Dimethyl fumarate treatment induces adaptive and innate immune modulation independent of Nrf2

Fumarates modulate microglia activation through a novel HCAR2 signaling pathway and rescue synaptic dysregulation in inflamed CNS

(2015) Benedetta Parodi et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Cell type-specific Nrf2 expression in multiple sclerosis lesions

(2015) Simon Licht-Mayer et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

DMF, but not other fumarates, inhibits NF-κB activity in vitro in an Nrf2-independent manner

(2015) Geoffrey O. Gillard et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients

(2015) Erin E Longbrake et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients

(2015) Erin E Longbrake et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Dimethyl Fumarate and Monoethyl Fumarate Exhibit Differential Effects on KEAP1, NRF2 Activation, and Glutathione Depletion In Vitro

(2015) Melanie S. Brennan et al.   PLoS One

Effects of Glatiramer Acetate in a Spontaneous Model of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation

(2014) Stefan Bittner et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 mediates dimethyl fumarate’s protective effect in EAE

(2014) Hui Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate Administered With and Without Aspirin in Healthy Volunteers

(2013) Sarah I. Sheikh et al.   CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS

MHC class II–dependent B cell APC function is required for induction of CNS autoimmunity independent of myelin-specific antibodies

(2013) Nicolas Molnarfi et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Nrf2 regulates haematopoietic stem cell function

(2013) Jennifer J. Tsai et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

Th2 Skewing by Activation of Nrf2 in CD4+ T Cells

(2012) C. E. Rockwell et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 or Glatiramer in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Robert J. Fox et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Ralf Gold et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

(2011) Ralf A. Linker et al.   BRAIN

Fumarates improve psoriasis and multiple sclerosis by inducing type II dendritic cells

(2011) Kamran Ghoreschi et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Mouse models for multiple sclerosis: Historical facts and future implications

(2010) Andrew L. Croxford et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE

Activation of kinin receptor B1 limits encephalitogenic T lymphocyte recruitment to the central nervous system

(2009) Ulf Schulze-Topphoff et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

The Absence of the Pro-antioxidant Transcription Factor Nrf2 Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

(2009) Delinda A. Johnson et al.   TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

The psoriasis drug monomethylfumarate is a potent nicotinic acid receptor agonist

(2008) Hua Tang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Efficacy and safety of oral fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study

(2008) Ludwig Kappos et al.   LANCET

B-Cell Depletion with Rituximab in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

(2008) Stephen L. Hauser et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE