Evidence of activation of the Nrf2 pathway in multiple sclerosis patients treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies

Pharmacodynamics of Dimethyl Fumarate Are Tissue Specific and Involve NRF2-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

(2016) Melanie S. Brennan et al.   ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING

Dimethyl fumarate treatment induces adaptive and innate immune modulation independent of Nrf2

(2016) Ulf Schulze-Topphoff et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Fumarates modulate microglia activation through a novel HCAR2 signaling pathway and rescue synaptic dysregulation in inflamed CNS

(2015) Benedetta Parodi et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 mediates dimethyl fumarate’s protective effect in EAE

(2014) Hui Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Detection of fumarate–glutathione adducts in the portal vein blood of rats: evidence for rapid dimethylfumarate metabolism

(2013) Stefan Dibbert et al.   ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 or Glatiramer in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Robert J. Fox et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Ralf Gold et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection

(2012) Meijuan Zhang et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

(2011) Ralf A. Linker et al.   BRAIN

Fumaric acid and its esters: An emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis with antioxidative mechanism of action

(2011) R. Gold et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Targeting the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant defence pathway for neurovascular protection in stroke

(2011) Alessio Alfieri et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON

Targeting glutathione by dimethylfumarate protects against experimental malaria by enhancing erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling

(2010) Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY

Ethanol-induced HO-1 and NQO1 Are Differentially Regulated by HIF-1α and Nrf2 to Attenuate Inflammatory Cytokine Expression

(2010) Samantha M. Yeligar et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

The psoriasis drug monomethylfumarate is a potent nicotinic acid receptor agonist

(2008) Hua Tang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Detection of Metabolites of Fumaric Acid Esters in Human Urine: Implications for Their Mode of Action

(2008) Martin Rostami-Yazdi et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY