Article
Immunology
Mette Ratzer Freytag, Sofie Eg Jorgensen, Michelle Molgaard Thomsen, Ali Al-Mousawi, Alon Schneider Hait, David Olagnier, Jakob T. Bay, Marie Helleberg, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This study describes a 19-year-old woman with systemic HSV-1 infection and HLH, as well as a fatal course of neonatal herpesvirus infection postpartum. Investigation showed impaired antiviral responses in the mother's cells, potentially caused by variants in CASP8 or other noncoding regions of the genome.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Feiyu Fu, Zhenyu Lin, Yanlin Li, Jie Wang, Yawen Li, Pengcheng Liu, Zhaofei Wang, Jingjiao Ma, Yaxian Yan, Jianhe Sun, Yuqiang Cheng
Summary: This study cloned and analyzed the molecular characteristics of goose STING (GoSTING). The results showed that GoSTING plays a crucial role in the regulation of RNA virus replication and is a key component of the innate immune defense in geese.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Huifang Zhu, Rongzhao Zhang, Li Yi, Yan-Dong Tang, Chunfu Zheng
Summary: This study demonstrates that UNC93B1 acts as a crucial regulator of STING, attenuating its signaling pathway through autophagy-lysosome degradation, and provides novel insights into UNC93B1's function in antiviral innate immunity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Noemie Berry, Rodolphe Suspene, Vincent Caval, Pierre Khalfi, Guillaume Beauclair, Stephane Rigaud, Herve Blanc, Marco Vignuzzi, Simon Wain-Hobson, Jean-Pierre Vartanian
Summary: HSV-1 impairs the mitochondrial network and releases mtDNA, leading to the upregulation of type I interferon and APOBEC3A expression. The RNA polymerase III/RIG-I pathway is crucial for interferon production. Released mtDNA causes mutations induced by APOBEC3A, resulting in DNA catabolism.
Article
Microbiology
Zhi Liu, Likun Xia
Summary: This study found that RNF5 limits the type I interferon antiviral response in herpes simplex virus-induced corneal epithelitis by inhibiting the STING/IRF3 signaling pathway. Silencing RNF5 promotes IFN-I expression, inhibits viral replication, alleviates inflammation, and reduces corneal inflammatory damage.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jun Zhao, Chao Qin, Yongzhen Liu, Youliang Rao, Pinghui Feng
Summary: This review discusses the latest advances in understanding how herpes simplex viruses manipulate host cells' pattern recognition receptors to establish persistent infection and evade immune responses. Deepening our understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the development of novel antiviral therapies and vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yijie Tao, Shulei Yin, Yang Liu, Chunzhen Li, Yining Chen, Dan Han, Jingyi Huang, Sheng Xu, Zui Zou, Yizhi Yu
Summary: In this study, UFL1 was identified as a crucial regulator for maintaining the stability and antiviral function of STING. It inhibits the interaction between TRIM29 and STING, thereby reducing the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of STING. Additionally, DNA virus infection reduces the expression of UFL1, which may enhance STING degradation and viral expansion.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Linhai Zhang, Lijia Zhang, Fangjing Li, Wanyu Liu, Zhenzhen Tai, Juan Yang, Haiqing Zhang, Jinmei Tuo, Changyin Yu, Zucai Xu
Summary: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common cause of infectious encephalitis, accounting for nearly half of the confirmed cases. Clinical symptoms of HSV encephalitis are often atypical. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid aids in diagnosis, and prognosis is usually favorable with regular antiviral treatment. Interestingly, some patients with recurrent encephalitis show little antiviral response. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is negative, but glucocorticoids have a significant effect after treatment. Specific antibodies, such as NMDA receptor antibody and GABA receptor antibody, can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting the involvement of the immune system in recurrent encephalitis, although the specific mechanism remains unclear. Based on recent studies, we aim to summarize the relationship between herpes simplex encephalitis and innate immunity, providing further insights for researchers in this field.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yu-Qing Lu, Jing Wu, Xiang-Ji Wu, Hui Ma, Yan-Xiu Ma, Rong Zhang, Meng-Nan Su, Nan Wu, Gong-Yin Chen, Hong-Song Chen, Xiao-Ben Pan
Summary: Research shows that IFI16 plays a role in sensing HBV infection and early changes in IFI16 mRNA in PBMCs can predict HBeAg seroconversion. Additionally, interferons can influence IFI16 degradation and subcellular location.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Li Gao, Rui Liu, Fuchun Yang, Xiaohan Li, Changjun Liu, Xiaole Qi, Hongyu Cui, Yanping Zhang, Suyan Wang, Xiaomei Wang, Yulong Gao, Kai Li
Summary: Duck enteritis virus (DEV) encodes multiple viral proteins to inhibit the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway. The viral tegument protein UL41 selectively reduces the mRNA accumulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), thereby inhibiting the DNA-sensing pathway. Loss of UL41 enhances the immune response to DEV and impairs viral replication.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annalaura Paulis, Enzo Tramontano
Summary: Invading pathogens weaken the host by subverting physiological conditions, while cells have developed countermeasures to maintain cellular physiology and counteract pathogenesis. The cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in innate immunity activation by recognizing viral DNA and producing IFN-I. Targeting STING has the potential for developing broad-spectrum antivirals, and this review explores the function of STING, its modulation, viral evasion mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies to restore its functionality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Azadeh Reyahi, Marie Studahl, Morten K. Skouboe, Stefanie Fruhwurth, Ryo Narita, Fanghui Ren, Moa Bjerhem Viklund, Marie B. Iversen, Mette Christiansen, Alexandra Svensson, Trine H. Mogensen, Kristina Eriksson, Soren R. Paludan
Summary: This study reveals the importance of the IKBKE gene and the cGAS/STING pathway in protecting against recurrent HSV-2 meningitis. A monoallelic variant in the IKBKE gene was identified in a patient with multiple episodes of HSV-2 meningitis, leading to impaired induction of IFN genes and decreased antiviral activity. The patient allele encoded a truncated IKK epsilon protein with loss of kinase activity and dominant-negative activity. Reintroducing wild-type IKBKE into patient cells restored IFN induction and antiviral activity. These findings highlight the nonredundant role of the cGAS/STING pathway in human antiviral immunity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanglong Zheng, Nengwen Xia, Jiajia Zhang, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Zongping Liu, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING pathway is involved in triggering both canonical and non-canonical autophagy, which plays crucial roles in balancing innate immune responses, maintaining intracellular environmental homeostasis, alleviating liver injury, and limiting tumor growth and transformation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanglong Zheng, Anjing Liu, Nengwen Xia, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling axis is activated by cytosolic DNA, both non-self and self DNA. This pathway is used by the innate immune system to monitor invading pathogens and/or damage. It not only facilitates inflammatory responses and IFN production, but also activates other cellular processes like apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhe Ge, Shuzhe Ding
Summary: This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanism of the cGAS/STING signaling pathway and the immune escape mechanism of corresponding viruses, aiming to provide targeted immunotherapy ideas for specific viral infections in the future.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)