALS and FTD: Disrupted RNA and Protein Homeostasis

(2013) Shuo-Chien Ling et al.   NEURON

Downregulation of MicroRNA-9 in iPSC-Derived Neurons of FTD/ALS Patients with TDP-43 Mutations

(2013) Zhijun Zhang et al.   PLoS One

Direct conversion of patient fibroblasts demonstrates non-cell autonomous toxicity of astrocytes to motor neurons in familial and sporadic ALS

(2013) K. Meyer et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Astrocyte pathology and the absence of non-cell autonomy in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of TDP-43 proteinopathy

(2013) A. Serio et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

RAN proteins and RNA foci from antisense transcripts in C9ORF72 ALS and frontotemporal dementia

(2013) T. Zu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Targeting RNA Foci in iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons from ALS Patients with a C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion

(2013) D. Sareen et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Compact designer TALENs for efficient genome engineering

(2013) Marine Beurdeley et al.   Nature Communications

Characterization of Induced Neural Progenitors from Skin Fibroblasts by a Novel Combination of Defined Factors

(2013) Changhai Tian et al.   Scientific Reports

Mechanisms, models and biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(2013) Martin R. Turner et al.   Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration

Genetic Correction of Tauopathy Phenotypes in Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2013) Helen Fong et al.   Stem Cell Reports

Integration-free Methods for Generating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2013) Yi-ye Zhou et al.   GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS

TDP-43 aggregation in neurodegeneration: Are stress granules the key?

(2012) Colleen M. Dewey et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Derivation Conditions Impact X-Inactivation Status in Female Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2012) Kiichiro Tomoda et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Apicobasal polarity and neural tube closure

(2012) Dae Seok Eom et al.   DEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION

Reprogramming: faithful reporters

(2012) Monya Baker   NATURE METHODS

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cerebral cortex neurons and neural networks

(2012) Yichen Shi et al.   Nature Protocols

Mutant induced pluripotent stem cell lines recapitulate aspects of TDP-43 proteinopathies and reveal cell-specific vulnerability

(2012) B. Bilican et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Drug Screening for ALS Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2012) N. Egawa et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Genetic counseling for FTD/ALS caused by the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansion

(2012) Jamie C Fong et al.   Alzheimers Research & Therapy

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Progranulin-Deficient Frontotemporal Dementia Uncover Specific Reversible Neuronal Defects

(2012) Sandra Almeida et al.   Cell Reports

Progranulin Is a Chemoattractant for Microglia and Stimulates Their Endocytic Activity

(2011) Fiona Pickford et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

DNA-damage accumulation and replicative arrest in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome

(2011) Phillip R. Musich et al.   BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS

FTD and ALS: A Tale of Two Diseases

(2011) R. Ferrari et al.   Current Alzheimer Research

Genome Engineering With Zinc-Finger Nucleases

(2011) Dana Carroll   GENETICS

Arginine methylation by PRMT1 regulates nuclear-cytoplasmic localization and toxicity of FUS/TLS harbouring ALS-linked mutations

(2011) Miranda L. Tradewell et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Downregulation of VAPB expression in motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of ALS8 patients

(2011) Miguel Mitne-Neto et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS

(2011) Mariely DeJesus-Hernandez et al.   NEURON

Cell-Surface Marker Signatures for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells, Glia and Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2011) Shauna H. Yuan et al.   PLoS One

Site-Specific Recombinase Strategy to Create Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Efficiently with Plasmid DNA

(2011) Marisa Karow et al.   STEM CELLS

Efficient Differentiation of Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Astrocytes

(2011) Luni Emdad et al.   STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT

Retinoid-independent motor neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells reveals a medial columnar ground state

(2011) R. Patani et al.   Nature Communications

Cerebral cortex development: From progenitors patterning to neocortical size during evolution

(2010) Alessandra Pierani et al.   DEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION

Neurodegenerative disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell research

(2010) Haruhisa Inoue   EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH

Distinct Sonic Hedgehog signaling dynamics specify floor plate and ventral neuronal progenitors in the vertebrate neural tube

(2010) V. Ribes et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: emerging roles in RNA processing and neurodegeneration

(2010) C. Lagier-Tourenne et al.   HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS

Wild-Type Human TDP-43 Expression Causes TDP-43 Phosphorylation, Mitochondrial Aggregation, Motor Deficits, and Early Mortality in Transgenic Mice

(2010) Y.-F. Xu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular calcium dysregulation in ALS

(2010) Hibiki Kawamata et al.   MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT

Neurotrophic growth factors for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: where do we stand ?

(2010) Henriques   Frontiers in Neuroscience

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Carcinogenesis Induced by Metals and Xenobiotics

(2010) Frank Henkler et al.   Cancers

Human oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells: conserved SHH signaling networks and divergent FGF effects

(2009) B.-Y. Hu et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Differentiation of spinal motor neurons from pluripotent human stem cells

(2009) Bao-Yang Hu et al.   Nature Protocols

VEGF protects motor neurons against excitotoxicity by upregulation of GluR2

(2009) Elke Bogaert et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Vector and Transgene Sequences

(2009) J. Yu et al.   SCIENCE

Signaling Pathways Controlling Pluripotency and Early Cell Fate Decisions of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

(2009) Ludovic Vallier et al.   STEM CELLS

ALS Model Glia Can Mediate Toxicity to Motor Neurons Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

(2008) Eva Hedlund et al.   Cell Stem Cell

Progranulin functions as a neurotrophic factor to regulate neurite outgrowth and enhance neuronal survival

(2008) Philip Van Damme et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated from Patients with ALS Can Be Differentiated into Motor Neurons

(2008) J. T. Dimos et al.   SCIENCE

Directed Differentiation of Ventral Spinal Progenitors and Motor Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Small Molecules

(2008) Xue-Jun Li et al.   STEM CELLS